FK228抑制EPO介导的人红系前体细胞的增殖与分化

目的:探讨组蛋白脱乙酰化酶抑制剂FK228在红细胞生成素(EPO)介导的人红系前体细胞增殖与分化中的调节作用。方法:从经粒细胞集落刺激因子动员的肿瘤患者外周血单核细胞中分离CD34 细胞,用含干细胞生长因子(SCF)、EPO或SCF IL-3及不同浓度FK228的无血清培养基培养7d,分别用抗GPA及抗CD36单克隆抗体(mAb)染色并行流式细胞术检测;将CD34 细胞用含SCF IL-3的无血清培养基培养7d,分离CD36 GPA-细胞,将细胞用含有EPO FK228的无血清培养基培养7d,并行细胞计数;将CD36 GPAlow/-细胞用含EPO加或不加FK228的无血清培养基培养,并进行annexin V和PI染色。结果:FK228以一种剂量依赖方式抑制CD36 GPAhigh、CD36 GPAlow和CD36 GPA-细胞的产生;FK228可诱导CD36 GPAhigh和CD36 GPAlow/-细胞在含EPO的培养基中发生细胞凋亡。结论:FK228可抑制EPO介导的人红系前体细胞的增殖与分化。     

Norrin基因对人视网膜微血管内皮细胞增殖和周期的影响

目的：体外培养并鉴定人视网膜微血管内皮细胞（HRCECs），并探讨Norrin基因高表达对HRCECs增殖和周期的影响。方法： 体外分离、培养并鉴定人视网膜微血管内皮细胞，抗第Ⅷ因子相关抗原抗体鉴定细胞。利用脂质体lipofectamine 2000将AP-3myc-hNorrin/pRK5质粒转染HRCECs，RT-PCR、免疫组化和Western blotting方法检测Norrin/myc的表达确定转染效率。采用MTT法测定转染后细胞的增殖能力，流式细胞术分析其细胞周期变化。结果： 所培养的细胞第Ⅷ因子相关抗原免疫组化为强阳性。AP-3myc-hNorrin/pRK5质粒转染后 24 h，RT-PCR显示实验组Norrin表达水平明显高于阴性对照组(P<0.01)。转染后48h免疫组化及Western blotting均显示实验组细胞Myc表达强于阴性对照组。MTT法显示细胞增殖高于对照组，细胞周期检测示实验组G2期细胞高于阴性对照组，P<0.01。结论：脂质体能成功转染AP-3myc-hNorrin/pRK5进入HRCECs。Norrin高表达能促进HRCECs的增殖，并促进细胞DNA合成，提示Norrin在视网膜血管生成过程中可能具有重要作用。     

降钙素基因相关肽通过ERK1/2信号通路对角质形成细胞增殖的影响

目的： 研究降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）对角质形成细胞增殖活性的影响，并探讨其可能涉及的信号转导通路。方法： ①胸腺嘧啶掺入法（［3H］-TdR）观察CGRP诱导的角质形成细胞株HaCaT细胞增殖，及CGRP受体拮抗剂CGRP8-37、细胞外信号调节激酶ERK1/2特异性抑制剂PD98059对CGRP诱导的增殖活性的影响；②免疫印迹技术观察CGRP诱导后ERK1/2的磷酸化，及CGRP8-37、PD98059对ERK1/2磷酸化的影响。结果： ①CGRP在一定范围内可剂量依赖性地诱导HaCaT细胞增殖，该作用可被CGRP8-37和 PD98059阻断；②CGRP可时间依赖性地诱导HaCaT细胞ERK1/2的磷酸化，CGRP8-37和PD98059可减弱其作用。结论： CGRP可诱导HaCaT细胞增殖，CGRP受体及其相关的ERK1/2信号通路参与其调控机制。     

抑制ECV304细胞内EOLA1基因表达后效应观察

目的观察抑制人脐静脉内皮细胞系ECV304细胞内内皮高表达脂多糖相关因子1（endothe-lial-overexpressed lipopolysaccharide-associated factor 1,EOLA1）基因表达后细胞生长的变化。方法构建EGFP-EOLA1融合蛋白表达载体pEGFP-N2/EOLA1,转染ECV304细胞,G418压力筛选获得稳定表达株;设计靶点特异性的寡核苷酸,连接到经BamHⅠ和HindⅢ酶切线性化的pSlincer3.1/H1质粒上。转染重组质粒到稳定表达EGFP-EOLA1融合蛋白的ECV304细胞,检测靶基因的抑制情况,观察EOLA1表达被抑制后细胞生长的改变。结果抑制EOLA1表达后ECV304细胞生长明显减慢。结论EOLA1基因在细胞内参与了细胞生长的调控。     

Expression of peripheral benzodiazepine receptor, PCNA, and caspase-3 in cells of skin melanoma and squamous cell Carcinoma

The intensity of cell proliferation and apoptosis and expression peripheral benzodiazepine receptor were studied in skin biopsy specimens from patients with squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma of the skin. Sharp inhibition of apoptosis and changes in the levels of cell proliferation in tumor cells were paralleled by decreased expression of peripheral benzodiazepine receptor. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 144, No. 7, pp. 87–89, July, 2007     

Murine polyomavirus-like particles induce maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and proliferation of T cells

We analysed the effects of murine polyomavirus-like particles (PLPs) on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and T cells in vitro. BMDCs activated with PLPs up-regulated CD40, CD80, CD86 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II surface markers and produced proinflammatory cytokines. Chimeric PLPs [expressing the ovalbumin (OVA)-peptides OVA(257-264) or OVA(323-339)], but not wildtype PLPs, activated OVA-specific CD8 T cells and OVA-specific CD4 T cells, respectively, indicating both MHC class I and II presentation of the peptides by antigen-presenting cells. Our results suggest that PLPs may be used as vaccine adjuvants priming dendritic cells to induce potent T cell responses.     

N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor expression during adult neurogenesis in the rat dentate gyrus

N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors play a crucial role in the regulation of neuronal development during embryogenesis and they also regulate the rate of neurogenesis and proliferation in the adult dentate gyrus. However, the mechanism by which they influence these processes is not fully understood. NMDA receptors seem to be functional in hippocampal precursor cells and recently generated granule neurons, although there is no anatomical correlate of these physiological observations. We have analyzed the expression of the NMDA receptor subunits NR1 and NR2B in precursor cells and recently generated granule neurons of the adult rat dentate gyrus, using 5'bromodeoxyuridine, green fluorescent protein-retrovirus and immunohistochemistry. Our results indicate that NR1 and NR2B are expressed in some proliferating cells of the adult subgranular zone. These receptors are absent from transiently amplifying progenitors (type 2-3 cells) but they are found in glial fibrillar acidic protein expressing cells in the subgranular zone, suggesting its presence in bipotential (type-1) precursor cells. NR1 and NR2B are rarely found in granule cells younger than 60 h. By contrast, many granule cells generated 14 days before killing express both NMDA receptor subunits. These results demonstrate that adult hippocampal neurogenesis may be regulated by NMDA receptors present in precursor cells and in differentiating granule neurons, although these receptors are probably not located on synapses. However, an indirect effect through NMDA receptors located in other cell types should not be excluded.     

Androgen receptor amplification is associated with increased cell proliferation in prostate cancer

Mechanisms of prostate cancer progression during hormonal therapy and the pathobiologic consequences of androgen receptor (AR) gene amplification are inadequately known. To further investigate the hypothesis that AR gene amplification is associated with increased cell proliferation, we analyzed 123 paraffin-embedded prostate cancer specimens from men who experienced tumor relapse during androgen withdrawal therapy. We used fluorescence in situ hybridization to quantify AR gene copy number and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry to determine cell proliferation. One third of the tumors showed AR gene amplification. Among tumors with AR amplification, the mean cell proliferation rate was 19.8 (SD, 12.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 15.4-24.1), whereas it was 13.0 (SD, 15.9; 95% CI, 9.1-16.8) in tumors without amplification (P = .032). In the best fitting logistic regression model, only proliferation remained significant (P = .040). When the median Ki-67 labeling index (6.7%) of all tumors was used as a cutoff point, the tumors with AR amplification were more frequently highly proliferating than tumors with no amplification (P = .010; odds ratio, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.4-8.3). Our results imply that progression of prostate cancer during androgen withdrawal therapy is associated with AR gene amplification and increased cell proliferation rate in one third of tumors. We suggest that AR gene amplification is an important molecular mechanism underlying the increase in proliferation rate of a substantial fraction of recurrent prostate carcinomas. However, efforts should be targeted to develop prostate cancer cell lines to study causal relationships between AR gene amplification and various biologic variables.     

rhTGF-β1及转染TGF-β1基因对兔角膜内皮细胞增殖的影响

目的： 探讨不同浓度的重组人转化生长因子-β₁(rhTGF-β₁)及TGF-β₁基因转染对体外培养兔角膜内皮细胞增殖的影响。方法: 用MTT法检测不同浓度rhTGF-β₁作用下角膜内皮细胞的增殖。用脂质体介导转染方法，将TGF-β₁基因转移入培养的兔角膜内皮细胞，HE染色法观察细胞组织形态学变化；ELISA法检测转染细胞培养上清中TGF-β₁表达量；流式细胞仪检测细胞生长周期变化；DNA电泳法检测转染细胞凋亡情况。结果: MTT检测示5-20 μg/L rhTGF-β1抑制角膜内皮细胞增殖；0.5-1 μg/L组对增殖无影响；0.05~0.1 μg/L组促进细胞增殖。TGF-β₁基因转染细胞形态无明显异常，细胞培养上清中TGF-β₁的浓度约为(98±3)ng/L。流式细胞仪检测示，基因转染组S期和G₂/M期细胞比例减少、PI值降低，但加入EGF后细胞生长基本正常。DNA电泳检测示基因转染组未见凋亡带。结论: rhTGF-β₁对角膜内皮细胞增殖的影响具有剂量依赖性；TGF-β₁基因转染影响角膜内皮细胞增殖、但不诱发凋亡，其抑制作用可被外源性EGF拮抗。