武汉市603例炎症性肠病并发症的临床调查

目的:分析武汉市炎症性肠病(IBD)并发症的临床特点,探讨其与病变程度、范围及治疗方式的关系。方法:回顾性收集1990-2005年武汉市5家医院经结肠镜及病理诊断为IBD病例共603例,其中溃疡性结肠炎(UC)521例,克罗恩病(CD)82例,分别观察各种并发症的发生频率及并发症与其他因素的关系。UC与CD间的差异及相关分析用χ2检验。结果:521例UC中,并发症34例(6.5%),82例CD中,并发症40例(48.8%)。重度UC和全结肠炎患者中并发症的发生率显著高于非重度和远端结肠炎患者(分别25.8%比3.9%,12.8%比4.9%,P<0.01)。有并发症的CD患者的手术史发生率显著高于无并发症患者(57.5%比14.3%,P<0.01),但CD病变范围与并发症的发生无相关性(P>0.05)。结论:CD并发症的发生率高于UC。UC的并发症与疾病病变程度和范围有关,而CD与手术方式有关。     

常通口服液对炎症因子参与大鼠肠粘连的影响

目的:观察常通口服液对术后粘连大鼠血液中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α),转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1),白细胞介素-1β、4、6、10(IL-1β、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10)水平的影响.方法:选用SD雄性大鼠,随机分为6组:正常对照组、模型对照组、四磨汤组及常通口服液低、中、高剂量组.除正常对照组外,其余大鼠均制备成肠粘连模型.各组于术后第7天取血,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定细胞因子水平;同时用肉眼观察法进行粘连程度肉眼分级.结果:常通口服液能显著减轻模型大鼠的肠粘连程度,降低术后肠粘连大鼠血清中致炎细胞因子TNF-α、IL-1β、TGF-β1、IL-6水平.但对抗炎细胞因子IL-4、IL-10水平无影响.结论:本实验为术后粘连临床疗效评价指标筛选提供了实验依据.     

谷氨酰胺强化肠内营养对炎症性肠病幼鼠模型结肠黏膜细胞凋亡作用的研究

目的 探讨谷氨酰胺强化肠内营养对炎症性肠病（IBD）幼鼠模型肠黏膜细胞凋亡的调控及促进黏膜愈合的作用。方法 将80只4~5周龄Sprague-Dawley雄性大鼠随机分为空白对照组、IBD模型组、短肽组和短肽+谷氨酰胺（Gln）组,每组20只。采用一次性结肠灌注三硝基苯磺酸建立IBD模型,造模3 d后,短肽组给予短肽制剂（100 mL/kg）,短肽+Gln组给予短肽制剂（100 mL/kg）+Gln（0.5 g/kg）,干预1周。实验结束后观察幼鼠的一般情况,并留取肠黏膜,苏木素-伊红（HE）染色观察肠黏膜组织病理情况;RTPCR法检测肠黏膜凋亡调控基因（bax、bcl-2）及凋亡信号转导因子（Caspase-3、Caspase-9）的表达;Westernblot法检测结肠黏膜IGF-1表达水平。结果 IBD模型组一般情况均较其他组差,短肽+Gln组一般情况优于IBD模型组和短肽组。模型组bax mRNA表达水平高于空白对照组、短肽组和短肽+Gln组（P < 0.05）;bcl-2、Caspase-3、Caspase-9 mRNA水平在各组比较差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。短肽组IGF-1水平明显高于短肽+Gln组、空白对照组及IBD模型组（P < 0.05）。结论 Gln强化肠内营养能有效改善IBD模型幼鼠的一般营养状况,但在抑制结肠黏膜细胞凋亡及刺激结肠黏膜IGF-1合成方面并未优于专一肠内营养。     

Differential effects of cadmium administration on peripheral blood granulocytes in rats

Infiltration of circulatory inflammatory cells is a common histopathological finding in target organs following cadmium administration, but there is paucity of data concerning their activity. In this study, the effects of sublethal (1 mg/kg) cadmium on peripheral blood polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells were examined 48 h following administration in rats, when tissue (liver and lung) infiltration of these cells was observed. Cadmium administration resulted in systemic inflammatory cytokine and acute phase response with an increase in circulatory neutrophil numbers and cells that express CD11b molecules. Rise in basic aspects of oxidative activity including intracellular myeloperoxidase (MPO), reactive oxygen (nitroblue tetrazolium/NBT cytochemical assay) and nitrogen (Griess assay) species production was observed in PMNs from cadmium-administered rats. A decrease in levels of mRNA for IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 was noted, but production of these cytokines was affected differentially. Described effects of cadmium on PMNs add further to the understanding of inflammatory potential of this environmental contaminant.     

炎症因子用于早期预测妊娠期糖尿病的研究进展

妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)是指在妊娠期发生或首次发现的不同程度的糖耐量异常或糖尿病,对母亲及胎儿的危害很大,早期发现其危险因子,并进行早期诊断和干预,来预防、减少GDM及其并发症的发生值得关注和研究。炎症因子在GDM发生中的作用一直是研究的热点之一,本文将综述用炎症因子指标对GDM进行早期预测的研究进展。     

Hepatocellular adenoma: Classification,variants and clinical relevance

Hepatocellular adenomas are benign tumors with two major complications, bleeding and malignant transformation. The overall narrative of hepatocellular adenoma has evolved over time. Solitary or multiple hepatocellular developing in the normal liver of women of child bearing age exposed to oral contraceptives still represents the most frequent clinical context, however, new associations are being recognized. Hepatocellular adenoma is discovered on a background of liver diseases such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, vascular diseases, and alcoholic cirrhosis. Hepatocellular adenoma is also reported in men, young or older adults, and even in infants. On the morpho-molecular side, the great leap forward was the discovery that hepatocellular adenoma was not a single entity and that at least 3 different subtypes exist, with specific underlying gene mutations. These mutations affect the HNF1A gene, several genes leading to JAK/STAT3 pathway activation and the CTNNB1 gene. All of them are associated with more or less specific histopathological characteristics and can be recognized using immunohistochemistry either with specific antibodies or with surrogate markers. Liver pathologists and radiologists are the key actors in the identification of the different subtypes of hepatocellular adenoma by the recognition of their specific morphological features. The major impact of the classification of hepatocellular adenoma is to identify subjects who are at higher risk of malignant transformation. With the development of new molecular technologies, there is hope for a better understanding of the natural history of the different subtypes, and, particularly for their mechanisms of malignant transformation.     

Infliximab induces remission in cryptogenic multifocal ulcerous stenosing enteritis:First case

We present the case of a 29-year-old patient with a history of abdominal pain and vomiting.Based on wireless video capsule findings he was previously diagnosed with ileal Crohn’s disease at a different institution,although the clinical and radiological picture was not typical and the response to corticosteroids was poor.We performed a single-balloon enteroscopy showing a short,ulcerous stenosis 50 cm proximal from Bauhin’s valve.The endoscopic and clinical histopathological findings were compatible with cryptogenic multifocal ulcerous stenosing enteritis(CMUSE).High dose corticosteroids were again started,without effect.The monoclonal tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) antibody infliximab was added to the medical therapy.After induction therapy,both clinical and endoscopic amelioration was obtained.Larger case studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of TNF-α inhibition in steroid refractory CMUSE.