输尿管结石合并糖尿病引发感染性休克16例临床分析

目的探讨输尿管结石合并糖尿病引起感染性休克的治疗方法。方法回顾性分析2005年1月～2009年1月16例输尿管结石合并糖尿病致感染性休克患者的资料,经抗感染、抗休克等治疗1～2天,休克基本纠正(无需升压药维持,收缩压90mmHg),空腹血糖11mmol/L后,行输尿管镜治疗,配合钬激光、气压弹道碎石取石,并留置双J管引流。结果 16例治疗均获成功,14例一期碎石并取净结石,2例二期体外碎石,无手术并发症。术后当日体温、生命体征均恢复正常;术后5～7天白细胞恢复正常;术后1～4周B超肾积水有不同程度的缓解(无积水5例,轻度积水7例,中度积水3例,重度积水1例),输尿管扩张5～10mm,平均8.2mm;6例伴发肾功能不全者,血肌酐5例术后1周内恢复正常,1例术后4周恢复正常。16例随访2～4周,未见感染、结石残留。结论对糖尿病合并输尿管结石引发感染性休克的患者,应在积极抗感染、抗休克后,及早采取输尿管镜手术治疗。     

Toxic Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile colitis: No longer a diarrhea associated infection

BackgroundClostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is traditionally taught to be an antibiotic associated diarrheal infection. This diagnosis is based on the presence of clinical symptoms (usually defined as more than 3 watery, loose or unformed stool within 24 h) coupled with a diagnostic test. There is now a new presentation of CDI, including progression to toxic megacolon, in patients without diarrhea.MethodsWe report a case series of 9 surgical patients from a single institution who developed CDI without preceding diarrhea.ResultAll 9 patients had CDI with positive laboratory testing for C. difficile toxin. They, however, presented with a lack of or minimal bowel movements. Six patients had rapid development of abdominal distention, 1 patient had a single episode of watery stool in 3 days, while the other 2 patients presented with constipation. Seven patients received stool softeners, suppositories and/or enemas for presumed constipation. Four patients had a mild course of infection and were successfully treated medically. The other 5 patients developed toxic megacolon, and eventually required total abdominal colectomy. Out of the 5 patients that required total colectomy, 2 expired.ConclusionCDI must be suspected in patients who rapidly develop abdominal distention, vague abdominal complaints or change in bowel function even in the absence of diarrhea, especially if coupled with multi-system organ failure.     

艾灸对直肠癌术后低位前切除综合征相关腹泻的疗效观察

目的:观察艾灸对直肠癌术后低位前切除综合征(LARS) 相关腹泻的临床疗效。方法:选取2019 年3 月—2020年12 月在上海市嘉定区中医医院外科病房就诊的直肠癌术后LARS 相关脾虚型腹泻患者80 例,根据随机数字表法分为对照组和治疗组,每组40 例。对照组口服思密达,1 次/d,每次1 袋,持续治疗2 周;治疗组用艾条温和灸足三里( 双)、关元、神阙,每穴20 min,1 次/d,持续治疗2 周。采用徐氏肛门功能评价、LARS 量表评价、中医症候评价以及临床疗效评价,分别对对照组和治疗组停药后1 周、2 周以及1 个月后的情况进行疗效评估。结果:在干预结束第1 周后,2 组患者在肛门功能、LARS 量表、中医症候评分中差异无统计学意义(P ＞ 0.05);治疗2 周、1 个月后,治疗组的肛门功能评分[(6.15±1.97)分、(9.29±0.58)分] 高于对照组[(3.99±1.48)分、(4.67±1.74)分],差异有统计学意义(P ＜ 0.05);治疗2 周、1 个月后,治疗组的LARS 评分[(15.50±9.61)分、(20.11±9.60)分] 低于对照组[(3.94±5.16)分、(16.85±9.57)分],治疗组的中医症候评分[(6.62±3.95)分、(10.09±4.11)分] 低于对照组[(3.65±2.66)分、(8.83±4.28)分],差异有统计学意义(P ＜ 0.05);在干预结束后,治疗组的有效率为90%,高于对照组的63%,差异有统计学意义(P ＜ 0.05)。结论:艾灸可有效改善直肠癌术后LARS 相关腹泻患者的肠胃功能,且相比于药物,艾灸的疗效更持久,有效提高了患者的脾胃功能,改善了脾虚症状。     

Pre-emptive antibiotic treatment vs ‘standard’ treatment in patients with elevated serum procalcitonin levels after elective colorectal surgery: a prospective randomised pilot study

Background Procalcitonin (PCT) is regarded as a specific indicator of bacterial infection. Infectious complications in patients after colorectal surgery are a common cause of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate (a) whether PCT could serve as a negative predictive marker for postoperative complications and (b) whether, in patients with elevated PCT levels, a pre-emptive treatment with the third-generation cephalosporin ceftriaxone is superior to an antibiotic treatment starting later on the appearance of clinical signs and symptoms of infection.Patients and methods By screening 250 patients with colorectal surgery, we identified 20 patients with PCT serum levels more than 1.5 ng/ml on at least 2 of the first 3 postoperative days. The remaining 230 patients were followed-up for the occurrence of infectious complications. The 20 patients with elevated PCT were included in a prospective randomised pilot study comparing pre-emptive antibiotic treatment with ceftriaxone vs standard treatment.Results The negative predictive value of PCT for systemic infectious complications was 98.3%. In patients receiving pre-emptive antibiotic treatment (ceftriaxone), both the incidence and the severity of postoperative systemic infections were significantly lower compared to those in a control group (Pearson’s χ ² test; p=0.001 and p=0.007, respectively). Major differences were also observed with respect to duration of antibiotic treatment and length of hospital stay.Conclusions PCT is an early marker for systemic infectious complications after colorectal surgery with a high negative predictive value. A significant reduction in the rate of postoperative infections in patients with elevated PCT serum concentrations was achieved by means of pre-emptive antibiotic treatment.     

粪便中A群轮状病毒检测在小儿急性腹泻中的价值

目的：探讨粪便中A群轮状病毒检测在小儿急性腹泻中的价值。方法回顾性分析2013年12月-2015年12月在长春市儿童医院检验科进行A群轮状病毒检测的急性腹泻患儿298例,对检测结果进行分析总结。结果298例急性腹泻患儿中A群轮状病毒阳性率为32.2%,6个月~2岁患儿的阳性率为47.8%,与0~6个月(21.7%),2~5岁(15.9%)相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),0~6个月和2~5岁阳性率相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),男孩患儿阳性率为31.4%,女孩患儿阳性率为29.7%,相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论粪便中A群轮状病毒检测在小儿急性腹泻的诊断中意义重大,值得在临床上推广应用。     

上海市浦东新区2012-2013年病毒性腹泻检测情况分析

目的 了解上海市浦东新区2012-2013年间常见病毒性腹泻的病原学特征,为腹泻病的防控提供依据.方法 收集2012-2013年上海市浦东新区14家监测医院腹泻患者的粪便标本,采用实时荧光定量-聚合酶链式反应(real-time PCR)检测轮状病毒、诺如病毒GⅠ型、诺如病毒GⅡ型、星状病毒、扎如病毒和肠腺病毒.结果 共检测粪便样本4 214份.1 255份样本检出至少1种病毒核酸,核酸阳性检出率为29.78％.轮状病毒、诺如病毒GⅠ型、诺如病毒GⅡ型、扎如病毒、星状病毒以及肠腺病毒的检出率分别为7.6％、1.4％、18.6％、1.6％、1.5％和1.1％.各年龄组均有病毒检出,其中年龄最小的为1岁,最大为92岁,分别为感染轮状病毒和诺如病毒.病毒性腹泻感染不存在男女差异,但不同年龄组的病毒性腹泻感染有差异.不同病毒病原的感染存在不同的高峰期,但主要集中在秋冬季.结论 诺如病毒和轮状病毒是浦东地区病毒性腹泻的主要病原.应该加强对病毒性腹泻的监测,尤其是诺如病毒和轮状病毒.     

健脾按摩法配合口服酪酸梭菌活菌散剂对小儿非感染性急性腹泻的干预效果

目的：观察健脾按摩法配合口服酪酸梭菌活菌散剂治疗小儿非感染性腹泻的干预效果。方法选择我院门诊2012年3月～2015年9月期间收治113例非感染性腹泻患儿作为研究对象,对照组（35例）、单纯推拿组（38例）与观察组（40例）。对照组口服酪酸梭菌活菌散剂,单纯推拿组采取健脾按摩法,观察组口服酪酸梭菌活菌散剂联合健脾按摩法,比较三组治疗前后大便次数与大便性状症状积分、IL-6、IL-17、IgA、治愈率、总有效率、不良反应发生率。结果对照组与单纯推拿组治愈率、总有效率比较无统计学意义;观察组治愈率、总有效率分别为82.5%、100.0%,高于对照组与单纯推拿组（均P＜0.05）。三组不良反应发生率及治疗前大便次数、大便性状评分、IL-6、IL-17及IgA水平差异的两两比较无统计学意义;治疗后观察组各项症候评分、IL-6、IL-17水平低于对照组与单纯推拿组,IgA高于对照组与单纯推拿组（均P＜0.05）。结论健脾按摩法配合口服酪酸梭菌活菌散剂治疗小儿非感染性腹泻可调理胃肠菌群,健脾和胃、消食导滞,改善症状与机体消化功能与免疫功能,安全性与患儿接受度高。     

五步推拿法辅治小儿腹泻经验

运用五步推拿法加减辅助内服中药治疗小儿腹泻,据证之虚实运用相应的补泻手法,有促进药物吸收、增强疗效、缩短疗程的作用,而且无痛苦,无毒副作用,患儿容易接受,更宜于服药困难的小儿,并举验案五则以证之。     

合募俞配穴治疗功能性腹泻的疗效及对患者心理的影响

【目的】观察电针合募俞配穴治疗功能性腹泻的临床疗效及其对患者心理的影响。【方法】采用随机对照研究方法将62例功能性腹泻患者随机分为合募俞组32例和药物组30例。合募俞组给予电针合募俞配穴(左右交替取单侧曲池、上巨虚、天枢、大肠俞)治疗,药物组给予口服盐酸洛哌丁胺胶囊治疗。2组均连续治疗4周,比较2组治疗前后总排便次数、粪便性状及焦虑积分的变化情况。【结果】治疗后,2组的周总排便次数、粪便性状、焦虑积分均较治疗前明显改善,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),且合募俞组对改善功能性腹泻患者的周排便次数、粪便性状及焦虑积分方面均优于药物组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。【结论】电针合募俞配穴治疗功能性腹泻的临床疗效及其改善焦虑的效果均优于口服盐酸洛哌丁胺胶囊。     

从足三阴经论治艾滋病相关性腹泻

艾滋病相关腹泻的发生和脾、肾、肝等脏腑功能失调以及气机升降、水液代谢功能失常密切相关,其证候可分为脾胃虚弱证、脾肾阳虚证、肠道湿热证,在艾滋病相关性腹泻的临床诊疗中,应针对不同的经络脏腑给予不同的药物治疗,以六经辨证为基础,灵活选用经方。