分化诱导剂联合雄激素或小剂量化疗药物治疗骨髓增生异常综合征

报道３６例骨髓增生异常综合征（ＭＤＳ）的治疗效果。原始细胞不增多的ＭＤＳ（ＲＡ和ＲＡＳ）１７例，以雄激素丙酸睾丸素或康力龙联合分化诱导剂全反式维甲酸和１，２５（ＯＨ）２Ｄ３治疗，部分病例尚加用小剂量强的松；原始细胞增多的ＭＤＳ（ＲＡＥＢ、ＣＭＭＬ及ＲＡＥＢＴ）１９例，以小剂量阿糖胞苷或／和小剂量阿克拉霉素化疗并联用分化诱导剂。前组的有效率为７０．６％，基本缓解率为２９．４％，后组的有效率为５７．９％，完全缓解（ＣＲ）率为３６．８％，两组的总有效率为６３．９％。５例取得基本缓解的ＲＡ和ＲＡＳ目前都处于缓解期，已６个月～１６个月；７例ＣＲ的ＲＡＥＢ和ＲＡＥＢＴ３例于ＣＲ后６个月～１２个月转为急性白血病，另４例仍处于ＣＲ中，已３个月～５２个月。认为根据ＭＤＳ患者的类型予不同的药物联合治疗可取得较好的疗效。     

Differenzierung und Charakterisierung von humanpathogenen Hefen (Candida albicans,Exophiala dermatitidis) und tierpathogenen Algen (Prototheca spp.) mittels Fourier-Transform-Infrarot-Spektroskopie (FT-IR) im Vergleich zu konventionellen Methoden

Zusammenfassung. Die Fourier-Transform-Infrarot-Spektroskopie (FT-IR) erwies sich als eine geeignete und effiziente Methode für diagnostische und epidemiologische Bestimmungen bei den Hefen Candida albicans, Exophicla dermalitidis und chlorophyllosen Algen der Gattung Prototheca aufgrund eindeutig abgrenzbarer IR-Spektren stammspezifischer Merkmale. FT-IR führt schnell und ökonomisch zu reproduzierbaren Ergebnissen. Unterschiedliche Genera, Spezies und Subspezies bzw. differierende Stämme können anhand spektraler Unterschiede kompletter Zellen (IR-Fingerprints) in eindeutige Cluster und Subcluster eingeordnet werden. Die FT-IR-Analysen bei Candida albicans-Isolaten (n = 150) von 22 Risikoneugeborenen einer Intensivstation ergaben, daß 86% der Kinder mit mehreren (2–4) unterschiedlichen Stämmen in Mundhöhle und Faeces besiedelt waren. Stationäre Kreuzinfektionen ließien sich eindeutig nachweisen. Summary. Due to the Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscop)- (FT-IR) of strain specific traits demonstrated t o be a suitable and efficient method for diagnostic and epidemiological determinations for the yeasts Candida albicans, Exophiala dermatitidis and the chlorophylless algae of the genus Prototheca. FT-IR leads in a rapid and economical way to reproducible results according to the spectral differences of intact cells (IR-fingerprints). Different genera, species and sub-species respective13 different strains can be recognized and grouped into different clusters arid subclusters. The FT-IK analysis of Cundida albicans isolates (n = 150) of 22 nekvborns-at-risk of an intensive care unit sholvcd, that 86% of the children were colonised with seiwal (2–4) different strains in the oral cavities and faeces. Stationary cross-infections could definitely be determined. Erofihiala dumatitidis isolates (n = 31), mostly isolatcd repetitixdy within a period of 3 years from sputa of patients suffering from cystic fibrosis could be characterized and grouped patient-specificically over the total sampling period. Of 6 from 8 patients (75 %) their indi{idual strains remain the same and could be tracked over thr three years. Cross-infections during the stationary treatment could be clearly identified by FT-IR. Thr Protorheca isolate (n = 43) from live-stock and farm environment showed clear distinguishable clustrrs differrntiating the species 2 wickerhamii, P Zopji and Pstagnoru. In addition, the biotypes ofP'opji could bc distinguished, especially the subclusters of variants I1 and 111. It could be demonstrated, that FT-IR is suitable for the routine identification and differentiation of yeasts and algae. However. in spite of the gain of knowledge by using F7-IR for the characterization of microorganisms, the conventional phenotyping and/or genetic analysis of cast or algae strains cannot be replaced completely For a final taxonomic classification a combination of conventional methods on FT-IR together with more sophisticated molecular genetic procedures is necessary.     

急性脑梗塞患者血管内皮细胞活性因子的变化和活血化瘀对其影响的临床观察

为探讨急性脑梗塞中医不同证型与血管内皮细胞的关系，以及活血化阏对其影响。方法对２０名健康得及６６例ＡＣＩ偏虚证和偏实证患者检测了血浆纤缩溶解系统，前列环素系统以及第Ⅷ因子相关抗原等的水平。     

匀气汤对返流性食管炎患者食管粘膜形态及食管动力学的影响

目的：观察匀气汤对返流性食管炎患者食管膜形态及食管动力学的影响。方法：４２例返流性食管炎患者，按照中医辨证分为肝胃不和、脾胃虚寒（ＤＣ组）和肝胡化热（Ｈ组）３个证型组。分别以匀气汤Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ号进行４周治疗。治疗前后计算症状积分，检查胃镜并测定食管动力学变化。结果：（１）症状绘解率８１．１％，其中Ｄ组症状缓解率低下Ⅰ组和Ｈ组；（２）食管粘膜治愈率６１．１％，有效率９０．５％，无效率９．５％，治愈率     

维甲类化合物Ro13-7410对HL-60细胞的作用

目的：探讨合成的第三代维甲类化合物（Ｅ）４［２５，６，７，８ｔｅｔｒａｈｙｄｒｏ５，５，８，８ｔｅｔｒａｍｅｔｈｙｌ２ｎａｐｈｔｈａｌｅｎｙｌ１ｐｒｏｐｅｎｙｌ］ｂｅｎｚｏｉｃａｃｉｄ（Ｒｏｌ３７４１０）对白血病细胞ＨＬ６０的影响。方法：采用ＮＢＴ还原能力测定检测细胞分化，电镜和程序性细胞死亡检测试剂盒（ＰＣＤａｓａｙｋｉｔ）鉴别凋亡细胞，Ｆｕｒａ２／ＡＭ荧光法测定胞浆内Ｃａ２＋浓度，ＰＣＲＥＬＩＳＡ试剂盒检测端粒酶活性，流式细胞术测定细胞周期分布。结果：Ｒｏｌ３７４１０诱导ＨＬ６０细胞分化的同时伴随细胞凋亡的发生。在ＨＬ６０细胞凋亡和分化的过程中胞浆内Ｃａ２＋浓度增高，端粒酶活性明显受抑，多数细胞被阻止在Ｇ２／Ｍ期。结论：Ｒｏｌ３７４１０可诱导ＨＬ６０细胞凋亡和分化的同时发生。胞浆内Ｃａ２＋浓度的增高，端粒酶活性的降低以及细胞周期的阻止与细胞凋亡和分化的诱导有关     

灰毡毛忍冬的生药学研究

目的：为灰毡毛忍冬的鉴别，开发利用提供依据。方法：采用来源、性状、显微、理化对其鉴别。结果：首次系统阐明了灰毡毛忍冬的生药学理论。结论：为制订灰毡毛忍冬质量标准提供依据。     

盐酸克伦特罗体外抑制大鼠胚胎肢芽细胞增殖和分化的研究

目的探讨盐酸克伦特罗对大鼠胚胎肢芽细胞的影响。方法采用大鼠胚胎肢芽细胞培养方法,观察盐酸克伦特罗对大鼠胚胎肢芽细胞增殖和分化的影响。结果盐酸克伦特罗对大鼠胚胎肢芽细胞增殖、分化均有抑制作用;细胞增殖:y^=0.507-0.000 7x,r=-0.949(P<0.01);细胞分化:y^=87.63-0.286x,r=-0.945(P<0.01),存在明显的剂量—反应关系,并呈显著性负相关;胚胎肢芽细胞半数抑制细胞增殖浓度(IP50)为0.34μg/L,半数抑制分化浓度(ID50)为0.09μg/L,IP50/ID50=3.78。结论盐酸克伦特罗可抑制大鼠胚胎肢芽细胞增殖和分化作用。     

Targeted disruption of GAP-43 in P19 embryonal carcinoma cells inhibits neuronal differentiation. As well as acquisition of the morphological phenotype

GAP-43 is expressed in proliferating neuroblasts in vivo and in vitro, but its role during early neurogenesis has not been investigated. Here we show that neuroectodermal differentiation stimulated by retinoic acid (RA) in the embryonal carcinoma (EC) line P19 is accompanied by upregulation of GAP-43 expression in neuroepithelial precursor cells. In contrast, when upregulation of GAP-43 expression was prevented in 3 independent P19 lines because of a targeted insertion into the gene, generation of neuroepithelial precursors was inhibited. Consequently, neuronal number was significantly decreased, neuronal morphology was abnormal and fewer than 20% of all neurons were able to initiate neuritogenesis. Extracellular matrix (ECM) was unable to rescue initiation of neuritogenesis in the mutant cells, however those neurites that were extended responded normally to ECM-stimulated neurite outgrowth-promoting signals. These data suggest that GAP-43 function is required for commitment to a neuronal phenotype as well as initiation of neurite extension. However, stimulation of neurite outgrowth by ECM in P19s occurs independently of GAP-43.     

干细胞因子对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞增殖与分化的影响

目的　探讨干细胞因子 (StemCellFactor ,SCF)促进骨髓间充质干细胞 (MSCs)增殖及促进其向心肌细胞分化的作用。方法　SCF对MSCs预处理 ,流式细胞术测定第 4代MSCs的细胞周期 ,DAPI -MSCs在体外模拟的心肌微环境下培养。用数码显微摄像及免疫荧光技术分别记录和检测心肌特异性肌节肌球蛋白重链 (MHCα/β)、肌钙蛋白T(TroponinT ,TnT)的表达 ,分析MSCs向心肌细胞分化的百分率。结果　实验组的G0 /G1期细胞百分率均显著低于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,S期、G2 /M期细胞百分率及PI值均显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 1)。在共培养的第 2、3、4、5d ,SCF组表达MHC的DAPI -MSCs阳性百分率分别为 (1 96± 0 3 3 ) %、(4 76±0 3 2 ) %、(5 15± 0 42 ) %、(8 5 2± 0 45 ) % ,显著高于对照组的 (0 5 2± 0 2 1) %、(1 2 5± 0 47) %、(1 75± 0 2 8) %、(3 64± 0 3 2 ) % (P<0 0 1) ;在共培养的第 3、4、5d表达TnT的DAPI -MSCs阳性百分率分别为 (1 10± 0 15 ) %、(2 64± 0 18) %、(5 43± 0 2 4) %均显著高于对照组的 0、(1 2 7± 0 13 ) %、(1 3 2± 0 2 5 ) % (P <0 0 1)。结论　SCF对MSCs具有促增殖、促分化的作用。     

尺骨和股骨原发软骨样副脊索瘤(附病例报告)

目的探讨软骨样副脊索瘤的临床病理学特征及其与原发或转移性肿瘤的鉴别诊断。方法对2例原发于尺骨和股骨的软骨样副脊索瘤标本,通过光镜、免疫组化病理组织学观察和会诊及病理读片讨论会等方法进行研究。结果组织学特征为:肿瘤大部分由脊索瘤细胞和小部分软骨肉瘤细胞两种成分构成,呈大小不等的小叶状排列;小叶边缘为软骨样小梁或纤维性间隔;脊索瘤小叶内瘤细胞呈巢片状、小梁状或岛状排列,细胞大小不一,核较小而深染,核异型性不明显,胞质丰富呈大空泡状,间质为淡蓝色或粉染的粘液样物质;软骨样肉瘤小叶内可见具有软骨陷窝的双核和单核细胞,间质为透明的软骨基质和/或粘液样基质,构成了典型的软骨肉瘤图像。免疫组化(ABC法):EMA、CK、S-100蛋白、波形蛋白、NSE染色均呈阳性,Desmin、CD34均为阴性。会诊和读片讨论会均确诊为软骨样副脊索瘤。结论原发于尺、股骨的软骨样副脊索瘤非常罕见,常规HE染色很难确诊,免疫组化有助于明确诊断。