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51.
目的:研究和探索胚胎小鼠肝脏细胞的横向分化潜能。方法:将2×103 C57BL/6j雄性胚胎小鼠的肝脏Sca-1+细胞从尾静脉注射到受致死性γ射线(10 Gy, 60Co)全身照射的同种成年雌性小鼠体内;于移植后2个月, 用荧光原位杂交和免疫组织化学技术, 检测雄性胚胎小鼠肝脏Sca-1+细胞在雌性受体小鼠肾脏和脑组织内的分化情况。结果:在雌性受体小鼠的肾脏和脑组织内, 分别检测到Y染色体阳性的供体来源的肾小管上皮组织细胞样和神经组织细胞样的细胞, 其细胞表型分别为RCA+/CD-45F-4/80和NueN+/CD-45F-4/80。结论:胚胎小鼠肝脏Sca-1+细胞具有向肾脏和脑组织细胞横向分化的能力。 相似文献
52.
Sundström J Pelliniemi LJ Salminen E Pöllänen P Abdelwahid E Veräjänkorva E Söderström KO 《Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology》2000,436(6):608-616
To study the effects of etoposide on experimental testicular teratoma in 129/SvJ mouse we analysed the tumour growth, differentiation,
apoptosis and the localisation of mdr1 P-glycoprotein (mdr1-Pgp). In this model the implanted gonadal ridges developed into testicular teratomas in 17 out of 56 implanted testes (30%)
and in 14 out of 28 mice (50%). The tumour-bearing mice were treated with etoposide on 4 successive days either 4 weeks or
6 weeks after implantation, and killed 7 days after the last dose. The mice in the control groups did not receive etoposide.
The teratomas consisted mainly of neural tissue. The etoposide-treated 4-week teratomas, but not the 6-week teratomas, were
significantly smaller than those in the corresponding control groups. The density of apoptotic cells and the distribution
of the mdr1-Pgp were not altered by etoposide. The decreased proportion of immature neuroectodermal tissue components was observed in
all treated teratomas, converting the histology towards that of a mature teratoma. In addition, a low proportion of immature
tissue components was frequently combined with a low density of apoptotic cells. In conclusion, etoposide decreased the immature
tissue components of teratomas, while mature tissues remained unaffected. These results may have clinical relevance in man,
since they confirm that postchemotherapy mature teratomas cannot be treated with chemotherapy. Despite benign histology, the
human residual tumours have a significant malignant potential and require complete surgical excision and close surveillance.
Received: 20 August 1999 / Accepted: 20 January 2000 相似文献
53.
Summary Two groups of experiments were carried out. In the first group, grafts of quail mesoderm whose presumptive fate was to form somites or heart tissues, were taken from quail embryos (stage 4–5 of Hamburger and Hamilton 1951) and inserted beneath the ectoderm of chick embryos of stage 3–4 immediately lateral to the primitive streak. Whilst most grafts contributed to the somites and/or the heart, 22 out of a total of 46 were found to have contributed also to the pharyngeal endoderm. Although three of these grafts were known to have included some quail endoderm cells, the remainder were considered to consist of mesoderm alone. It is concluded that mesoderm at the primitive streak stages is still capable of forming endoderm.In the second group of experiments, grafts of quail somites (stage 10–14) were inserted beneath the ectoderm of chick embryos of stage 3–4. In 18 out of 23 cases the graft cells were found in somitic tissue, but they were also found in the endoderm (4 specimens), lateral plate (3 specimens) and endothelium (4 specimens). It is concluded that even at stages 10–14, the somite-derived cells are still not completely determined to form somite derivatives. In those cases where the grafted somites differentiated further, sclerotome cells which migrated from them did not necessarily move towards the host notochord. 相似文献
54.
B-lymphocytes or B-cells form a diverse and flexible repertoire of immune cells that are reactive to almost all potential pathogens by means of the production of antigen-specific immunoglobulins. They can be divided into different populations or subsets, characterised by a distinct combination of properties. These subsets are identified on the base of their differentiation status (precursor B-cells, peripheral B-cells), their localisation in the micro-anatomical compartments of the B-cell follicle (marginal zone B-cells, lymphocytic corona B-cells, follicle centre B-cells), and the developmental lineage to which they belong (B-1 cells, and B-2 or conventional B-cells). The latter classification of B-cells into B-1 cells and B-2 cells is commonly followed by immunologists, mainly in the study of mice models, while pathologists and haematologists tend to use a terminology for B-cells which refers to their localisation in the micro-anatomical compartments of the B-cell follicle and/or differentiation status. In this review, we will discuss the various subsets of B-cells and point to the similarities between the various classification systems in use. 相似文献
55.
柴中元 《山东中医药大学学报》1986,(1)
<正> 凡言之悖理显然者,人多能辨,无须琐琐。若似是而实非,似真而实伪,则最易误人。《温病条辨》中类此者颇多,今人又多遵信而不疑,故本文为辨伪、察讹,抉其论药失真、用药好奇一端,作为举隅之谈。一、论药失真 1.谓凉药性温“上焦篇”十六条说:太阴温病,发疹者,“禁升麻、柴胡、当归、防 相似文献
56.
57.
58.
Summary The electric organs of two species of skate have been examined morphologically, physiologically and biochemically. They can be easily dissociated into innervated or denervated component electrocytes by a Torpedo Ringer's solution containing 1% collagenase. Collagenase treatment did not, however, separate the Schwann cell cover capping the synaptosomes. Isolated electrocytes generate normal MEPP frequencies and show evoked responses for two days in Torpedo Ringer's. The nerve terminals retain excitability and transmitter release properties up to the time of separation. Since isolated terminals and denervated electrocytes show normal ultrastructural characteristics for up to 12 h, the skate electric organ provides several preparations which are not attainable with Torpedo tissue. Acetylcholine (ACh) content of supernatant fractions containing the synaptosomes was comparable to that found in Torpedo (sps.). Collagenase specifically eliminates the basal lamina associated with the synaptic junctional region. Neuronal cell death and synaptic terminal degeneration were also noted in the adult organs of both species. The skate electric organ is ideally suited for the study of cholinergic development and transmission. 相似文献
59.
The production of biochemical markers associated with the osteoblastic phenotype, and accompanying changes in the expression of voltage-operated Ca2+ channels, have been examined in rat bone marrow stromal cell cultures treated with dexamethasone (10-8 M). Whole cell clamp analysis of voltage-operated Ca2+ channels in control cultures (using Ba2+ as the charge carrier) revealed primarily a high voltage-activated (HVA), slowly inactivating current, which was enhanced two- to threefold by treatment of the cells with Bay K 8644 (300 nM) and inhibited by nifedipine (4 M). In dexamethasone-treated cultures, the I–V relationship for inward current was shifted to more positive potentials in comparison with control cells. Most cells in these cultures possessed both the HVA current and also a faster inactivating, low-voltage-activated (LVA), nifedepineresistant current. These two currents could be separated both by nifedipine and by the use of steady state inactivation of the LVA current. The two components of the Ba2+ current varied widely in their relative size. The combination of LVA and HVA currents seen in dex-induced stromal cells resembles records of voltage-operated Ca2+ channels from cultures of calvarial osteoblasts. 相似文献
60.
An early common element during anterior-posterior axis formation amongst amniotes is the primitive streak, running longitudinally in the two-layered embryonic disc. In mammals the primordium of this transient structure is the first definite morphological sign of the anterior-posterior axis, while in avian embryos the axis is visible and apparently defined earlier. Here we scrutinize suggestions that in mammals also there are earlier signs of axis formation by using correlative low and high-resolution light microscopy on tissues from rabbit embryos at 6.3 and 6.5 days post-conception, i.e. immediately before and after primitive streak formation. A series of semithin sections were cut from resin-embedded embryonic discs that had been photographed previously at low power. In embryos at 6.5-days post-conception the primitive streak is as long as up to half the diameter of the embryonic disc, extending anteriorly from a thickening, here called the posterior node, at the posterior margin, which contains the first mesoderm cells ingressing from the epiblast. On both sides of the primitive streak there is a triangular area that appears light in surface views of fixed embryos and correlates with stretches of low-columnar simple epithelium in an otherwise high-columnar pseudostratified epiblast. Within the anterior margin, which has a sharper contour than the rest of the circumference of the embryonic disc, there is a narrow, crescent-shaped dark zone caused by increased cellular height and number in both epiblast and hypoblast. These characteristics of the anterior margin are also found at 6.3 days post-conception, at which stage there is no sign of a primitive streak or a posterior node. The posterior margin, in contrast, is ill-defined in these earlier embryos, or there is a light crescent within the posterior margin, which has the same histological characteristics as the bilateral posterior triangular areas of primitive streak stages. Because the anterior differentiation occurs prior to primitive streak formation and is a sign of both the anterior-posterior and the transverse axes of the embryonic disc, and because some of its histological characteristics are found in primate and human embryos, we propose to name this structure the anterior marginal crescent and to add it to the list of transient structures that gradually establish the principal body axes in mammals. The anterior manifestation of body axes in mammals is thus essentially different from axis development in the avian embryo, where differentiation of these axes is first manifest at the posterior margin.Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Vi 151/1-1); part of the results were presented at the First Joint Meeting of the Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland and of the Anatomische Gesellschaft, Southampton, December 1994, and will be published in abstract form (J Anat, in press) 相似文献