不同浓度地西他滨对破骨细胞分化的影响

目的：探讨不同浓度梯度地西他滨对破骨细胞形成、活性及吸收功能的影响。方法不同浓度地西他滨（0、0.1、0.25和0.5μmol/L）处理单核巨噬（RAW264.7）细胞。通过4’,6?联眯?2?苯基吲哚（4,6?Diamidino?2?phenylindole dihydrochloride, DAPI）染色和微丝绿色荧光探针（F?actin?Trakcer Green）染色后观察F?actin环的形成即破骨细胞轮廓;抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶检测试剂盒检测细胞上清中的抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶活性,骨板吸收实验检测破骨细胞的骨吸收能力;Q?PCR实验检测破骨细胞标志基因抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶（tartrate?resistant acid phosphatase, TRAP）、组织蛋白酶K（cathepsin K, CK）和脊髓基质金属蛋白酶?9（matrix metalloproteinase?9, MMP?9）的mRNA表达。结果不同浓度地西他滨抑制核因子NF?κB配体激活因子（receptor activator of NF?κB ligand, RANKL）诱导RAW264.7细胞形成F?actin环,降低了破骨细胞的TRAP酶活性,抑制了破骨细胞的骨吸收能力,同时也下调了破骨细胞标志基因TRAP、CK和MMP?9的mRNA表达。且随着药物浓度的增高,上述的抑制作用越明显。结论地西他滨抑制破骨细胞形成、活性和骨吸收能力,且这种抑制作用随着药物浓度的增加而逐渐增强。     

脂肪干细胞的研究及应用进展

干细胞在治疗各种疾病方面拥有巨大的潜能。在细胞治疗方面,脂肪干细胞是最有前景的种子细胞之一,其他的还包括胚胎干细胞和诱导的多能干细胞。胚胎干细胞和诱导的多能干细胞都具有多向分化潜能,因而起着举足轻重的作用。但是,胚胎干细胞和诱导的多能干细胞分别受限于伦理学问题及细胞表型的鉴定。脂肪干细胞则不受这些限制,不仅易于获取,而且方便扩增。在不同的诱导条件下,脂肪干细胞能分化为脂肪细胞、成骨细胞、软骨细胞、肌肉细胞、内皮细胞和神经细胞,这些分化潜能可应用于再生医学领域,如：皮肤重建,骨和软骨修复等。本篇综述着重讨论目前脂肪干细胞的分离、分化和治疗应用。     

药物介导的自噬改变对肿瘤细胞放射敏感性的影响

放射治疗诱导的自噬与导致细胞死亡的凋亡起到的作用不同,其具有既可以导致细胞死亡又可以保护细胞生存的双重性。自噬这一过程在放射治疗和辐射毒性中的抗肿瘤效应还不明确。一系列药物试验已经证实诱导或者抑制自噬,直接影响细胞毒性和放射治疗的效果,同时发生的目标性自噬和凋亡似乎进一步增强了放射治疗的抗肿瘤效应。本文就调节放射诱导的自噬在肿瘤细胞中作用的研究进展进行简要综述。     

To switch or not to switch--the opposing roles of TACI in terminal B cell differentiation

The TNF superfamily ligands BAFF and APRIL and their three receptors BAFFR, BCMA, and TACI comprise a network that is critically involved in the development and function of humoral immunity. Failure of this complex system is associated with autoimmune disease, B lymphocyte tumours, and antibody deficiency. While BAFF:BAFFR interactions control peripheral B cell survival and homeostasis, BCMA function seems limited to the survival of long-lived bone marrow plasma cells. The functional activity of the third receptor TACI is, however, ambiguous: while TACI-/- mice predominantly develop autoimmunity and lymphoproliferation, TACI deficiency in humans primarily manifests itself as an antibody deficiency syndrome. An article in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology demonstrates a negative regulation via TACI in human B cells by using TACI specific antibodies. B cell proliferation, class switch recombination, and Ig production induced by various stimuli were inhibited via TACI. Within the BAFF/APRIL network, the expression of the receptors and ligands is spatially, as well as temporally, highly regulated at various stages of B cell development and function. Defining the exact contribution of TACI stimulation by specific triggers in vitro enables us to better understand the complex, context-dependent responses initiated by TACI in vivo.     

Beta-selection: abundance of TCRbeta-/gammadelta- CD44- CD25- (DN4) cells in the foetal thymus

Expression of TCRbeta and pre-TCR signalling are essential for differentiation of CD4- CD8- double negative (DN) thymocytes to the CD4+ CD8+ double-positive (DP) stage. Thymocyte development in adult Rag1, Rag2 or TCRbetadelta-deficient mice is arrested at the DN3 stage leading to the assumption that pre-TCR signalling and beta-selection occur at, and are obligatory for, the transition from DN3 to DN4. We show that the majority of DN3 and DN4 cells that differentiate during early embryogenesis in wild-type mice do not express intracellular (ic) TCRbeta/gammadelta. These foetal icTCRbeta-/gammadelta- DN4 cells were T lineage as determined by expression of Thy1 and icCD3 and TCRbeta DJ rearrangement. In addition, in the foetal Rag1-/- thymus, a normal percentage of DN4 cells were present. In wild-type mice after hydrocortisone-induced synchronisation of differentiation, the majority of DN4 cells that first emerged did not express icTCRbeta/gammadelta, showing that adult thymocytes can also differentiate to the DN4 stage independently of pre-TCR signalling. Pre-TCR signalling induced expansion in the DN4 population, but lack of TCRbeta/gammadelta expression did not immediately induce apoptosis. Our data demonstrate in vivo differentiation from DN3 to DN4 cell in the absence of TCRbeta/gammadelta expression in the foetal thymus, and after hydrocortisone treatment of adult mice.     

血清CA125、miRNA-139-5p、miRNA-15a水平检测在卵巢癌患者中的临床意义

目的:探讨血清糖类抗原125(CA125)、微小RNA-139-5p(miRNA-139-5p)、微小RNA-15a(miRNA-15a)水平检测在卵巢癌患者中的临床意义。方法:选取74例卵巢癌患者作为卵巢癌组,选取同期74名该院健康体检者作为对照组,比较卵巢癌组与对照组、不同分化程度卵巢癌患者、不同病理分期卵巢癌患者血清CA125、miRNA-139-5p、miRNA-15a水平,分析血清CA125、miRNA-139-5p、miRNA-15a水平与卵巢癌分化程度和病理分期的相关性。结果:卵巢癌组CA125、miRNA-139-5p水平均高于对照组,miRNA-15a水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);卵巢癌低分化患者血清CA125、miRNA-139-5p水平均高于中分化和高分化患者,且中分化患者高于高分化患者;卵巢癌低分化患者miRNA-15a水平低于中分化和高分化患者,且中分化患者低于高分化患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);卵巢癌患者血清CA125、miRNA-139-5p水平随着病理分期升高而升高,即Ⅰ期<Ⅱ期<Ⅲ期<Ⅳ期,卵巢癌患者miRNA-15a水平随着病理分期升高而降低,即Ⅰ期>Ⅱ期>Ⅲ期>Ⅳ期,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Pearson相关性分析结果显示,CA125、miRNA-139-5p水平与卵巢癌分化程度呈负相关,与病理分期呈正相关,miRNA-15a水平与卵巢癌分化程度呈正相关,与病理分期呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论:卵巢癌患者血清CA125、miRNA-139-5p水平升高,miRNA-15a水平降低,且与卵巢癌分化程度、病理分期存在相关性,血清CA125、miRNA-139-5p、miRNA-15a水平可为临床卵巢癌患者诊治提供参考依据。     

心肌细胞裂解液诱导人脂肪基质干细胞分化为心肌样细胞的研究

目的分离培养人脂肪基质干细胞（ASCs），观察心肌细胞裂解液诱导ASCs分化为类心肌细胞的情况。方法人脂肪组织用胶原蛋白酶I消化，贴壁法培养获得ASCs，流式细胞术鉴定其表型，向ASCs培养体系中加入乳鼠心肌细胞裂解液，培养2周后，利用免疫荧光技术和RT—PCR法分析分化后细胞的心肌特异性蛋白和基因的表达情况。结果培养获得ASCs，表型为CD44^＋、CD105^＋、CD31^-、CD45^-。心肌细胞裂解液诱导培养2周后，细胞表达心脏特异性肌钙蛋白T（cTnT）、结蛋白，同时也表达心脏特异性基因cTnT、ANP、aMHC。结论心肌细胞裂解液可在体外诱导ASCs分化为类心肌细胞。     

人髓核细胞诱导人尿源性干细胞向髓核样细胞分化作用的研究

【摘要】 目的：探讨人髓核细胞（NPCs）诱导对人尿源性干细胞（USCs）向髓核样细胞分化的作用。方法：手术时获取腰椎间盘突出症患者L4/5的髓核组织,并采用贴壁法体外分离培养NPCs;从健康成年人尿液中获取USCs并进行体外培养,通过倒置显微镜观察细胞形态,并采用成骨、成脂、成软骨三系诱导分化及蛋白免疫印迹技术（Western blot,WB）对所获取的USCs进行形态、分化潜能及细胞表面标志蛋白鉴定。使用Transwell小室将P3代NPCs与USCs培养以建立共培养体系,设实验组、对照组及NPCs组,实验组为NPCs与USCs共培养组,对照组为单独USCs培养,NPCs组为单独NPCs培养;培养14d后应用倒置显微镜观察细胞形态;应用定量实时聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）及WB分别检测实验组USCs、对照组USCs与NPCs组NPCs中蛋白多糖（ACAN）、SOX-9（SRY-related high mobility groupbox gene 9）、Ⅱ型胶原（COL2）及缺氧诱导因子1α（HIF-1α）的mRNA及蛋白的表达情况;免疫荧光染色观察3组 COL2A1及ACAN荧光表达。结果：培养的USCs成骨、成脂、成软骨三系分化实验结果均为阳性;USCs中干细胞阳性标志物CD29、CD44、CD73和CD90呈高表达,未检出干细胞阴性标志物CD34和CD45。培养14d后倒置显微镜下对照组及NPCs组细胞形态无变化,实验组USCs向髓核样细胞分化,形态变化明显。经共培养诱导14d后实验组及NPCs组中的ACAN、SOX-9、COL2A1及HIF-1α基因mRNA及蛋白表达均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,ACAN及COL2A1荧光强度明显高于对照组;实验组上述各种mRNA及蛋白表达与NPCs组比较均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）,实验组荧光强度与NPCs组比较无明显差异。结论：在体外实验中,人NPCs可通过共培养的方式诱导人USCs分化为髓核样细胞,可为椎间盘组织工程研究提供NPCs来源。