Antitumor effect of i.p. dopamine in mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma

Summary The cancer chemotherapeutic efficacy of dopamine (DA) was evaluated in female strain A mice bearing transplantable Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. The results demonstrated significant inhibition of tumor growth with appreciable increase in the host survival time following DA treatment. Diminished activity of the growth-related respiratory enzyme succinate dehydrogenase along with stimulated activity of the lysosomal enzyme, -glucuronidase in DA-treated tumor cells indicated inhibition of tumor growth as well as active lysis of the tumor cells. The direct effect of this compound on tumor proliferation was demonstrated by marked inhibition of DNA synthesis. RNA synthesis was only marginally inhibited.Abbreviations DA Dopamine - EAC Ehrlich ascites carcinoma - SDH Succinate dehydrogenase - -Glu -glueuronidase - ILS Increase of life span     

Comparison of a traditional paracetamol medication and a new paracetamol/paracetamol-methionine ester combination

Summary The SUR 2647 combination is a sachet formulation containing free paracetamol and its N-acetyl-methionate ester (SUR 2647). In a randomized, single-blind, between-patient study the onset of analgesia, duration and efficacy of the SUR 2647 combination vs paracetamol was investigated in outpatients after oral surgery. One group (n=27) received sachets of SUR 2647 combination 2 b.i.d. (equivalent to 2 g paracetamol ×2) on the day of operation, and one sachet b.i.d. (equivalent to 1 g paracetamol ×2) for the following two days. The other group (n=26) received paracetamol tablets 2 q.i.d. on the day of operation (1 g×4) and one tablet q.i.d. (0.5 g×4) for the following two days. Several objective and subjective assessments, including pain score on a visual analogue scale, were recorded for comparison of the postoperative courses. Median onset of analgesia for both groups was 0.5 h. The duration after SUR 2647 combination was 5.5 h as compared to 2.5 h for paracetamol. Mean pain scores showed that the SUR 2647 combination regime reduced pain significantly more than the paracetamol regime from 0.5 to 3.0 h after initiation of medication. The mean pain scores did not show a significant difference during the remaining observation period. Mild to moderate drowsiness was reported in both treatment groups, but it was more common in subjects given SUR 2647 combination.     

整合“转录组-基因调控网络”探讨白虎加桂枝汤君药石膏的性-效关联内涵

目的 从“性-效”关联角度,采用“转录组-基因调控网络”整合研究策略,系统评价白虎加桂枝汤君药石膏在全方“热者寒之”药效作用中的贡献度和贡献形式。方法 20只雄性Lewis大鼠随机分为4组,每组5只：正常组、佐剂诱导型关节炎（AIA）热证模型组、AIA热证+白虎加桂枝汤组（BHGZT,21.4 g·kg^-1）、AIA热证+白虎加桂枝汤去石膏拆方组（BHGZT-GYP,10.7 g·kg^-1）。利用热痹经典动物模型-AIA热证大鼠来源的转录组表达谱数据,通过“病证基因-药物效应靶标”相互作用网络挖掘,预测石膏在白虎加桂枝汤干预热痹的主要作用环节。基于AIA热证大鼠模型从受累关节情况、关节临床积分、肿胀度、关节表面温度、疼痛阈值、关节损伤等疾病严重指标和病证结合指标情况,以及体内“免疫-炎症”失衡调节层面进行整体验证,并基于体外3T3-L1前脂肪细胞开展体外成脂实验验证。结果 白虎加桂枝汤君药石膏在干预热痹中的主要作用环节是调节机体能量代谢的紊乱和矫正“免疫-炎症”的失衡。动物实验观察可见,白虎加桂枝汤及其去石膏拆方均可显著缓解AIA热证大鼠受累关节红肿、畸变和疼痛等症状（P<0.01）,并抑制受累膝/踝关节损伤、滑膜炎症、骨破坏等病理改变（P<0.05）,且全方作用明显优于去石膏拆方（P<0.05）。机制研究表明,白虎加桂枝汤及其去石膏拆方可显著抑制AIA热证大鼠的胸腺/脾脏损伤和内脏指数（P<0.05）,并降低TLR4、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β及IL-18等炎症因子的表达（P<0.05）。体外3T3-L1前脂肪细胞实验表明,与去石膏拆方组相比,白虎加桂枝汤全方能够更加显著地抑制脂肪细胞成脂,且单纯石膏对脂滴含量的抑制作用显著增强,表明石膏在全方抑制成脂中的重要作用。结论 白虎加桂枝汤君药石膏在全方缓解热痹相关的能量代谢紊乱和矫正“免疫-炎症”失衡中发挥着重要作用,这与其寒药性及其清热泻火的作用特点密切相关。     

中医药随机对照试验中采用真实世界数据作为对照组的研究设计及挑战

在设计随机对照试验（RCT）时,如果对照组存在患者招募和入组困难的情况,就会影响试验整体实施。近年来,真实世界数据（RWD）作为除RCT之外的数据来源,在医疗领域中发挥着越来越重要的作用。中医药RCT中可以尝试采用将RWD作为对照组的研究设计,不仅可以有效解决中医药RCT西医对照组患者入组困难的问题,同时能提供有力证据来评价中医药的疗效。倾向评分法目前已广泛应用于真实世界研究中混杂因素的处理,该文对RCT采用RWD作为对照组的这类设计中,基于倾向评分法常见的4种研究设计形式以实例分别进行了介绍,包括不对称随机分配、基于倾向评分分层法的两阶段设计、倾向评分联合复合似然法及倾向评分多种方法的联合。同时,这种设计类型也存在着方法学的挑战,包括RWD数据源必须是高质量且关键信息需要规范收集、RCT和RWD患者基线特征应该具有可比性、协变量选择时需要把所有已知与干预措施和结局相关的协变量都纳入进行分析等。在中医药领域采用这种设计时,还存在着有些RWD中医证型信息缺失、中医结局指标缺失等问题,在使用RWD时,需要根据数据实际情况决定如何分析。该文对以RWD作为RCT对照组的设计类型及面临的方法学挑战进行了介绍,期望能为研究者今后使用这类设计提供方法学借鉴。     

补肾生血方联合西药治疗再生障碍性贫血早期疗效预测指标

目的：探讨补肾生血方联合西药治疗再生障碍性贫血（AA）早期疗效的预测指标,为中医补肾治法联合西药治疗AA提供预后参考指标。方法：本研究为回顾性研究,选取2018年9月至2021年3月于中国中医科学院西苑医院等19家医院就诊并采用补肾生血方联合西药治疗6个月有效的126例患者,评价其治疗4个月时的疗效,根据治疗4个月时的疗效评价结果将其分为4个月有效组和4个月无效组,分析比较两组患者治疗前在年龄、性别、疾病分型[包括重型AA(SAA)、非重型AA(NSAA)]、病程、骨髓有核细胞增生程度及基线血象水平[包括白细胞（WBC）、中性粒细胞（ANC）、血红蛋白（HGB）、血小板（PLT）、网织红细胞（RET）]、T淋巴细胞及亚群、T-box转录因子（T-bet）、GATA家族转录因子-3(GATA-3)表达水平指标上的差异。结果：4个月有效组在20岁≤年龄<40岁及60岁≤年龄<80岁患者占比较高（P<0.05）;两组患者在性别、疾病分型（SAA/NSAA）、病程、有无合并症等方面均差异无统计学意义。4个月有效患者治疗前HGB、WBC、ANC、PLT基线水平明显高于治疗4个月...     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者提前肝素化的疗效评价及风险观察

目的探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者提前肝素化的疗效及风险。方法选取2019年5月至2020年5月我院收治的160例STEMI患者作为研究对象,随机分为两组各80例。治疗组给予提前肝素化PCI术治疗,对照组给予常规肝素化PCI术治疗。比较两组的TIMI血流分级、不良事件发生率以及治疗前后的症状评分、 LVEF。结果术后,治疗组的TIMI血流0~1级率低于对照组,3级率高于对照组(P <0.05)。治疗后,两组的症状评分均低于治疗前,LVEF水平均高于治疗前(P<0.05);治疗组的症状评分低于对照组,LVEF水平高于对照组(P <0.05)。治疗组的不良事件发生率低于对照组(P <0.05)。结论 PCI术提前肝素化可以提高灌注效果,有效缓解STEMI患者的病情,改善患者心功能,改善预后,且具有较高的安全性。     

Exploratory Efficacy of Calcium-Vitamin D Milk Fortification and Periodontal Therapy on Maternal Oral Health and Metabolic and Inflammatory Profile

In this 2 × 2 factorial, outcome-assessor blinded, feasibility randomised trial we explored the effect of a non-pharmaceutical multi-component intervention on periodontal health and metabolic and inflammatory profiles among pregnant women with periodontitis receiving prenatal care in a Brazilian public health centre. 69 pregnant women (gestational age ≤20 weeks, T0) were randomly allocated into four groups: (1) fortified sachet (vitamin D and calcium) and powdered milk plus periodontal therapy during pregnancy (early PT) (n = 17); (2) placebo sachet and powdered milk plus early PT (n = 15); (3) fortified sachet and powdered milk plus late PT (after delivery) (n = 19); (4) placebo sachet and powdered milk plus late PT (n = 18). Third trimester (T1) and 6–8 weeks postpartum (T2) exploratory outcomes included periodontal health (% sites with bleeding on probing (BOP)), glucose, insulin, C-Reactive Protein, serum calcium and vitamin D. The mean BOP was significantly reduced in the early PT groups, while BOP worsened in the late PT groups. No significant effect of fortification on BOP was observed. Changes in glucose levels and variation on birthweight did not differ among groups This feasibility trial provides preliminary evidence for estimating the minimum clinically important differences for selected maternal outcomes. A large-scale trial to evaluate the interventions’ clinical benefits and cost-effectiveness is warranted.     

Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Prebiotic Enriched Infant Formula—A Randomized Controlled Trial

The present study aims to evaluate the effects of an infant formula supplemented with a mixture of prebiotic short and long chain inulin-type oligosaccharides on health outcomes, safety and tolerance, as well as on fecal microbiota composition during the first year of life. In a prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind study, n = 160 healthy term infants under 4 months of age were randomized to receive either an infant formula enriched with 0.8 g/dL of Orafti^®Synergy1 or an unsupplemented control formula until the age of 12 months. Growth, fever (>38 °C) and infections were regularly followed up by a pediatrician. Digestive symptoms, stool consistency as well as crying and sleeping patterns were recorded during one week each study month. Fecal microbiota and immunological biomarkers were determined from a subgroup of infants after 2, 6 and 12 months of life. The intention to treat (ITT) population consisted of n = 149 infants. Both formulae were well tolerated. Mean duration of infections was significantly lower in the prebiotic fed infants (p < 0.05). The prebiotic group showed higher Bifidobacterium counts at month 6 (p = 0.006), and higher proportions of Bifidobacterium in relation to total bacteria at month 2 and 6 (p = 0.042 and p = 0.013, respectively). Stools of infants receiving the prebiotic formula were softer (p < 0.05). Orafti^®Synergy1 tended to beneficially impact total daily amount of crying (p = 0.0594). Supplementation with inulin-type prebiotic oligosaccharides during the first year of life beneficially modulates the infant gut microbiota towards higher Bifidobacterium levels at the first 6 months of life, and is associated with reduced duration of infections.     

头孢他啶/阿维巴坦治疗革兰阴性菌感染疗效和安全性的Meta分析

 目的 评价头孢他啶/阿维巴坦（CAZ/AVI）治疗革兰阴性菌感染的疗效与安全性。方法 检索国内外数据库关于CAZ/AVI疗效与安全性的随机对照试验（RCT）,以临床治愈率为主要结局,微生物清除率与不良反应发生率为次要结局,应用Review Manage 5.3进行Meta分析。结果 7项RCT（3 792例患者）纳入Meta分析,在患者结束治疗时（RR=0.99,95%CI=0.96~1.01）、检测治愈时（RR=0.99,95%CI=0.96~1.02）、最后随访时（RR=1.00,95%CI=0.96~1.03）,CAZ/AVI组与对照组临床治愈率比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）;微生物学改良意向治疗（mMITT）患者在检测治愈时,CAZ/AVI组与对照组临床治愈率比较,差异无统计学意义（RR=0.95,95%CI=0.89~1.00,P=0.06）,结束治疗时对照组优于CAZ/AVI组（RR=0.95,95%CI=0.92~0.98,P=0.005）。mMITT患者在结束治疗时（RR=1.00,95%CI=0.97~1.03）、检测治愈时（RR=1.07,95%CI=0.92~1.25）,CAZ/AVI组与对照组微生物清除率比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05,）,最后随访时CAZ/AVI组优于对照组（RR=1.12,95%CI=1.01~1.23,P=0.03）。CAZ/AVI组不良反应以及因不良反应导致停药发生率与对照组基本相似,但严重不良反应发生率CAZ/AVI组高于对照组（RR=1.26,95%CI=1.01~1.57,P=0.04）。结论 CAZ/AVI的疗效与其他抗菌药物相似,可以作为严重感染的替代药物,但考虑其严重不良反应发生率高于其他药物,仍需要更多高质量大规模的研究论证CAZ/AVI的安全性。     

微酸性电解水实验室微生物杀灭效果研究

 目的 研究某微酸性电解水实验室微生物杀灭效果。方法 选取某次氯酸水发生器现制微酸性电解水,测定不同有效氯含量、不同作用时间其对细菌繁殖体、芽孢以及真菌的杀灭效果。结果 该微酸性电解水有效氯含量为34.3~118 mg/L,有机干扰物牛血清白蛋白浓度为3.0%和0.3%时,分别作用1.0、3.0、5.0、10.0 min,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌的平均杀灭对数值均>5.00,对白假丝酵母菌的平均杀灭对数值均>4.00;有效氯含量为101~118 mg/L,牛血清白蛋白浓度为0.3%时,分别作用5.0、10.0、30.0 min,对枯草杆菌黑色变种芽孢的平均杀灭对数值均>5.00。结论 在特定实验条件下,该微酸性电解水对细菌的繁殖体、芽孢以及真菌均达到消毒剂消毒合格标准。