超高龄老人髋部骨折的手术治疗

目的　探讨 80岁以上老年人髋部骨折围手术期处理经验。方法　对 4 6例 80岁以上老年人髋部骨折手术治疗方法及结果进行回顾性总结。结果　 4 6例患者均安全度过围手术期 ,手术优良率 89 7%。结论　对高龄患者要有充分认识和准备 ,大部分患者能接受手术治疗并获得优良效果     

Bone and joint alterations in acromegaly

Growth hormone (GH) is fundamental for the maintenance of bone mass and metabolism both during childhood and in adulthood. This effect is due to a complex interaction between circulating GH and IGF-I produced peripherally. In vitro data and experimental animal models have clarified many of the regulatory mechanisms underlying the characteristic skeletal changes occurring in acromegaly. This review focuses on the effects of GH excess on bone metabolism and mass in acromegalic patients and, in particular, on the influence of factors such as hypogonadism, gender, age and therapy on bone metabolism and arthropathy.     

手术治疗胸腰椎结核合并后凸畸形

目的:探讨单切口双入路椎弓根系统内固定、后外侧植骨同期病灶清除、椎间植骨治疗胸腰椎结核合并后凸畸形的疗效。方法:对78例胸腰椎结核合并后凸畸形患者采用单切口双入路行后外侧植骨椎弓根系统内固定,同期病灶清除、椎间植骨治疗,观察患者症状及截瘫改善情况,后凸畸形矫正情况及植骨融合情况。结果:所有患者症状均明显改善,48例合并截瘫的患者中,25例完全恢复正常,7例ASIA分级改善1￣3级;植骨均在术后6个月￣1年融合,治愈率52.08%,好转率14.58%。后凸Cobb角平均矫正28.7°,随访1.4￣6.5年,平均2.6年,后凸角平均丢失2.9°。结论:单切口双入路后外侧椎弓根系统内固定同期病灶清除、椎间植骨可恢复脊柱的即刻稳定性,有利于植骨融合,后凸畸形矫正满意。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效观察

目的：探讨经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗胸腰段椎体压缩性骨折的临床疗效.方法：2003年6月～2005年9月收治74例胸腰段椎体压缩性骨折患者,根据手术方法不同分为A组（椎体后凸成形术组,24例）和B组（椎弓根螺钉固定组,50例）.比较两组术前术后椎体前缘、中线、后缘高度变化,疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue pain scale,VAS）,手术时间,出血量等方面的差异.结果：两组对椎体高度的恢复比较无统计学意义,A组的手术时间和出血量较B组少,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）,术后VAS评分A组较B组低（P＜0.01）.结论：经皮椎体后凸成形术与椎弓根螺钉系统治疗椎体压缩性骨折具有相似效果,但经皮椎体后凸成形术具有创伤小、手术时间短、出血量少等微创优点.     

Vitamin D receptor genotype and risk of osteoporotic hip fracture in elderly women of Utah: an effect modified by parity

Introduction The associations between vitamin D receptor (VDR) Bsm I and Fok I genotypes, parity, and risk of osteoporotic hip fracture were evaluated in a statewide population-based case-control study in Utah.Methods Women age 50–89 years with hip fracture (n=882) were ascertained via surveillance of 18 Utah hospitals from 1997 to 2001. Age-matched controls were randomly selected (n=897). Participants were interviewed in their homes, and blood samples were collected for genotyping.Results In logistic regression analyses that controlled for multiple confounders, Bsm I VDR genotype but not Fok I genotype was associated with risk of osteoporotic hip fracture (OR bb vs. BB genotype: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.50, 0.95). In similar analyses, no overall association was observed between parity status and risk of osteoporotic hip fracture. However, the effect of VDR genotype was modified by parity status. Among nulliparous women (n=140), Bsm I genotype was not associated with risk of hip fracture (OR bb vs. BB: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.28, 2.4); among primiparous women (n=133), bb genotype was associated with increased risk of hip fracture (OR bb vs. BB: 3.30; 95% CI: 0.96, 11.29); among multiparous women (n=1,400), bb genotype was associated with decreased risk of hip fracture (OR bb vs. BB: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.84).Conclusion VDR Bsm I genotype was associated with risk of hip fracture in Utah women, and this effect was modified by parity status. Hormonal or lifestyle factors related to parity may underlie this interaction.     

股骨重建钉在股骨粗隆下骨折手术中的应用

[目的]探讨股骨重建钉（RIN）治疗股骨粗隆下骨折（SFF）的手术方法及临床疗效。[方法]1998年6月-2005年5月，采用RIN技术对4JD例SFF患者进行固定，其中男27例，女13例；年龄22．．75岁。平均43．5岁。依据Seinsheimer分类：Ⅱ型5例，Ⅲ型13例，Ⅳ型21例，Ⅴ型1例。高能量损伤33例，低能量损伤7例。开放性骨折3例。[结果]4JD例随访8个月-2a6个月，平均1a8个月。X线片观察骨折愈合时间4．2月（3．2-6．5月）。按照韩一生评分标准，优26例，良12例，可2例，优良率95％。无感染、内固定失效、畸形愈合及股骨头缺血性坏死等并发症。[结论]RIN技术是治疗SFF的一种有效方法，具有固定可靠、并发症少、骨折愈合率高等优点。精细的手术操作是手术成功的关键。     

白内障超声乳化摘除及人工晶体植入术1123例临床小结

目的本文对2004年3月9日至2004年5月13日“健康快车”短期为大批量贫困的白内障患者免费行白内障超声乳化及人工晶体植入术1123例(1136眼)进行回顾性分析总结。方法比较透明角膜切口及巩膜隧道切口二种术式的术后反应、并并症、术后视力、以及术后用药情况。结论本组病例术后三天脱盲率90.5%,脱残率70.68%,透明角膜切口植入硬性人工晶体术后反应重,易发生伤口裂开虹膜嵌顿,不宜采用。白内障术后勿需全身用药。     

高龄股骨颈骨折人工关节置换的围手术期处理

目的:对行人工关节置换手术的高龄股骨颈骨折患者进行围手术期综合处理,探讨其围手术期治疗的必要性与重要性。方法:68例股骨颈骨折的高龄患者,男28例,女40例;年龄70～88岁,平均76.4岁。所有患者于关节置换术前采用有效的降糖,降压,营养心肌,保肝,纠正贫血、低蛋白血症等综合处理,控制合并症。患者全身情况、脏器功能状况可耐受手术后行人工关节置换手术。结果:所有患者均安全渡过手术期,切口Ⅰ期愈合。1例术后早期出现腹泻并发症,经应用制霉菌素及金双岐调节肠道菌群,腹泻控制。按Harris标准评价疗效,优39例,良24例,可5例,优良率92.6%。结论:严格有效的围手术期综合治疗是处理高龄股骨颈骨折患者行人工关节置换手术的安全保障。     

心理干预对行体外受精病人的影响

体外受精(IVF)治疗对不育夫妇既是一种生理负担又是一种心理负担,在IVF各个时期均表现出心理应激,其中胚胎移植后至妊娠试验前和IVF失败后应激最强,出现负性心理反应,以焦虑、抑郁多见。研究表明,通过心理干预能有效缓解患者的负性心理,并可能提高妊娠率和降低治疗中断率。