银柴胡类生药的光谱鉴定研究

目的：对来源于石竹科４属（繁缕属、蚤缀属、蝇子草属、丝石竹属）９种植物披针叶繁缕、叉歧繁缕、灯心草蚤缀、腺毛蚤缀、蝇子草、旱麦瓶草、大叶丝石竹、长蕊丝石竹、尖叶丝石竹根的银柴胡类生药进行鉴定研究。方法：测定９种生药乙醇提取物的紫外及红外光谱。结果：各属植物根的紫外及红外光谱有一定差异。结论：利用紫外光谱及一阶导数光谱均可鉴别《中国药典》品种和非《中国药典》品种,并可区分不同的属,红外光谱法能够将繁缕属与其它属区别开来。     

Dark-Blood Delayed Enhancement Cardiac Magnetic Resonance of Myocardial Infarction

Objectives

This study introduced and validated a novel flow-independent delayed enhancement technique that shows hyperenhanced myocardium while simultaneously suppressing blood-pool signal.

绞股蓝多糖的分离纯化及红外光谱、气相色谱分析

目的:绞股蓝多糖的分离纯化及单糖组成的研究。方法:采用水提醇沉和DEAE52纤维素柱层析等方法,得精制绞股蓝多糖(GPM2)。利用红外光谱(IR)和气相色谱(GC)分析多糖的糖键结构和单糖的组成及摩尔比值。结果:DEAE52纤维素柱层析分离纯化多糖效果显著,得精制多糖(GPM2)。IR分析显示GPM2具有典型的多糖吸收峰。GC分析得出该单糖组成为鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖,摩尔比为3.23:7.71:1.00:2.29:2.88:14.84,其中半乳糖的含量最高。结论:分析绞股蓝多糖的结构和组成,对绞股蓝产品的功能和生产有着重大指导意义。     

糖耐量减低患者胰岛素抵抗与颈动脉粥样斑块的相关性分析

目的　探讨胰岛素抵抗 (IR)在糖耐量减低 (IGT)大血管并发症中的作用。方法　测定 1 2 0名IGT患者和 96名糖耐量正常(NGT)对照者的空腹血糖 (FBG)、胆固醇 (TC)、甘油三酯 (TG)、胰岛素 (FINS)及餐后 2h血糖 (PBG) ,并测量身高、体重、腰围、臀围 ,计算相对胰岛素敏感指数 (RISI)、体重指数 (BMI)、腰臀比 (WHR) ,结合其颈动脉多普勒超声检测结果进行对比分析。结果　IGT组及NGT组颈动脉粥样斑块发生率有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 0 1 ) ,斑块面积与RISI呈负相关 (r =- 0 .45 ,P <0 .0 1 ) ,与餐后 2h血糖 (r =0 .39,P <0 .0 1 )、BMI(r=0 .48,P <0 .0 1 )及WHR(r=0 .41 ,P <0 .0 1 )正相关 ,而与TG、FBG、TC、FINS无相关性 (P >0 .0 5)。IGT组患者有斑块和无斑块者之间RISI、WHR、BMI、餐后 2h血糖、TG之间也存在显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论　胰岛素抵抗与颈动脉粥样硬化的发生密切相关 ,是IGT患者发生大血管并发症的重要原因。     

A high isoflavone diet decreases 5′ adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase activation and does not correct selenium-induced elevations in fasting blood glucose in mice

Selenium (Se) has been implicated as a micronutrient that decreases adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling and may increase diabetes risk by reducing insulin sensitivity. Soy isoflavones (IF) are estrogen-like compounds that have been shown to attenuate insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, adiposity, and increased AMPK activation. We hypothesized that a high IF (HIF) diet would prevent the poor metabolic profile associated with high Se intake. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in basal glucose metabolism and AMPK signaling in response to an HIF diet and/or supplemental Se in a mouse model. Male FVB mice were divided into groups receiving either a control diet with minimal IF (low IF) or an HIF diet. Each dietary group was further subdivided into groups receiving either water or Se at a dose of 3 mg Se/kg body weight daily, as Se-methylselenocysteine (SMSC). After 5 months, mice receiving SMSC had elevated fasting glucose (P < .05) and a tendency for glucose intolerance (P = .08). The increase in dietary IF did not result in improved fasting blood glucose. Interestingly, after 6 months, HIF-fed mice had decreased basal AMPK activation in liver and skeletal muscle tissue (P < .05). Basal glucose metabolism was changed by SMSC supplementation as evidenced by increased fasting blood glucose and glucose intolerance. High dietary IF levels did not protect against aberrant blood glucose. In FVB mice, decreased basal AMPK activation is not the mechanism through which Se exerts its effect. These results suggest that more research must be done to elucidate the role of Se and IF in glucose metabolism.     

A meta-analysis of imagery rehearsal for post-trauma nightmares: Effects on nightmare frequency, sleep quality, and posttraumatic stress

This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy of imagery rehearsal as a treatment for nightmares, general sleep disturbance, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress. Bibliographic databases and cited references were searched to identify clinical trials of imagery rehearsal in individuals with post-trauma nightmares. Thirteen studies met inclusion criteria and reported sleep and post-traumatic stress outcomes in sufficient detail to calculate effect sizes. Results indicate that imagery rehearsal had large effects on nightmare frequency, sleep quality, and PTSD symptoms from the initial to post-treatment assessments. These effects were sustained through 6 to 12months follow-up. Furthermore, interventions that included both imagery rehearsal and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia resulted in greater treatment-related improvement in sleep quality than imagery rehearsal alone. Combined treatment did not improve outcomes for PTSD or nightmares. Notably, effect sizes were small in the single study that included an active-treatment control condition. Future research should identify necessary and sufficient components of interventions for trauma-related sleep disturbance and post-traumatic stress (e.g., exposure, cognitive reappraisal, sleep and circadian regulation).     

Efficacy of Probiotics in Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases

Deaths from infectious diseases and deep concerns about increases in microbial resistance make it necessary for scientists to develop innovative therapeutic solutions and complementary therapies. Growing evidence is available on the therapeutic effects of probiotics. There are also documents about the beneficial effects of probiotics, but it is difficult to draw a definitive conclusion regarding the results of these studies because of the small sample size, the limitations of the study methods, and the use of different strains of probiotic bacteria. This review study summarizes the articles available on the scientific and electronic databases Embase, Medline, and Scopus until the end of 2017, including case studies describing beneficial microbes as tools for improving the process of controlling infectious diseases. Until the development of novel vaccines or other approaches occurs, the use of probiotics seems to be a logical way to attempt to control certain infectious diseases.     

Genetic Complexity of EHV-1 Defective Interfering Particles and Identification of Novel IR4/UL5 Hybrid Proteins Produced During Persistent Infection

This study examined the genetic complexity of three equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) defective interfering particles (DIP) and found the DIP genomes to range from 5.9 kbp to 7.3 kbp in total size. Each DIP contains an identical 5′ end (∼1.9 kb) that harbors UL3 and UL4 genes that are 100% identical to those of the infectious virus. DIP2 and DIP3 contain a previously described unique IR4/UL5 (EICP22/EICP27) hybrid gene (Hyb1.0). The DIP1 genome, however, appears to be generated from a different recombination event which results in the formation of a new distinct hybrid ORF. The new ORF (Hyb2.0) is comprised of 684 bp from the 5′ end of IR4 fused to 45 bp from the 3′ terminus of UL5. In contrast to Hyb1.0, the UL5 sequences present in Hyb2.0 are not in-frame. Thus, the Hyb2.0 protein is comprised of 228 residues from IR4 linked to a sequence of 15 amino acids that result from a frameshifted reading of UL5 sequences. Western blot analysis confirmed that the Hyb2.0 ORF is expressed during persistent infection to produce a family of proteins that migrate at 36–42 kDa. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that both Hyb proteins display diffuse cytoplasmic localization patterns dissimilar to the nuclear localization patterns of both IR4 and UL5. Neither Hyb protein, however, disrupts the nuclear entry of the EHV-1 immediate-early, IR4, or UL5 proteins or cellular TATA box binding protein (TBP) previously shown to interact with both IR4 or UL5 in productive infection. DIP genomic segments (∼3.5–5.0 kbp) downstream of the 100% conserved origin of replication are highly variable among the three DIP genomes and contain large areas of repetitive sequences. The possibility that the non-coding sequences play a role in viral interference and/or persistent infection remains to be determined.     

Exercising with blocked muscle glycogenolysis: Adaptation in the McArdle mouse

Background

McArdle disease (glycogen storage disease type V) is an inborn error of skeletal muscle metabolism, which affects glycogen phosphorylase (myophosphorylase) activity leading to an inability to break down glycogen. Patients with McArdle disease are exercise intolerant, as muscle glycogen-derived glucose is unavailable during exercise. Metabolic adaptation to blocked muscle glycogenolysis occurs at rest in the McArdle mouse model, but only in highly glycolytic muscle. However, it is unknown what compensatory metabolic adaptations occur during exercise in McArdle disease.

高血压胰岛素抵抗对PIP、MMP-2及左室舒张功能的影响

目的探讨原发性高血压（EH）有、无胰岛素抵抗（IR）患者左室重构及舒张功能的变化。方法测定86例EH患者和45例体检健康者空腹血糖及胰岛素,并计算胰岛素敏感性指数（IAI）,以≤对照组IAI均值（-3．72±0．32）的低限（4．04）者46例作为IR组,非IR组40例。比较三组受试者心脏舒张功能指标：等容舒张时间（IVRT）、二尖瓣环舒张早期运动速度（Ea）／舒张晚期运动速度（Aa）比值;左室重构指标：血清前胶原羧基端肽（PIP）、金属蛋白酶-2（MMP-2）浓度。结果与对照组比较非IR组和IR组平均IVRT均明显延长、Ea／Aa比值均明显降低、血清PIP、MMP-2均显著升高（P〈0．05和P〈0．01）;且与非IR组比较IR组平均IVRT和血清PIP、MMP-2进一步显著延长和升高,Ea／Aa比值进一步显著降低（P〈0．05和P〈0．01）。结论伴有IR的高血压患者较非IR高血压患者左室心肌重构更重、左室舒张功能更差。