"立交桥"高职护理人才培养模式初探

为探讨中等卫生学校毕业就读高等护理专业学生（即“立交桥”高职）的培养模式，在坚持高等教育培养目标及职业特色的前提下，结合学生特点，进行课程设置、教学方法及临床实践等方面的改革，以发挥学生的优势，弥补学生的不足，培养适应现代护理发展需要的高质量护理人才。     

Pavlovian conditioning between co-administered drugs: elicitation of an apomorphine-induced antiparkinsonian response by scopolamine

Sprague-Dawley rats with unilateral 6-OHDA substantia nigra lesions were given combined scopolamine (0.5 mg/kg IP) and apomorphine (0.05 mg/kg SC) treatments. In this animal model, scopolamine, when administered separately, induces ipsilateral rotation and apomorphine, contralateral rotation. When these drugs are co-administered at 0.5 mg/kg and 0.05 mg/kg dose levels, respectively, animals rotate in the contralateral direction, creating the opportunity for the stimulus effect of scopolamine to become associated with the response effect of apomorphine. In tests with scopolamine (0.5 mg/kg), animals that previously had scopolamine and apomorphine co-administered rotated contralaterally in the test chamber, thereby behaving as if they had received apomorphine. Thus, scopolamine exhibited a functionally acquired conditioned stimulus (CS) property by eliciting the apomorphine response of contralateral rotation as a conditioned response. This acquired CS property was extinguished with separate scopolamine trials and reacquired following one scopolamine-apomorphine co-administration trial.     

等电聚焦电泳分析红细胞Gd(-)壮族富宁型〔Gd(-)Zhuang-Funing〕

本文采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦电泳(IEF),借助园盘电泳仪的简易装置,对正常 B 型G6PD 及变异型 G6PD 进行分析,获得了满意效果。     

Effects of antimicrobial agents on spontaneous and endotoxin-induced cytokine release of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

 Because the immunomodulatory effects of antibiotics could possibly influence the degree of the systemic and local response to infection, knowledge of their intrinsic influence on the host's inflammatory response appears to be essential. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of frequently used antimicrobial agents (β-lactams, quinolones gentamicin, vancomycin and metronidazole) on the in-vitro tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 production of isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC), cultured with or without endotoxin, in comparison with those effects obtained in a whole-blood assay system. In the presence of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gentamicin, vancomycin, and metronidazole, a significant inhibition of the endotoxin-stimulated TNF-α production of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) was found at therapeutic levels. Only ofloxacin showed a significant inhibitory influence on the endotoxin-induced IL-6 production of PBMNC. In the whole-blood assay, significant effects were not detectable. None of the antibiotics showed cytotoxicity. It is concluded that, at present, the direct immunological effects of antibiotics should be interpreted carefully with regard to the experimental conditions, and regardless of the therapeutic implications. To assess the potential direct immunomodulatory effect of antimicrobial agents, different cell culture procedures should be used. Received: October 19, 2001 / Accepted: February 15, 2002     

Transplantation of microencapsulated bovine chromaffin cells reduces lesion-induced rotational asymmetry in rats

Surrounding bovine chromaffin cells by a semipermeable membrane may protect the transplanted cells from a host immune response and shield them from the inflammatory process resulting from the surgical trauma. Encapsulation of the chromaffin cells was achieved by inter-facial adsorption of a polycation on a polyanionic colloid matrix in which the chromaffin cells were entrapped. Basal and potassium-evoked release of catecholamines from encapsulated bovine chromaffin cells was analyzed over a 4-week period in vitro. Norepinephrine and dopamine release remained constant over time whereas epinephrine release significantly decreased. The chromaffin cells also retained the capacity for depolarization-elicited catecholamine release 4 weeks following the encapsulation procedure. Morphological analysis revealed the presence of intact chromaffin cells with well-preserved secretory granules. Striatial implantation of chromaffin cell-loaded capsules significantly reduced apomorphine-induced rotation compared to empty polymer capsules in animals lesioned with 6-hydroxydopamne frr at least 4 weeks. Intact chromaffin cells expressing tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine-β-hydroxylase were observed in all capsules implanted in the striatum for 4 weeks. The assessment of the clinical potential of transplanting encapsulated adrenal chromaffin cells of either allo- or xenogeneic origin for Parkinson's disease will require long-term behavioral studies. The present study suggests, however, that the polymer encapsulation procedure may offer an alternative to adrenal autografts as a source of dopaminergic tissue.     

Open, Double-Blind and Long-Term Study of Vigabatrin in Chronic Epilepsy

We performed an open, double-blind, and long-term study of vigabatrin (gamma-vinyl-GABA, GVG) in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy who were receiving only one or at most two standard antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). The novel design included a parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase that minimized the number of patients receiving placebo and allowed determination of the optimum dose of GVG for each patient before initiation of the double-blind phase. The study was divided into four phases. The first phase was a 6-week period of baseline observation. In the second phase, GVG was added openly to previous AEDs for 8 weeks. During the first 2 weeks of this phase, the dose of GVG was increased weekly and then, in the absence of adverse effects, was held constant for the next 6 weeks. At the end of this open phase, seizure frequency during the 6 weeks of constant treatment was compared with the baseline seizure frequency for each patient. Patients who experienced reduction greater than 50% in the frequency of any seizure type during the open phase were defined as responders. These responders were then entered into the third and double-blind phase, in which they were randomly allocated wither to continue active GVG treatment or placebo for 8 weeks. Thirty-three patients entered the study; 31 of 33 patients completed the initial open phase. Twenty patients achieved a reduction greater than or equal to 50% in the frequency of one or more seizure types and were eligible for the double-blind phase; 10 were randomized to continue GVG and 10 were randomized to placebo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

益肾调督针法对实验大鼠脑梗死恢复期TNF-α、IL-6和IL-8的影响

目的 观察益肾调督针法对脑梗死恢复期治疗及预防再梗的作用机制。方法 将实验大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、益肾调督针法组、常规针法组和非穴针刺组各10例，用血栓栓塞法制备局灶性脑梗死模型，观察治疗前后大鼠神经功能改变，应用双抗体夹心ELISA法分别测定各组大鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-6和IL-8的含量。结果 治疗前后大鼠神经功能评分以益。肾调督针法组及常规针法组有效，差异具有显著性（P〈0．01）；模型组大鼠血清中TNF．仅、IL-6和IL．8含量较对照组明显升高（P〈0．01），施予针刺治疗后各针法组含量均有不同程度的下降。结论 益肾调督针法可以有效地抑制TNF-α、IL-6和IL-8的表达．从而在脑梗死恢复期治疗及预防再梗方面发挥作用。     

清炎颗粒对肾盂肾炎小鼠外周血IL-8与IL-10的影响

目的：探讨清炎颗粒治疗肾盂肾炎的免疫学机制。方法：采用孙氏方法改进造模,治疗组分别按剂量3.12、6.24、12.48g·kg^-1·d^-1予清炎颗粒,模型组予生理盐水,对照组予至灵胶囊灌胃,喂养至3d、7d、15d、30d、60d取血清,用ELISA法检测其IL-8、IL-10的水平。结果：清炎颗粒能显著降低不同时段血清IL-8的水平、提高不同时段血清IL-10的水平。结论：免疫调控可能是清炎颗粒治疗肾盂肾炎的作用机制之一。     

卡维地洛对不稳定型心绞痛患者血浆炎症因子的影响

目的观察卡维地洛对不稳定型心绞痛（UAP）患者高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、白介素-6（IL-6）及细胞间可溶性黏附分子1（sICAM-1）水平的影响。方法UAP患者62例采用完全随机化方法分成对照组（n=30）和治疗组（n=32）,在常规抗血小板、扩血管治疗基础上,对照组予美托洛尔（12.5mg,2次/d×3d）口服,治疗组服卡维地洛（6.25mg,2次/d×3d）,在治疗前后分别测定hs-CRP、IL-6、sICAM-1值。结果对照组和治疗组在治疗前hs-CRP、IL-6、sICAM-1均无显著性差异;用药后两组3指标均较用药前显著降低（P<0.05）;治疗组在用药后IL-6、sI-CAM-1显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。同时,用药后两组患者的心率、血压、心肌耗氧量均较用药前显著降低（P<0.05）,治疗组的心肌耗氧量显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论卡维地洛可显著降低UAP患者的炎症因子IL-6、sICMA-1水平。