高胆固醇血症对主动脉功能的影响

目的 :研究血胆固醇持续增高对主动脉功能的影响。方法 :选择血胆固醇持续增高 (≥ 5年 ) ,而无动脉粥样硬化临床表现的患者 30例 ,记录主动脉收缩径、舒张径 ,主动脉可扩张性 ,主动脉僵硬指数 ,并与 30例正常人对照。结果 :两组主动脉径限没有明显差别 ;患者组主动脉可扩张性明显下降 ,僵硬指数是对照组的 2倍。结论 :对于无动脉粥样硬化临床表现的患者 ,血胆固醇增高损害主动脉的功能 ,而对主动脉径限没有明显影响     

Passive opium smoking does not have beneficial effect on plasma lipids and cardiovascular indices in hypercholesterolemic rabbits with ischemic and non-ischemic hearts

Background

To scientifically test a traditionally belief of some Asian countries residents that opium may prevent or have ameliorating effects on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) we investigated the effect of passive opium smoking (POS) on plasma lipids and some cardiovascular parameters in hypercholesterolemic rabbits with ischemic and non-ischemic hearts.

Methods

40 rabbits were fed for 2 weeks with cholesterol-enriched diet and divided to control (CTL), short-term opium (SO) and long-term opium (LO) groups. SO and LO groups were exposed to POS for 3 days and 4 weeks respectively. ECG, blood pressure (BP) and left ventricular pressure recorded and serum lipid and cardiac troponin I levels were measured. Isoproterenol (ISO) injected for induction of cardiac ischemia and after 4 h the above variables were measured along with cardiac histopathology assessment.

Results

HDL cholesterol decreased significantly in LO compared to CTL group (35 ± 5 vs 53 ± 5 mg/dl). Groups treated with ISO showed significantly higher increments in troponin I level (P < 0.05) except for LO group and reduction of BP was higher in ISO and SO + ISO groups compared to CTL and SO groups respectively (−38 ± 6 vs −23 ± 4 and −37 ± 11 vs −11 ± 3 percent respectively, P < 0.05). Reduction in BP was significantly lower in LO + ISO compared to ISO group. Opium exposure caused a trend of increase in blood pressure, LDL cholesterol and ECG disturbances, attenuated ISO induced myonecrosis but augmented tissue congestion and hemorrhage.

Conclusion

POS can be considered as a CVD risk factor. Opium does not reduce BP or cholesterol level, as is anticipated by its users.     

Vascular risk factors are associated with longitudinal changes in cerebrospinal fluid tau markers and cognition in preclinical Alzheimer's disease

IntroductionVascular factors increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated the associations between such factors, longitudinal AD cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and cognition.Methods433 cognitively normal participants were classified into four biomarker groups using their baseline amyloid (A+/−) and tau status (T+/−). 184 participants had undergone serial cerebrospinal fluid collection. Frequencies of risk factors and the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) were compared, and we tested the influence of risk factors on change in biomarker concentrations and cognition.ResultsThe absence of obesity, presence of hypertension, and a high FRS were associated with an increase in tau levels, particularly in A+T+ individuals. Risk factors were not associated with amyloid. Depression was associated with higher cognitive scores, whereas high FRS was associated with lower scores and a faster decline.DiscussionOur results demonstrate that vascular risk factors may enhance neurodegeneration but not amyloid accumulation in preclinical AD.     

脑益康对高胆固醇血症致Aβ增高大鼠的作用研究

目的观察脑益康对高胆固醇血症致Aβ增高大鼠的作用并分析其作用机制。方法高胆固醇饲料喂饲大鼠建立高胆固醇血症模型,脑益康灌胃,Y电迷宫测试,测定血脂、血流变及脑海马区Aβ表达。结果与模型对照组相比,脑益康高剂量组大鼠电刺激尝试次数显著减少(P<0.01),血清总胆固醇显著降低(P<0.01),大鼠脑海马区Aβ表达积分光密度显著降低(P<0.01)。结论脑益康可改善大鼠学习、记忆,其机制与降低血脂水平、改善血液流变学、减少脑Aβ生成有关。     

2型糖尿病及高胆固醇血症与阿尔茨海默病的关系

本文主要阐述了阿尔茨海默病特征和发病机制,2型DM与阿尔茨海默病、高胆固醇血症与阿尔茨海默病、2型DM与高胆固醇血症之间的相互关系。     

高胆固醇血症在阿尔兹海默病发生中的作用及藏药柳茶提取物的治疗效应

目的:观察高胆固醇血症在阿尔兹海默病(AD)发生中的作用及藏药柳茶提取物的疗效。方法:SD大鼠随机分为:Ⅰ正常对照组、ⅡAD模型组、Ⅲ高胆固醇血症合并AD组、Ⅳ柳茶治疗组。观察动物一般情况;检测血清和脑组织匀浆中总胆固醇含量;观察海马及皮层组织神经元纤维缠结、β淀粉样蛋白沉积及神经元丢失情况;检测脑组织中胆固醇代谢关键酶APOE、CYP46a1的表达及tau蛋白磷酸化水平。结果:Ⅳ组动物精神状态显著好于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组。Ⅱ组血清胆固醇含量与正常对照组无显著性差异,Ⅲ组显著高于Ⅱ组(P0.05);Ⅳ组含量低于Ⅲ组。与Ⅰ组相比Ⅱ、Ⅲ组脑胆固醇含量显著升高,Ⅲ组更为明显;柳茶治疗后Ⅳ组脑胆固醇水平下降,与Ⅲ组相比有显著性差异(P0.05)。Ⅱ组APOE mRNA表达量增加,与Ⅰ组相比P0.01,而Ⅲ组表达量高于Ⅱ组,Ⅳ组表达量则下降至接近正常水平。Ⅱ、Ⅲ组CYP46a1mRNA表达量均显著少于正常对照组(P0.01),经柳茶治疗后Ⅳ组表达量显著升高(P0.01)。与Ⅰ组相比Ⅱ、Ⅲ组tau磷酸化水平升高,尤以Ⅲ组更为明显,Ⅳ组则有所降低。结论:高胆固醇血症能促进AD的发生发展,柳茶提取物可有效降低AD动物血和脑中胆固醇含量,改善脑组织中病理形态学变化。其作用机制可能与调节APOE和CYP46a1mRNA的表达有关。     

银杏叶提取物对高胆固醇家兔模型过氧化损伤的影响

目的观察银杏叶提取物(EGB761)对高胆固醇家兔模型血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、丙二醛(MDA)水平的影响。方法参照D.Larry Sparks等的方法,复制高胆固醇血症家兔模型,利用50 mg/(kg.d)EGB761灌胃3周后,检测血清SOD、MDA、GSH-Px水平。结果模型组家兔血清SOD、MDA和GSH-Px水平均明显升高,与对照组相比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与模型组相比,EGB761组血清SOD、GSH-Px、MDA水平均明显下降,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);与对照组相比,EGB761组血清MDA水平与GSH-Px水平均明显升高(P<0.05);SOD水平呈下降趋势,但差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论高胆固醇血症家兔模型体内存在明显的过氧化损伤,EGB761对高胆固醇血症引起的过氧化损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

社区居民高血压与糖尿病及高胆固醇血症的现况调查

目的了解社区居民高血压、糖尿病和高胆固醇血症的知晓、治疗和控制状况。方法于2007年在北京市石景山区西山社区进行现况研究,共调查1 256名居民,其中男性年龄在35~74岁,女性年龄在40~74岁。调查收集居民有关高血压、糖尿病和高胆固醇血症患病和治疗情况,并进行血压测量和空腹血糖血脂测定,根据有关指南确定疾病的诊断标准。结果高血压患病率和知晓率、治疗率及控制率分别为40.6%、78.4%、62.0%、27.1%;糖尿病和高胆固醇血症上述各率分别为10.3%、80.6%、68.2%、25.6%和8.9%、34.8%、32.1%、12.5%。已患有心脑血管疾病者高血压和糖尿病知晓率较高,而受教育程度和患者是否患有心脑血管疾病对高胆固醇血症是否知晓无显著关联。结论社区人群中高血压和糖尿病的防治状况优于高胆固醇血症。为预防心血管病,除应加强血脂异常的防治外,需提高高血压、糖尿病和高胆固醇血脂的治疗效果。     

ET技术检测高脂血症及动脉硬化大鼠腹主动脉弹性的实验研究

目的:探讨应用血管回声跟踪技术评价高脂血症及动脉粥样硬化大鼠不同阶段腹主动脉弹性功能变化的价值,并明确血脂水平与腹主动脉弹性功能变化间的相关性。方法:应用血管回声跟踪技术分别对高胆固醇饮食SD大鼠(T1组,n=10,高胆固醇喂养4周;T2组,n=10,高胆固醇喂养12周)及正常饮食SD大鼠(C1组,n=10;C2组,n=10)腹主动脉的硬化参数α和β、可扩张度、顺应性、单点脉搏波传导速度(PWVβ)进行评估,各组间参数的比较及血压、血脂的组间比较采用ANOVE单因素分析法。相关性研究采用Pearson相关性分析法。各组病理标本均行切片,在光镜下观察以评估主动脉粥样硬化的程度。结果:T1和T2组大鼠的硬化参数α、β、PWVβ显著高于C1及C2组(P均<0.05),可扩张度及顺应性则显著低于C1及C2组(P均<0.05)。特别是硬化参数α、硬化参数β、PWVβ、顺应性、可扩张度间的相关性较强(P<0.01),其中顺应性、可扩张度与硬化参数α、硬化参数β、PWVβ呈负相关,可扩张度与三酰甘油呈负相关。结论:血管回声跟踪技术能早期检测大鼠腹主动脉弹性功能变化,其僵硬度参数及扩张性参数均与血脂参数相关。