中药配方精油——一种中药入药新形式的思考

饮片是中医临床用药的主体,随着中医用药现代化,中药配方颗粒逐步发展并初具规模。虽有中药注射剂、口服液等的加工形式,但只占中药市场的少部分,并以内服为主。而脂溶性成分口服时,溶出受限,吸收相对较少,且具有刺激胃肠道的副作用,造成患者耐受性低。虽有水提、醇提等加工制成的外用制剂,但多为粗制剂,且剂量随意,在一定程度上造成了脂溶性成分的浪费。而中药的脂溶性成分大多具有较好的生物活性,如五味子乙素、丹参酮、绿原酸甲酯等,但却没有合适的药用形式。若想"药"尽其用,就必须对中药的脂溶性成分进行系统研究,在提取、分离和收集工艺均相当成熟的基础上,研发以脂溶性成分为主的,药理药效确切的,又利于其吸收的药用形式。中药精油具有抗衰老、抗痴呆、抗氧化等多种活性,已广泛应用于临床、药妆、保健品等领域。但单方精油作用有限,配伍既可增强药效、降低毒性,也可扩大精油应用范围。因此,可将中药配方精油作为中药入药新形式,并以外用为主、内服为辅,以弥补中药外用多为粗制剂、剂量随意的不足和内服吸收少、刺激胃肠道的劣势,满足临床用药需求,更快、更准、更好、更强地发挥脂溶性成分的药效。     

Determination of furfural and hydroxymethyl furfural from baby formula using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography and method optimization by response surface methodology

A simple, rapid and efficient method was developed using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for extraction and determination of furfural (F) and hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) in baby formula. The effects of different variables on the extraction efficiency such as the volume of extraction and disperser solvents, pH and salt effect were studied and optimized simultaneously using (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD). Under optimum conditions, a mixture of ethanol (disperser solvent) and 1-octanol (extraction solvent) was rapidly injected in to the sample solution (after adding 2 g salt and adjusting pH to 6.5). Limit of detection for F and HMF were 0.7 and 1.8 ng g⁻¹, respectively. The inter-day relative standard deviation (RSD%) were 4.9 for HMF and 3.9 for F and also inter-day RSD% were in the range of 5.2–8%. The results showed that DLLME-HPLC is a very fast, simple, sensitive and accurate analytical method for the determination of F and HMF in baby formulas. Finally, The ability of the proposed method to determine F and HMF in different baby formulas in Iran was studied and suitable result was obtained.     

中医药治疗痛风的研究进展

痛风是嘌呤代谢异常致使尿酸合成增加而导致的代谢性疾病,西药如秋水仙碱等用于痛风的治疗临床疗效确实可靠,但伴有一定的副作用而使其使用受到了限制,中药和天然药物用于治疗痛风具有疗效确切,安全,不良反应小等优势。笔者通过查阅近年来国内外的有关文献,重点从单方和经方、经验方等方面阐述中医药治疗痛风的研究进展,以期为抗痛风新药的开发提供科学依据。     

疏肝通络方治疗糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪肝临床研究

目的：观察疏肝通络方治疗糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪肝（ NAFLD ）的临床疗效。方法将120例糖尿病合并NAFLD的患者随机分为治疗组60例、对照组60例,在控制血糖的基础上,对照组采用健康教育、改变生活方式等措施治疗,治疗组在上述基础上加用疏肝通络方口服。结果治疗组60例中,完全缓解5例（8．33％）,显效31例（51．67％）,有效17例（28．33％）,无效7例（11.67％）,总有效率为88．33％;对照组59例中,完全缓解2例（3．39％）,显效12例（20．34％）,有效16例（27．12％）,无效29例（49．15％）,总有效率为50．85％。经Ridit分析,U＝－5．122, P＜0．001,说明治疗组总体疗效优于对照组。2组中医症状积分治疗后较本组治疗前均降低（ P＜0.01）,治疗组较对照组降低更明显（P＜0．05）,说明治疗组优于对照组。2组ALT,AST,TG,TC, LDL-C治疗后均较本组治疗前均降低（P＜0．05,P＜0．01）,治疗组ALT,AST,TG,TC,LDL-C较对照组降低明显（P＜0．05）。 BMI治疗组较治疗前降低（P＜0．01）,对照组治疗前后比较差异无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）。结论疏肝通络方治疗糖尿病合并NAFLD具有较好的疗效。     

Novel Approaches to Improve the Intrinsic Microbiological Safety of Powdered Infant Milk Formula

Human milk is recognised as the best form of nutrition for infants. However; in instances where breast-feeding is not possible, unsuitable or inadequate, infant milk formulae are used as breast milk substitutes. These formulae are designed to provide infants with optimum nutrition for normal growth and development and are available in either powdered or liquid forms. Powdered infant formula is widely used for convenience and economic reasons. However; current manufacturing processes are not capable of producing a sterile powdered infant formula. Due to their immature immune systems and permeable gastro-intestinal tracts, infants can be more susceptible to infection via foodborne pathogenic bacteria than other age-groups. Consumption of powdered infant formula contaminated by pathogenic microbes can be a cause of serious illness. In this review paper, we discuss the current manufacturing practices present in the infant formula industry, the pathogens of greatest concern, Cronobacter and Salmonella and methods of improving the intrinsic safety of powdered infant formula via the addition of antimicrobials such as: bioactive peptides; organic acids; probiotics and prebiotics.     

截断逆挽方对慢加急性肝衰竭大鼠肝细胞进入S期关键蛋白的影响

目的:观察截断逆挽方对慢加急性肝衰竭(ACLF)大鼠肝脏细胞进入S期关键蛋白的影响。方法:将150只Wistar大鼠随机分成3组,正常组(NC)、模型组(MC)及截断逆挽方组(JD)。采用人血清白蛋白联合D-氨基半乳糖和脂多糖急性攻击制作ACLF模型。JD组大鼠在急性攻击24 h后连续灌胃,在第5、10、15天平行取材。运用HE染色法观察大鼠肝脏组织结构,Western blot法检测转录因子E2F1的表达量,RT-PCR检测CyclinA、E和Cdc25 mRNA表达量。结果:与模型组相比,JD组大鼠E2F1的表达量明显增高,并在第10天时差异最为显著(P<0.05),CyclinA、E、Cdc25表达量均有不同程度升高;与正常组相比,JD组大鼠10 d、15 d时CyclinA mRNA表达量差异显著,JD组大鼠在10 d、15 d时Cdc25和CyclinE mRNA表达量均差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:截断逆挽方可以通过调节E2F1介导的细胞再生信号通路上的关键蛋白E2F1、CyclinA、CyclinE、Cdc25的表达,从而促使细胞进入S期,加快DNA复制进程,提高肝细胞的增殖率,发挥治疗ACLF的作用。     

Allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell immunotherapy exhibits promising clinical safety and prolongs the survival of patients with late-stage lung or liver cancer

Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are promising candidates for cellular tumor immunotherapy. Due to their HLA-independent mode of action, allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells can be considered for clinical application. To apply allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in adoptive immunotherapy, the methodology used to obtain adequate cell numbers with optimal effector function in vitro needs to be optimized, and clinical safety and efficacy also need to be proven. Therefore, we developed a novel formula to improve the expansion of peripheral γδ T cells from healthy donors. Then, we used a humanized mouse model to validate the therapeutic efficacy of expanded γδ T cells in vivo; furthermore, the expanded γδ T cells were adoptively transferred into late-stage liver and lung cancer patients. We found that the expanded cells possessed significantly improved immune effector functions, including proliferation, differentiation, and cancer cell killing, both in vitro and in the humanized mouse model. Furthermore, a phase I clinical trial in 132 late-stage cancer patients with a total of 414 cell infusions unequivocally validated the clinical safety of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Among these 132 patients, 8 liver cancer patients and 10 lung cancer patients who received ≥5 cell infusions showed greatly prolonged survival, which preliminarily verified the efficacy of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell therapy. Our clinical studies underscore the safety and efficacy of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell immunotherapy, which will inspire further clinical investigations and eventually benefit cancer patients.