开展全程化药学服务,促进抗菌药物合理应用

目的探讨促进抗菌药物合理应用的有效途径。方法分析和评价全程化药学服务在促进抗菌药物合理应用中的作用。结果全程化药学服务是促进抗菌药物合理应用的有效途径。结论医院药学应积极开展全程化药学服务,以促进抗菌药物合理应用,使有限的抗菌药物资源得到最大限度的利用。     

RP-HPLC法测定兔眼各组织中多柔比星的浓度

目的建立测定兔眼各组织中多柔比星浓度的RP-HPLC法。方法采用RP-HPLC法,色谱柱为DiamonsilC18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈∶0.2mol/L磷酸二氢钾缓冲液∶三乙胺(30∶70∶0.2),磷酸调pH到4.0;检测波长234nm;内标为柔红霉素;甲醇沉淀蛋白,固相萃取富集。结果在兔眼各组织中,多柔比星和内标保留时间合适,分离效果良好;在0.1~10μg/ml的浓度范围内线性关系良好,r>0.999;各组织中日内与日间精密度分别小于3.70%和3.39%,低、中、高浓度,各组织回收率接近100%,提取率、定量限和检测限均符合要求。结论所建立的RP-HPLC法测定兔眼各组织中多柔比星的含量准确可靠。     

高效液相色谱法测定鸡蛋蛋黄中胆固醇含量

采用高效液相色谱法,以C18柱(3.9 mm×150 mm.5 μm)为固定相,乙腈-异丙醇(4:1,v/v)为流动相,流速1.0 ml/min;检测波长210 nm,测定鸡蛋蛋黄中胆固醇含量,结果胆固醇浓度在0.05-0.8 g/L范围内与色谱峰面积呈线性关系,相关系数r=0.999 2,高、中、低3个浓度的加样回收率为98.26%-100.2%,日内精密度(RSD)(3.8%)。4种鸡蛋蛋黄的胆固醇平均含量分别为11.61 mg/g蛋黄、10.49 mg/g蛋黄、9.82 mg/g 蛋黄和9.46 mg/g蛋黄,该方法适用于蛋黄胆固醇的快速测定.具有准确、快速、简便、重现性好等优点。     

高频能量对心肌缺血预适应的检测价值

目的探讨缺血预适应(PC)心电高频能量的变化规律和缺血预适应的机制。方法应用家兔缺血预适应模型和急性心肌梗死模型分析不同时间点心电QRS波三维频谱的高频能量变化特征。结果Ⅰ组(PC)梗塞面积显著小于Ⅱ组(AMI组)(P<0.05),心电高频能量呈动态的变化过程,Ⅰ组(PC)W值在各点均低于Ⅱ组(AMI组)(P<0.05)且上升时间晚,上升幅度小。结论缺血预适应降低心肌能量消耗,使心肌在低能量水平维持较低的能量代谢水平,反映在心电高频能量上W值在低值变化,且变化剧烈程度降低,这也许是PC保护机制之一。     

高频手术设备检定方法

高频手术设备在临床使用中容易引发安全医疗事故,为保证高频手术设备在临床应用中使用安全,提出了加强技术管理、检测措施的必要性,介绍了高频手术设备主要技术指标的检测方法.     

Simultaneous action of MK-801 (dizclopine) on dopamine, glutamate, aspartate and GABA release from striatum isolated nerve endings

The simultaneous effect of MK-801 on the baseline- and depolarization (20 microM veratridine or 30 mM high K+)-evoked release of endogenous dopamine, glutamate (Glu), aspartate (Asp), and GABA is investigated in the same preparation of rat striatum isolated nerve endings. MK-801, in the microM range, selectively increases the baseline and high K+ depolarization-evoked release of dopamine, without causing any effect on the baseline or on the high K+-evoked release of Glu, Asp and GABA. In addition to this selective action on dopamine release, MK-801 inhibits the veratridine depolarization-evoked release of all the neurotransmitters tested, including dopamine. In SBFI and fura-2 preloaded striatal synaptosomes, MK-801 inhibits the elevation of internal Na+ (Na(i)) and the elevation of internal Ca2+ (Ca(i)) induced by veratridine depolarization. The elevation of Ca(i) induced by high K+ depolarization is unchanged by MK-801. This study reveals two separate MK-801 actions. (1) The voltage-independent action, which increases dopamine release selectively, and might contribute to the effects of MK-801 on motor coordination. (2) The voltage-dependent action, which inhibits all the veratridine-evoked responses including the evoked release of the excitatory amino acids (which are particularly concentrated in striatum nerve endings), and might contribute to the anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects of MK-801.     

原发性高血压患者瘦素及神经肽Y与血脂的关系

目的　研究原发性高血压患者瘦素及神经肽Y与血脂的相互关系。方法　对 116例原发性高血压患者及 2 6例健康对照者采用放免分析法测量瘦素 (LE)及神经肽Y(NPY)浓度 ,并同时测定血总胆固醇 (CH)、甘油三脂 (TG)及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL)浓度。结果　高血压组体重指数 (BMI)、血CH、TG、NPY及LEP浓度均显著高于正常对照组 ,而HDL浓度则显著低于正常对照组 (P均 <0 0 1)。相关分析显示 ,LE浓度与收缩压、舒张压、BMI、血CH、TG及NPY浓度呈显著正相关 (P均 <0 0 5 )。结论　血浆瘦素浓度升高可能是原发性高血压发病患机制之一 ,并通过神经肽Y的作用与原发性高血压患者发生血脂紊乱及肥胖有关     

双眼白内障摘除术后双眼视觉的测定

目的：了解双眼行白内障人工晶状体植入术后患者的双眼视功能恢复情况并探讨影响其恢复的因素。方法：对80例(160只眼)老年性白内障患者双眼均采用Phaco或小切口ECCE后房型人工晶状体植入术。术后检查矫正视力、同时视觉、融合功能及远、近距离立体视功能以及视网膜对应情况。结果：术后患者双眼矫正视力均≥0．3，其中矫正视力均≥0．5者76例(95％)，矫正视力均≥0．9者60例(75％)。术后均有同时视功能及一定的融合功能。近距离立体视检查：中心凹立体视(40″～60″)32例(占40％)，黄斑部立体视(80″-200″)30例(占37．5％)，周边部立体视(400″～800″)15例(占18．8％)，无立体视者3例(占3．7％)。远距离立体视中：中心凹立体视者65例(81．3％)，黄斑部立体视者12例(占15％)，周边部立体视者3例(占3．7％)。术后视网膜对应均正常。结论：双眼白内障摘除人工晶状体植入手术且双眼矫正视力均≥0．5者，均可较快地恢复一定程度的双眼视功能。     

选择性后房型人工晶状体植入前的后环形撕囊术

目的：探讨后囊膜增殖钙化的白内障摘出术后的后囊膜处理技术。方法：对42例(49只眼)后囊膜增殖钙化的白内障患者，于摘除白内障后在后囊膜旁中心处用破囊针头划出起始瓣，沿起始瓣边缘撕开一直径约3～4mm的类圆孔，再植入人工晶状体。结果：全部术眼后囊膜中央均有一透明类圆孔，术后无人工晶状体偏位或眼底异常改变。结论：后房型人工晶状体植入前的后环形撕囊术可使后囊膜增殖钙化的白内障获得视轴透明区，是安全有效地处置后囊膜混浊方法之一。     

Measurements of preferred walking speed in subjects with central and peripheral vision loss

BACKGROUND: Previous mobility studies have used Preferred Walking Speed (PWS) in order to determine the walking efficiency in terms of the Percent Preferred Walking Speed (PPWS) of visually impaired adults. PWS has been measured in previous studies using the sighted guide (SG) and non-sighted guide (NSG) techniques. This study compared the NSG, SG and string (ST) (subjects walked by holding on lightly to a cardboard tube attached to a piece of string) techniques of measuring PWS in visually impaired subjects. METHODS: Forty visually impaired subjects with central and peripheral vision loss were recruited. PWS was measured using the NSG, SG and ST techniques. For each technique, PWS was determined by recording the time taken for a subject to walk an unobstructed, straight 20-m corridor. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in PWS using the SG, NSG and ST techniques. CONCLUSION: For assessing walking efficiency, either the SG, NSG or ST technique could be employed when measuring PWS in visually impaired subjects.