再发性低血糖对幼鼠脑内GLUT1及GLUT3表达的影响

目的观察再发性低血糖后脑内葡萄糖转运蛋白1(glucose transporter 1,GLUT1)及葡萄糖转运蛋白3(GLUT3)表达的变化,从而探讨无症状低血糖的发生机制。方法将80只15日龄野生型小鼠随机分为正常对照组及低血糖组,每组40只。低血糖组给予正规胰岛素腹腔注射3次,每次剂量为5U/kg,对照组注射等体积生理盐水。两组分别在最后1次注射后12、24、48及72 h处死小鼠取脑组织(每组每时间点10只),应用免疫组化方法观察小鼠脑内GLUT1及GLUT3表达的变化。结果低血糖后脑内微血管上GLUT1表达有增加趋势,皮质增加高于海马,72 h皮质GLUT1表达显著高于对照组;低血糖后48、72 h皮质及海马GLUT3表达均显著高于相应对照组。结论再发性低血糖后脑内GLUT1及GLUT3适应性增高,这种适应既能节省神经元的能量代谢,但也能削减神经元对低血糖的反应。     

10502例体检者血糖、血脂和尿酸的检测

目的:了解成人各年龄段空腹血糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯和尿酸水平。方法:用酶法检测体检者空腹血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、血尿酸(UA)水平,用电极法检测GLU水平。结果:各年龄组血糖结果、空腹血糖受损率和糖尿病阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。50岁以前,TC和TG结果随年龄增加有所增高(P<0.05),50岁以后,维持相对稳定水平(P>0.05),高胆固醇阳性率在50岁前随年龄增加(P<0.01),50岁后变化不大(P>0.05),高甘油三酯阳性率在40岁前随年龄增加(P<0.01),40岁后除60~岁组发病最高,与各年龄组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)外,其它3个年龄组阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。尿酸浓度及高尿酸血症阳性率均是70岁以上组最高(为374.743±88.831μmol/L、28.3%),与其它各组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),男性30~49岁年龄段的尿酸结果(376.208±68.818μmol/L)虽较≥70岁组(387.638±87.838μmol/L)低,但却明显高于其于各年龄组(P<0.05)。总体男、女之间各项结果、糖尿病阳性率、高胆固醇血症、高甘油三酯、高尿酸血症阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而空腹血糖受损率的差异却无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:随年龄增长,空腹血糖受损、糖尿病、高脂血症发病率增加;30~49岁年龄段的男性尿酸结果呈现高水平状态;中、壮年的男性和绝经前后的女性是高脂血症和高尿酸血症的易发人群。     

多囊卵巢综合征患者妊娠后发生妊娠期糖尿病分析

目的：探讨多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）患者妊娠后发生妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）的分析。方法：对32例PCOS患者进行葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTD和胰岛素测定，在OGTT4项检测值中2项以上异常者诊断为GDM；1项异常者诊断为糖耐量低减（IG-GT）。结果：32例PCOS患者经OGTF试验有11例符合GDM诊断，占34．4％，8例符合IGGT诊断，占25．0％。28例对照组有2例符合GDM诊断，占7．1％，1例符合IGGT诊断，占3．6％。PCOS组和对照组比较，两组有显著意义（P〈0．05）。结论：PCOS患者是发生GDM和IGGT的高危人群，对相应患者应加强预防性监控。     

不同HIV蛋白酶抑制剂对鼠胰岛素瘤细胞功能的影响

目的：探讨不同HIV蛋白酶抑制剂对胰岛beta-细胞功能的影响。方珐：体外观察不同浓度ritonavir或amprenavir干预48h对鼠胰岛素瘤INS-1细胞葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素释放速率的影响，胰岛素测定采用ELISA法，并用细胞内DNA含量标准化。用苔盘蓝染色细胞计数、MTT试验评估ritonavir或amprenavir对INS-1细胞活力的影响。结果：Ritonavir治疗可以显著降低基础胰岛素分泌速率及葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素释放速率，并呈剂量依赖关系（r分别为-0．861，-0．839，均P〈0．01）。10μmol／L ritonavir分别降低基础胰岛素分泌和葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素释放达46％和47％。Amprenavir对胰岛素释放功能没有影响。结论：不同HIV蛋白酶抑制剂对胰岛beta-细胞功能的影响不同。     

乙醇对大鼠骨骼肌胰岛素信号传递分子表达的影响

目的　探讨乙醇对大鼠骨骼肌葡萄糖摄取能力和胰岛素受体 (IR)、胰岛素受体底物 1(IRS1)和胰岛素受体底物 2 (IRS2 )及葡萄糖转运体 4(glut4)表达的影响。方法　雄性Wistar大鼠 2 0只 ,随机分为对照组和饮酒组 ,每组 10只。饮酒组每天乙醇灌胃 1次 ,乙醇量为 5g (kg·d) ;对照组每天蒸馏水灌胃 1次 ,蒸馏水量 5g (kg·d)。喂养时间 5个月。测大鼠空腹血糖和胰岛素、口服糖耐量 2h血糖 ;体外胰岛素刺激实验检测骨骼肌糖摄取能力 ;用RT- PCR和Westernblot法测定IR、IRS1和IRS2mRNA和蛋白表达水平 ,Real- timePCR测定glut4mRNA水平。结果　与对照组相比 :(1)饮酒组大鼠空腹血糖、空腹血胰岛素和口服糖耐量 2h血糖未见差异 ;(2 )饮酒组大鼠骨骼肌细胞基础和胰岛素刺激后糖摄取能力显著下降 (P <0 . 0 5 ) ;(3 )饮酒组大鼠骨骼肌glut4mRNA水平显著下降 (饮酒组 :△CT =5 . 3 7± 0 .2 4,对照组 :△CT =4. 86± 0 .3 1,P <0 .0 1) ;(4 )饮酒组大鼠骨骼肌IR、IRS1和IRS2mRNA及蛋白水平明显增加 (P <0 . 0 5 )。结论　长期摄入乙醇可以通过下调glut4表达而损害大鼠骨骼肌胰岛素敏感性 ,而胰岛素受体及其底物 1、2表达呈代偿性上调。     

HPLC检测长春西汀葡萄糖注射液中降解产物5-羟甲基糠醛

目的建立测定长春西汀葡萄糖注射液中降解产物5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)含量的方法。方法采用HPLC法,色谱柱为KromasilODS-1C18(4.6mm×250mm);流动相为0.2%磷酸-甲醇(75∶25);流速1ml·min-1;检测波长284nm。以外标法测定5-HMF的含量。结果在1.0~20.0μg·ml-1范围内,对照品峰面积与浓度的线性关系良好(r=0.9999),加样平均回收率为99.5%,RSD=1.0%(n=5),最低检测浓度为7·7ng·ml-1。结论所用方法简便、准确、重复性好,可用于长春西汀葡萄糖注射液中降解产物5-HMF的检测。     

Methylamine but not mafenide mimics insulin-like activity of the semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase-substrate benzylamine on glucose tolerance and on human adipocyte metabolism

It has been reported that benzylamine reduces blood glucose in rabbits, stimulates hexose uptake, and inhibits lipolysis in mouse, rabbit, and human adipocytes. In the presence of vanadate, benzylamine is also able to improve glucose disposal in normoglycaemic and diabetic rats. Such insulin-mimicking properties are the consequence of hydrogen peroxide production during benzylamine oxidation by semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO). The aim of the study was to determine whether other SSAO-substrates could share such potential antidiabetic properties. Thus, mafenide, a synthetic antimicrobial sulfonamide structurally related to benzylamine, and which has been recently reported to interact with SSAO, was tested in the above mentioned models, in parallel with methylamine, a proposed endogenous SSAO-substrate. All tested amines stimulated glucose uptake and inhibited lipolysis in rat and mouse fat cells. Methylamine and benzylamine, but not mafenide, reduced the hyperglycaemic response during a glucose tolerance test in rabbits while the three amines tested were devoid of insulin-releasing activity under both in vivo and in vitro conditions. In human adipocytes, mafenide did not stimulate glucose transport since it was not a high-affinity substrate for SSAO and generated less hydrogen peroxide than benzylamine or methylamine. Therefore, mafenide could not be considered as an antidiabetic drug despite being oxidized and exhibiting insulin-mimicking effects in rat and mouse adipocytes. By contrast, the endogenous substrate methylamine improved glucose utilization in all in vitro and in vivo models, leading to consider novel SSAO substrates as drugs with potential anti-hyperglycaemic properties.     

针刺对糖尿病周围神经病变的影响

目的:观察针刺治疗糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)的疗效,并探讨其作用机理.方法:针刺肩髃、曲池、外关、合谷、环跳、足三里、三阴交、阳陵泉等治疗DPN患者68例,检测治疗前后血糖、血脂、血流变等及神经传导速度的变化.结果:显效43例,有效20例,无效5例,总有效率92.6%;神经传导速度提高,胰岛素、C肽、吗啡肽水平提高,与治疗前相比,差异有非常显著性意义(P＜0.01);血液黏稠度降低,与治疗前相比,差异有非常显著性意义(P＜0.01).结论:针刺治疗DPN疗效确切,其神经传导速度的提高可能与其血浆吗啡肽水平的提高有关.     

Parental loss of family members within two years of offspring birth predicts elevated absorption scores in college

Liotti proposed that interactions during infancy with a parent suffering unresolved loss could lead to vulnerabilities to altered states of consciousness. Hesse and van IJzendoorn provided initial support for Liotti’s hypothesis, finding elevated scores on Tellegen’s Absorption Scale - a normative form of dissociation - for undergraduates reporting that their parents had experienced the loss of family members within two years of their birth. Here, we replicated the above findings in a large undergraduate sample (N = 927). Additionally, we investigated mother’s and father’s losses separately. Perinatal losses, including miscarriage, were also considered. Participants reporting that the mother or both parents had experienced loss within two years of their birth scored significantly higher on absorption than those reporting only perinatal, only father, or no losses. While not applicable to the assessment of individuals, the brief loss questionnaire utilized here could provide a useful addition to selected large-scale studies.     

Starch digestibility modulation significantly improves glycemic variability in type 2 diabetic subjects: A pilot study

Background and aimsIn type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, the reduction of glycemic variability and postprandial glucose excursions is essential to limit diabetes complications, beyond HbA1c level. This study aimed at determining whether increasing the content of Slowly Digestible Starch (SDS) in T2D patients’ diet could reduce postprandial hyperglycemia and glycemic variability compared with a conventional low-SDS diet.Methods and resultsFor this randomized cross-over pilot study, 8 subjects with T2D consumed a controlled diet for one week, containing starchy products high or low in SDS. Glycemic variability parameters were evaluated using a Continuous Glucose Monitoring System.Glycemic variability was significantly lower during High-SDS diet compared to Low-SDS diet for MAGE (Mean Amplitude of Glycemic Excursions, p < 0.01), SD (Standard Deviation, p < 0.05), and CV (Coefficient of Variation, p < 0.01). The TIR (Time In Range) [140–180 mg/dL[ was significantly higher during High-SDS diet (p < 0.0001) whereas TIRs ≥180 mg/dL were significantly lower during High-SDS diet. Post-meals tAUC (total Area Under the Curve) were significantly lower during High-SDS diet.ConclusionOne week of High-SDS Diet in T2D patients significantly improves glycemic variability and reduces postprandial glycemic excursions. Modulation of starch digestibility in the diet could be used as a simple nutritional tool in T2D patients to improve daily glycemic control.Registration numberin clinicaltrials.gov: NCT 03289494.