Glucose attenuation of atropine-induced deficits in paradoxical sleep and memory

When administered systemically, glucose attenuates deficits in memory produced by several classes of drugs, including cholinergic antagonists and opiate agonists. Glucose also enhances memory in aged rats, mice, and humans. In addition, glucose ameliorates age-related reductions in paradoxical sleep. Because deficits in paradoxical sleep are most marked in those individual aged rats that also have deficits in memory, treatments which improve one of these functions may similarly improve the other. The present experiments show that glucose attenuates deficits in paradoxical sleep and memory after atropine administration, with similar dose-response curves for both actions. In the first experiment, rats received saline, atropine (1 mg/kg), glucose (100 mg/kg) or combinations of atropine + glucose (10, 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg) 30 min before assessment on a spontaneous alternation task. In the second experiment, 3-h EEGs were assessed for spontaneous daytime sleep in rats administered saline, atropine (1 mg/kg), glucose (100 mg/kg) or combinations of atropine + glucose (10, 100 and 250 mg/kg). In both experiments, glucose significantly attenuated deficits at an optimal dose of 100 mg/kg. A third experiment assessed blood glucose levels after injections of atropine + glucose (100 mg/kg) and determined that blood glucose levels were similar to those produced by other treatments which enhance memory. These results are consistent with the view that paradoxical sleep and at least one test of memory are similarly influenced by atropine and glucose.     

大黄总甙、大黄素和番泻甙对小鼠离体肠管葡萄糖转运电位的影响

本实验采用记录翻转小肠和结肠囊葡萄糖转运电位的方法,来研究大黄泻下作用的有效成分大黄总甙、大黄素和番泻甙对小肠及结肠囊跨肠壁电应差的变化,发现上述成分可阻止葡萄糖和Na~+的转运,这一结果为进一步阐明大黄泻下作用的原理提供新的理论依据。     

强化胰岛素治疗的2型糖尿病患者胰岛素脱离与否相关因素分析

目的比较强化胰岛素治疗的2型糖尿病患者在脱离胰岛素治疗和继续胰岛素治疗时的临床特点,分析脱离胰岛素的相关因素。方法统计66例入院的2型糖尿病患者的患病时间,检测开始胰岛素强化治疗、治疗过程、治疗结束时的糖化血红蛋白(HbA1 c)、体重指数(BM I)、胰岛素用量,观察脱离胰岛素所需时间。结果34例患者脱离胰岛素治疗,32例继续治疗,两组患者在年龄、治疗开始时间、BM I、HbA1 c差异均无统计学意义,而患病时间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),脱离时的胰岛素用量和HbA1 c比继续治疗患者显著减低(P<0.01)。结论患病时间长短是胰岛素脱离与否的重要因素,胰岛素投入量及HbA1 c数值对脱离胰岛素与否有积极作用。     

NO-1886对高糖高脂饲料喂养新西兰兔糖代谢的影响

合成药NO-1886是脂蛋白脂肪酶(LPL)的激动剂，能降低血浆甘油三酯(TG)并升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-c)水平。我们曾发现NO-1886还具有降低血糖的作用。本研究主要观察NO-1886对糖尿病兔胰岛素抵抗及β-细胞功能方面的影响。用高糖高脂饲料诱导，使新西兰兔血浆葡萄糖升高，发生胰岛素抵抗。在高糖高脂饲料中添加1％NO-1886进行治疗。结果：发现NO-1886可抑制血清葡萄糖升高，经糖耐量和胰岛素敏感性试验检测，NO-1886可保护胰岛素的急性相分泌，增强胰岛素对葡萄糖的清除能力。研究结果提示NO-1886具有改善胰岛素抵抗、降低血糖的作用。     

Free plasma magnesium following glucose loading in healthy humans

The recognized existence of a circadian pattern in extracellular magnesium balance might mirror either an inherent rhythm in the homeostasis of this ion or dietary factors. Since in vitro insulin enhances cellular magnesium uptake, the circadian rhythm in extracellular magnesium metabolism might be modulated at least in part by carbohydrate intake. To assess this hypothesis, the effects of oral glucose loading on plasma total and ionized magnesium were investigted in lean healthy humans with a negative family history for essential hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Plasma total and ionized magnesium was similar before glucose loading and 30, 60, 90, 180, and 210 min thereafter. It is therefore concluded that in healthy humans the circadian pattern of extracellular magnesium is not modulated by the metabolic and hormonal mechanisms that adjust the concentration of glucose. Received: 5 February 1997 / Accepted in revised form: 14 April 1997     

Alcohol consumption and impaired glycoregulation results in a population of 6665 salaried employees

Alcohol consumption and glycosuria were found to be associated (p < 0.001) in a population of 6571 salaried employees who underwent a systematic examination. The prevalence of glycosuria was found to range from 1.3% among 2609 non-drinkers to 5% among 816 heavy drinkers (six glasses or more of alcoholic beverage daily). This association was still significant after adjustement for age, sex and body mass index. Similarly, a positive association was observed between fasting glycemia and alcoholic intake in a subgroup of 998 subjects when such a result was available (p < 0.05).     

Reduced secretion of gastric inhibitory polypeptide in turner patients with impaired glucose tolerance

There is a well documented increase in the incidence of abnormal glucose tolerance in patients with Turner syndrome. To elucidate the pathophysiology of this phenomenon, we studied the serum concentrations of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) — as probably the most important hormonal factor of the entero-insular axis — in relation to impaired glucose tolerance in this syndrome. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed in 12 Turner patients with simultaneous determination of plasma glucose, insulin and GIP. An impaired glucose tolerance (iGT) was found in four patients with a chronological age between 12.3 and 14.9 years. These patients were compared with found Turner patients of similar age and weight and a normal glucose tolerance (nGT). The highest insulin level occurred 90 min after stimulation in the patients with iGT compared to 30 min in the nGT group. Interestingly, the total areas under the insulin curves were not different. Stimulated plasma GIP concentrations and the areas under the GIP curves wer significantly lower in iGT compared to nGT patients. A disturbed entero-insular axis might contribute to the delayed — rather than diminished — release of insulin in patients with Turner syndrome and impaired glucose tolerance.Deceased February 21, 1987     

脱细胞牛心包构建引导骨再生膜的初步研究

目的制备具有良好生物相容性和适宜降解吸收时间的引导骨组织再生（guided bone regeneration，GBR）膜材料。方法采用0．25％Trypsin＋0．5％Triton X-100酶联脱细胞法对新鲜牛心包进行脱细胞处理，将脱细胞牛心包（A组）、甘油保存脱细胞牛心包（B组）、碳化二亚胺[1-ethyl-3-（3-dimethylamino propyl）carbodiimide hydrochloride，EDAC]交联脱细胞牛心包（C组）、甘油保存EDAC交联脱细胞牛心包（D组）4种膜材料分别植入38只SD大鼠背部皮下，不植人材料为E组。于2、4、8和16周分别处死大鼠7、12、12和7只，观察周围组织反应及材料的降解吸收情况。结果4种材料植入动物体内均有不同程度的炎性反应和纤维囊膜形成。术后4周，A组和C组的炎性反应轻微，纤维包膜变薄。A组膜材料吸收替代时间为8周左右，C组吸收替代时间为16周左右；16周时B组和D组材料仍有纤维包膜。结论EDAC交联脱细胞牛心包具有良好的生物相容性和理想的降解性能，在动物体内能顺利被自体组织替代。     

茶水中锌含量分析方法研究

目的:建立测定茶水中锌含量的方法。方法:采用锌试剂吸光光度法测定茶水中锌含量。结果:在一定条件下,锌含量在0~80μg/25 ml范围内遵守朗伯比耳定律,方法的精密度(RSD)在1.38%~3.27%之间,回收率在94%~107%之内,检测限为5.2μg/L,表观摩尔吸光系数为2.2×104L/mol.cm。结论:本方法经用于茶水样品分析,结果符合要求。     

Disposition of a silicon-containing amide, an inhibitor of acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase, in dog and rat

The pharmacokinetics of 3-(decyldimethylsilyl)-N-[2-(4-methylphenyl)-1-phenylethyl]propanamide (DMPP), an inhibitor of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase, have been studied in the dog and the rat using 14C and 3H dual-labelled drug. In both species, gastrointestinal absorption of DMPP was slow and incomplete, amounting to approximately 20 per cent of the oral dose given in corn oil. In the rat, use of PEG-400, Tween 80, ethanol, and aqueous CMC as vehicles resulted in similar or lower absorption than corn oil. Absorbed DMPP was rapidly and extensively distributed to body tissues. Data from the rat showed highest concentrations of radioactivity in the liver and spleen, while concentrations in the adrenals and lung also markedly exceeded circulating radioactivity levels. In both dog and rat. DMPP was completely metabolized prior to excretion. The routes of biotransformation involved hydrolysis of the amide bond, oxidation of the phenyl ring, and degradation of the decyldimethylsilyl propanoyl moiety. The metabolites of DMPP were excreted slowly, predominantly in the faeces. The elimination half-life of 14C was 105 h in the dog and 83 h in the rat, while that of 3H was approximately 32 h in both species.