特布他林注射液联合3%氯化钠雾化治疗小儿肺炎

目的：探讨特布他林注射液联合3%氯化钠雾化治疗小儿肺炎的临床疗效。方法按照随机数字表法将86例小儿肺炎患儿分为实验组和对照组，实验组患儿给予特布他林注射液联合3%氯化钠雾化吸入治疗，对照组患儿给予小儿肺热咳喘口服液治疗，比较两组临床疗效、用药期间不良反应、临床症状消失时间、体温恢复正常时间及治疗时间。结果实验组患儿治愈率和总有效率均显著高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；实验组患儿各临床症状消失时间、体温恢复正常时间及治疗时间均显著低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；两组患儿治疗期间均未发现明显不良反应。结论特布他林注射液联合3%氯化钠雾化治疗小儿肺炎治愈率高，能够迅速改善患儿临床症状和体征，缩短治疗时间，临床疗效显著。     

Local vanadium release from a calcium sulfate carrier accelerates fracture healing

This study evaluated the efficacy of using calcium sulfate (CaSO₄) as a carrier for intramedullary delivery of an organic vanadium salt, vanadyl acetylacetonate (VAC) after femoral fracture. VAC can act as an insulin‐mimetic and can be used to accelerate fracture healing in rats. A heterogenous mixture of VAC and CaSO₄ was delivered to the fracture site of BB Wistar rats, and mechanical testing, histomorphometry, micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) were performed to measure healing. At 4 weeks after fracture, maximum torque to failure, effective shear modulus, and effective shear stress were all significantly higher (p < 0.05) in rats treated with 0.25 mg/kg VAC–CaSO₄ as compared to carrier control rats. Histomorphometry found a 71% increase in percent cartilage matrix (p < 0.05) and a 64% decrease in percent mineralized tissue (p < 0.05) at 2 weeks after fracture in rats treated with 0.25 mg/kg of VAC–CaSO₄. Micro‐CT analyses at 4 weeks found a more organized callus structure and higher trending maximum connected z‐ray. fraction for VAC–CaSO₄ groups. Evaluation of radiographs and serial histological sections at 12 weeks did not show any evidence of ectopic bone formation. As compared to previous studies, CaSO₄ was an effective carrier for reducing the dose of VAC required to accelerate femoral fracture healing in rats. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:727–734, 2014.     

Simulated downwind coal combustion emissions for laboratory inhalation exposure atmospheres

Exposure atmospheres for rodent inhalation toxicology studies were generated to enable the evaluation of biological responses to a simulated downwind coal combustion atmosphere. A composition representing a single test case of emissions components as they may exist tens to hundreds of miles from a coal-fired power plant was developed. The particulate matter (PM) was 99% sulfate (partially neutralized) and 1% ash. Sulfate was present in equimolar concentrations to sulfur dioxide (SO₂). Gaseous nitrogen species included nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and nitric acid (HNO₃). At the high-exposure level, the gaseous species target concentrations were 0.2?ppm SO₂, 0.6?ppm NO, 0.3?ppm NO₂, and 0.1?ppm HNO₃. The test atmosphere was produced by combining effluent from a laboratory coal combustor with sulfate generated through an evaporation–condensation generator. These atmospheres were used to conduct inhalation toxicology studies that have been previously reported.