一测多评技术在天麻药材质量评价中的应用

目的：采用一测多评技术同时测定天麻药材中多种成分的含量,为快速评价天麻药材质量、完善天麻药材的质量控制方法提供技术依据。方法：采用高效液相色谱法,以天麻素为内标物,建立其与对羟基苯甲醇、对羟基苯甲醛、巴利森苷的相对校对因子,并进行含量测定,实现一测多评。同时采用外标法测定15批天麻药材中天麻素、对羟基苯甲醇、对羟基苯甲醛、巴利森苷的含量,验证一测多评的准确性。结果：采用相对校正因子计算的含量值与外标法的实测值之间无显著性差异。结论：在对照品缺乏的情况下,以外标法测定天麻素,利用相对校正因子实现对天麻药材中对羟基苯甲醇、对羟基苯甲醛、巴利森苷的含量测定是可行的。     

不同产地和品种天麻的HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的 研究不同产地和不同品种天麻的HPLC指纹图谱.方法 色谱柱为Diamonil C18柱(250mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0.1％磷酸水溶液,梯度洗脱,检测波长220 nm,流速1 mL·min-1,柱温35℃.对20批天麻样品的HPLC指纹图谱进行相似度评价和聚类分析.结果 确立了13个共有峰,建立了天麻药材HPLC指纹图谱共有峰模式.20批不同产地和品种天麻的相似度为0.829 ～1.000,综合评判得分为-0.77～1.07.结论 建立的HPLC指纹图谱反映了天麻药材中的化学成分信息,同一产地天麻的化学成分趋同,而不同产地的天麻差异较大,表明产地因素对其化学成分的影响较大.     

天麻3个不同变型遗传关系的SRAP分析

目的 从分子水平上分析对比天麻的3个不同变型,探索其种内变异,为资源保护和良种选育奠定基础.方法 采用SRAP分子标记分析天麻3个不同变型的遗传关系.结果 筛选出7对SRAP引物,用PCR扩增11批天麻样品,得到145条清晰的带,其中110条具有多态性,多态百分率为75.86％;通过Nei&Li遗传相似系数(GS)计算,11批天麻的种质两两间的相似系数分布在0.36 ～ 0.93;UPGMA聚类分析将乌天麻聚为一类,红天麻与绿天麻聚为一类.结论 天麻的3个不同变型中,绿天麻和红天麻的亲缘关系较近,而乌天麻与前两者的遗传差异较大,亲缘关系较远.     

天麻的组织培养及快速繁殖

目的：利用组织培养方法快速繁殖成米麻作为种麻,为寻找出一简便可行的快繁天麻种麻的新途径提供理论依据。方法：天麻块茎或茎尖无菌离体培养,米麻块茎诱导培养基为1／2MS＋6－BA 1mg/L NAA0.5mg/L＋香蕉50mg/L;箭麻茎尖诱导培养基为1／2MS＋6－BA2mg/L NAAO.2mg/L。结果：小米麻经50d无菌培养后开始生长出新米麻,70d后原小米麻块茎上生长出多个分枝的新米麻;箭麻茎尖超过140d组织培养,茎尖分化、诱导形成原球茎,超过160d培养原球长大并开花。结论：天麻可以用组织培养方法快速繁殖成米麻作为种麻。     

丁苯酞联合天麻钩藤饮治疗风火上扰型急性期脑梗死的临床效果观察

目的观察丁苯酞联合天麻钩藤饮治疗风火上扰型急性期脑梗死的临床效果。方法选取在本院住院的急性脑梗死患者119例,随机分为治疗组59例与对照组60例,对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上加用丁苯酞联合天麻钩藤饮治疗,连续治疗30 d,比较两组治疗前后NIHSS、MRS及疗效。结果治疗组治疗后的NIHSS及MRS与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。治疗组总有效率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论丁苯酞联合天麻钩藤饮治疗风火上扰型急性期脑梗死较常规治疗能更快促进患者神经功能缺损重建,减少后遗症,提高患者生存质量,值得临床推广应用。     

Two new furaldehyde compounds from the rhizomes of Gastrodia elata

Two new compounds 5-[4′-(4″-hydroxybenzyl)-3′-hydroxybenzyloxymethyl]-furan-2-carbaldehyde (1) and 5-[4′-(4″-hydroxybenzyl)-3′-hydroxybenzyl]-furan-2-carbal-dehyde (2), together with two known 5-(4-hydroxbenzyloxymethyl)-furan-2-carbaldehyde] (3) and 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde (4), were isolated from the rhizome of Gastrodia elata. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and comparison of their spectral data with those reported previously. All compounds exhibited weak or no cytotoxicity against human colon carcinoma cell line (HT-29) and human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line (K-562).     

Anti-inflammatory action of phenolic compounds fromGastrodia elata root

Previous screening of the pharmacological action of Gastrodia elata (GE) root (Orchidaceae) showed that methanol (MeOH) extracts have significant anti-inflammatory properties. The anti-inflammatory agents of GE, however, remain unclear. In this experiment, MeOH extracts of GE were fractionated with organic solvents for the anti-inflammatory activity-guided separation of GE. Eight phenolic compounds from the ether (EtOEt) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fractions were isolated by column chromatography: 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (I), 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (II), benzyl alcohol (III), bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl) methane (IV), 4(4'-hydroxybenzyloxy)benzyl methylether (V), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol (VI), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (VII), and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid (VIII). To investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity of these compounds, their effects on carrageenan-induced paw edema, arachidonic acid (AA)-induced ear edema and analgesic activity in acetic acid (HAc)-induced writhing response were carried out in vivo; cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL 2H3) cells and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydroazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity were determined in vitro. These phenolic compounds not only had anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in vivo, but also inhibited COX activity and silica-induced ROS generation in a dose-dependent manner. Among these phenolic compounds, compound VII was the most potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic. Compound VII significantly inhibited silica-induced ROS generation and compound VI significantly increased DPPH radical scavenging activity. Compounds I, II and III significantly inhibited the activity of COX-I and II. These results indicate that phenolic compounds of GE are anti-inflammatory, which may be related to inhibition of COX activity and to anti-oxidant activity. Consideration of the structure-activity relationship of the phenolic derivatives from GE on the anti-inflammatory action revealed that both C-4 hydroxy and C-3 methoxy radicals of benzyl aldehyde play an important role in anti-inflammatory activities.     

天麻道地产区的形成与变迁

天麻在我国已有2 000多年应用历史,为名贵中药材。天麻产地最早的记载为魏晋时期《吴普本草》所述的山东泰山和河南嵩山,并一直以山东泰安及其周边地区为道地产区,但从民国开始天麻产地发生了较大变化,道地产区向西迁移到西南地区。因此该文通过文献考证和实地走访调查,探讨分析了天麻道地产区的形成过程与产地变迁情况,介绍了天麻人工栽培历史和当前主流产地,并从自然、社会、交通、人文和种质资源方面分析了天麻道地产区形成和产地变迁的原因,从而为天麻质量评价和栽培生产研究提供参考。     

天麻粉水浸出物抑制油酸诱导的HL-7702细胞三酰甘油蓄积的实验研究

目的：研究天麻粉水浸出物抑制油酸(OA)诱导的HL-7702细胞三酰甘油(TG)蓄积的作用及相关细胞信号通路。方法以1 mmol/L的OA诱导细胞脂肪变性,同时加入不同浓度的天麻粉水浸出物共同孵育24 h后测定细胞内TG含量。在Western blot实验中,细胞以天麻粉水浸出物做相应处理后检测AMP活化蛋白激酶α(AMPKα)和乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)的磷酸化水平。在使用compound C的实验中,细胞以10μmol/L的compound C预处理30 min,然后加入天麻粉水浸出物,共同孵育8 h后进行Western blot实验;或加入OA+天麻粉水浸出物,共同孵育24 h后测定细胞内TG含量。结果 OA孵育24 h后,HL-7702细胞内TG含量较对照细胞升高<(4.0±0.5)倍(P<0.01),天麻粉水浸出物使细胞内TG呈剂量依赖性降低。天麻粉水浸出物处理后能剂量和时间依赖性地激活HL-7702细胞的AMPK信号通路,表现为磷酸化AMPKα(p-AMPKα)和磷酸化ACC(p-ACC)的水平显著增加。 compound C预处理并与天麻粉水浸出物共同孵育后能完全阻断后者对AMPK通路的激活作用以及减少细胞内TG的药效。结论天麻粉水浸出物能显著抑制OA诱导的HL-7702细胞三酰甘油蓄积,此作用依赖于细胞内AMPK通路的激活。     

天麻降压胶囊的薄层鉴别

目的建立天麻降压胶囊的鉴别方法。方法采用薄层色谱鉴别。结果利用薄层色谱鉴别可检测出其中天麻、钩藤、牛膝、黄芩、罗布麻。结论方法简便、准确，可作为天麻降压胶囊的鉴别方法。