胃癌切除胃肠袢Roux—en—Y瓣式吻合术183例临床观察

目的 胃肠短袢Roux-en-Y瓣式吻合术的抗反流效果,探讨Roux淤积综合征的防治方法。方法 随访986年10月至1997年6月胃癌切除胃空肠短袢Roux-en-Y瓣式吻合术183例,通过症状调查,按改良Visick标准评级,有症状借助消化道钡餐、胃镜并活检、B超、CT检查排除吻合口狭窄、残胃溃疡和肿瘤复发后,确定短袢Roux-en-Y瓣式吻合术的抗反流效果及Roux淤积综合征的发病率。结果 172例（94．0％）获随访结果,5例不满2年因肿瘤复发死亡,3例术后胃瘫,2例因粘连性肠梗阻接受粘连松解术,2例因腹膜广泛种植转移癌致肠梗阻。可进行改良Visick评级165例,Ⅲ、Ⅳ级12例皆为肿瘤复发,未发现有明显症状的反流性胃炎,无倾倒综合症和Roux淤积综合征。结论 扩大胃的切除范围,同时缩短Roux袢的长度,可防治Roux淤积综合征,对空肠空肠吻合口进行抗反渡加工,短袢Roux-en-Y吻合抗反流效果满意。     

不透X线标志物法对胃排空及胃肠通过时间的测定

目的:评价自制不透X线标志物的临床应用价值,并确定正常人胃排空及胃肠道通过时间的正常值。方法:采用X线法对60例健康志愿者餐后1 h、2 h3、h的胃排空及24 h4、8 h肠道标志物排出情况进行观察。结果:正常人标准餐后3 h胃排空率为41.1±30.0%,24 h和48 h肠道标志物排出率分别为73.5±29.8%、99.0±20.9%。结论:自制的标志物具有良好的屏蔽功能;X线法胃排空及胃肠通过时间测定方法简单实用,值得临床推广。     

Sentinel node biopsy using dye and isotope double tracers in early gastric cancer

Background The results of sentinel node (SN) biopsy have been improved by the use of dye and isotope double tracers in melanoma and breast cancer. However, the usefulness of this double tracer technique has not been determined in gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of improving SN biopsy results by using double tracers in gastric cancer.Methods Sixty-four gastric adenocarcinoma patients preoperatively diagnosed as cT1N0, were enrolled in the study. ^99mTc tin colloid was injected by preoperative endoscopy, and lymphoscintigraphy was performed prior to operation. After laparotomy, isosulfan blue was intraoperatively injected using an endoscope. Blue-stained or radioactive nodes were identified and defined as SNs. Gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy was performed in all patients. All dissected lymph nodes were evaluated for metastasis by hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry.Results SN detection rates using dye, isotope, or both tracers were 95.3%, 84.4%, and 96.9%, respectively, and their corresponding sensitivities were 52.9%, 52.9%, and 70.6%. In the pT1 subset, the sensitivity of the double tracer was 87.5%; and in a subset of tumors with diameter <4.5 cm, this was also 87.5%.Conclusions These findings confirm that SN biopsy results are improved by using double tracers in gastric cancer and suggest that SN biopsy is suitable in cases of small-sized early gastric cancer.     

Prognostic Significance of VEGF Expression in Correlation With COX-2, Microvessel Density,and Clinicopathological Characteristics in Human Gastric Carcinoma

Background Many studies have shown that angiogenesis plays an important role in the process of cancer development and progression. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has a potent angiogenic activity, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) supports angiogenesis by regulated production of angiogenic factors, including VEGF. The purpose of this study was to examine the expression of VEGF in combination with COX-2 and CD34, their correlation with various clinicopathological factors, and their prognostic significance in human gastric carcinoma. Methods Specimens from 169 patients with different grade and stage gastric carcinoma were investigated by immunohistochemistry for COX-2 and VEGF expression. Tumor microvessel density was assessed with CD34 immunostaining. Correlations between the expression of VEGF, COX-2, CD34, and various clinicopathological factors were studied. The effect of these proteins on patient survival was determined. Results COX-2 and VEGF were positively expressed in 36.7% and 50.3% of the patients, respectively. Positive correlation was found between VEGF and COX-2 and between VEGF and CD34. VEGF expression was correlated with depth of invasion; metastatic lymph nodes; lymphatic and venous invasion; and tumor, node, metastasis system stage. Patients with positive staining for VEGF showed far lower disease-free (64.9% vs. 81.3%) and overall (58.3% vs. 76.9%) survival rates than VEGF-negative patients. In multivariate analysis, only tumor location, depth of invasion, and lymph node metastasis were shown to be independent prognostic factors. Conclusions VEGF expression correlates with angiogenesis and tumor progression and is a valuable prognostic factor in patients with gastric carcinoma.     

晚期胃癌新辅助化疗的初步临床研究

目的：评价晚期胃癌新辅助化疗的近期疗效，并比较静脉化疗和介入化疗的效果。方法：取20例术前分期为Ⅲb或Ⅳ期的胃癌病人，随机分为两组，分别接受静脉化疗或介入化疗，化疗方案为LV/5-FU CDDP THP,2－4个疗程后作超声胃镜及螺旋CT等复查，重新分期和评价临床疗效，并视情况进行手术治疗。对切除的胃癌标本进行病理学研究，并与临床分期相近的10例未行化疗者进行比较。结果：20例胃癌病人中，10例化疗后TNM分期降低（50％），14例获手术切除（70％）。介入化疗组的临床疗效优于静脉化疗组，但差别无显著意义（P＞0．05）；病理学检查提示介入化疗组的组织学疗效（87．5％）明显优于静脉化疗组（33．3％）及对照组（20．0％）（P＜0．05），而后两者之间无明显差异（P＞0．05）。结论：（1）新辅助化疗在降低晚期胃癌的临床分期和提高手术切除率方面有一定作用；（2）初步结果表明，介入化疗的效果优于静脉化疗。     

Surgery for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors of the Stomach

Background  Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the main mesenchymal neoplasms in the gastrointestinal tract. Tumor size, mitotic rate, and location correlate with potential malignancy and recurrence rate. Results of surgical treatment of gastric GIST are analyzed with emphasis on recurrence of disease after intermediate follow-up. Methods  From 1998 to 2006, a total of 63 patients (median age 62.1 ± 14.1) underwent gastric resection for GIST. Fifty-five patients (93.6%) returned for follow-up investigations, which included computed tomography in 45, gastroscopy in 32, and endosonography in 29. Positron emission tomography was done in five patients. Results  Mean tumor size was 5.3 ± 3.8 cm. Open atypical gastric resection was done in 32, distal gastric resection in five, and remnant gastrectomy in four patients. Laparoscopic gastric resection was initiated in 22 patients; the conversion rate was four of 22 (18.2%). Overall, R0 resection was reached in 61/63 patients (96.8%). According to the Fletcher criteria, 33 tumors (52.4%) were classified as intermediate or high risk GIST. Six patients (9.5%) died of unrelated causes before follow-up. After a median follow-up of 2.5 years, overall recurrence rate was 7.0% after R0 resection. Conclusion  Histologically proven complete resection is an effective treatment for gastric GIST. Laparoscopic procedures were carried out successfully in selected patients. Preliminary data were presented at the annual meeting of the European Association of Endoscopic Surgeons, Berlin 2006. No research grants funded this study.     

腹腔镜辅助D_2根治术治疗进展期胃癌术后并发症危险因素的Logistic分析

目的:分析腹腔镜辅助D2根治术治疗进展期胃癌术后并发症发生的危险因素。方法:收集2011年2月—2013年2月以腹腔镜辅助D2根治术治疗的进展期胃癌患者90例,通过Logistic回归模型分析术后发生并发症的相关危险因素。结果:90例患者均顺利完成手术,共发生Ⅱ级及其以上系统并发症21例次(23.3%),发生Ⅱ级及其以上局部并发症14例次(15.6%),Logistic分析发现,系统并发症的发生与年龄及伴随疾病的数量有关,局部并发症的发生与年龄、重建方式及是否行术前新辅助化疗有关。结论:腹腔镜辅助D2根治术是治疗进展期胃癌的手段之一,但应注意控制年龄、伴随疾病、重建方式、术前新辅助化疗等并发症危险因素,以保障手术安全及术后恢复。     

p16、p53、CerbB2和ki-67在胃癌及癌前病变中的表达及意义

目的:探讨p16、p53、Cerb B2和ki-67在慢性胃炎、异型增生、胃癌及癌旁组织中的表达及临床意义。方法:采用免疫组织化学SP法对慢性胃炎组织、异型增生组织、胃癌组织及癌旁组织分别行p16、p53、Cerb B2和ki-67检测。结果:p16在慢性胃炎、低级别异型增生、高级别异型增生、胃癌及癌旁组织中的表达阳性率分别为25.49%、30.39%、33.93%、33.55%和32.69%。p53在慢性胃炎、低级别异型增生、高级别异型增生、胃癌及癌旁组织中的表达阳性率分别为0、0、21.43%、50.00%和13.46%。Cerb B-2在慢性胃炎、低级别异型增生、高级别异型增生、胃癌及癌旁组织中的表达阳性率分别为0、0、14.29%、25.66%和9.62%。ki-67在慢性胃炎、低级别异型增生、高级别异型增生、胃癌及癌旁组织中的表达阳性率分别为15.69%、43.14%、57.14%、75.66%和42.31%。结论:p16、p53、Cerb B-2和ki-67在癌前病变中异常表达,可作为判断胃癌及癌前病变的重要参考指标。     

羟乙基淀粉130/0.4急性高容量血液稀释对脓毒症兔肠粘膜屏障的影响

目的 探讨羟乙基淀粉130/0.4(HES 130/0.4)急性高容量血液稀释(AHH)对脓毒症兔肠粘膜屏障的影响.方法 健康新西兰兔30只,体重2.0～3.0 kg,雌雄不拘,随机分为假手术组(S组)、脓毒症组(SEP组)和AHH组,每组10只.采用改良升结肠持续引流致腹膜炎(CASP)的方法制备兔脓毒症模型,AHH组于CASP后4 h静脉输注HES 130/0.4 20 ml/kg,速率为20 ml/min.于CASP后4 h(AHH前)、5、6、7、8 h时记录平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR);于CASP后4 h和8 h时开腹观察腹腔情况,取颈动脉血及肠系膜上静脉血各1 ml用于血气分析、计算肠氧摄取率和测定血浆D-乳酸浓度.于CASP后8 h时取小肠组织,计算肠组织湿/干重比(W/D),光镜下观察肠粘膜病理学结果,采用Chiu评分评价肠粘膜损伤情况.结果 与S组比较,SEP组CASP后MAP降低、HR升高、肠系膜上静脉血乳酸浓度升高、BE和pH值降低、肠氧摄取率降低、血浆D-乳酸浓度和Chiu评分升高(P＜0.05),肠粘膜损伤严重;与SEP组比较,AHH组CASP后MAP升高、HR降低,CASP后8 h时肠系膜上静脉血乳酸浓度降低、BE和pH值升高、肠氧摄取率增高、血浆D-乳酸浓度和Chin评分降低(P＜0.05),肠粘膜损伤减轻.结论 HES 130/0.4 AHH可减轻脓毒症兔肠粘膜屏障损伤.     

全胃切除食管粘膜与空肠乳头状吻合术58例报告

目的减少全胃切除术后食管空肠吻合口并发症,提高生存质量。方法常规全胃切除并行淋巴结廓清术,食管粘膜延长３～４ｃｍ,与空肠吻合,包埋后食管粘膜自身折叠形成乳头状置入肠腔内,起瓣膜作用。结果接受治疗的患者５８例,恢复顺利,无返流性食管炎、贫血表现,餐中、餐后无不适。结论食管粘膜与空肠乳头状吻合术,可有效地防止全胃切除术后并发症。