正常小鼠胃肠运动昼夜节律及药物作用的影响

目的：观察小鼠胃肠运动昼夜节律及药物对节律的影响。方法：小鼠不同时间点灌胃给予蒸馏水及实验药物，同步测定胃排空及小肠推进运动情况。结果：小鼠胃排空及小肠推进运动存在昼夜节律；普瑞博思促进胃肠运动存在时间效应，但对节律无明显影响；阿托品抑制胃肠运动可使原有昼夜节律消失。结论：小鼠胃肠运动功能存在昼夜节律，药物对胃肠运动功能的作用存在时间效应，可使节律发生不同变化。     

胃液乳酸定量测定对中晚期胃癌的意义

用比色法测定148例胃癌和非胃癌患者胃液乳酸含量,包括正常对照36例。胃癌患者胃液乳酸含量明显增高,与胃良性疾病及正常人比较,差异非常显著(p<0.001),重叠甚少,有助于初步鉴别胃良性和恶性疾病。     

On the natural course of oral lichen lesions in a Swedish population-based sample

OBJECTIVES: The aim was to assess the natural course of oral lichen lesions (OLL) among unselected, non-consulting individuals. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cohort of 327 subjects with OLL, confirmed in 1973-1974 during a population-based survey in two Swedish municipalities, was followed through January 2002 via record linkages with nationwide and essentially complete registers. A sample of 80 drawn from the 194 surviving subjects who still resided in the area in 1993-1995 was invited for interview and oral re-examination. RESULTS: At the end of follow-up, one case of oral cancer was detected, while 0.4 were expected. The overall mortality among subjects with OLL was not significantly different from that in the 15,817 OLL-free subjects who participated in the initial population based survey in 1973-1974. The lesion had disappeared in 14 (39%) of 36 re-examined subjects with white OLLs in 1973-1974, and four (11%) had transformed into red types. In the corresponding group of 19 with red forms initially, five (26%) had become lesion free and four (21%) had switched to white types. Although the cohort size does not permit firm conclusions regarding oral cancer risk, the natural course over up to 30 years appears to be benign in the great majority.     

p21WAF1与p27KIP1真核双表达载体的构建鉴定及在胃癌细胞中的表达

目的 构建p21WAF1与p27KIP1真核双表达载体,体外转染胃癌7901细胞,观察其在胃癌细胞中的表达及相关特性.方法 提取人全血总RNA,利用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)扩增p21WAF1和p27WAF1基因并将其分别克隆到真核双表达载体pIRES中构建重组质粒pIPES-p27KIP1-p21WAF1,经酶切和测序鉴定重组质粒.脂质体介导重组质粒plRES-p27KIP1.p21WAF1"转染胃癌7901细胞,收集并提取转染后12、24、48、72 h和5 d各细胞的总RNA,逆转录成cDNA,荧光定量聚合酶链反应(FQ-PCR)检测各细胞中p21WAF1和p27KIP1在RNA水平的表达.带有绿色荧光蛋白的pIRES-EGFP作为对照.结果 RT-PCR扩增分别获得约500和600 bp大小的产物,重组质粒pIRES-p27KIP1.p21WAF1经酶切和测序鉴定证实为p21WAF1和p27KIP1基因.转染胃癌7901细胞48 h时转染率为68%.与空质粒对照组比较,重组质粒转染胃癌7901细胞12、24、48、72 h和5 d后FQ-PCR证实p27KIP1的Ct值(cycle threshold,Ct)分别减少8.2、10、10、7.4和6.7,p21WAF1的Ct值分别减少7.4、8.2、8.2、6.3和5.70其中24 h和48 h的Ct值减少最大.结论 真核双表达载体pIRES-p27KIP1.p21WAF1构建成功并能在胃癌7901细胞内高效表达.     

A nationally representative survey of hospital malnutrition: the Italian PIMAI (Project: Iatrogenic MAlnutrition in Italy) study

Aim and methods  Nutrition, unhealthy lifestyles and cancer appear to be strictly related, but few authors have analysed the interest in dietary information of cancer patients and their families. This survey was conducted in the Veneto area (Italy) to investigate the concern of cancer patients and their family members about diet as a health tool before and after diagnosis of cancer. Results  Seven hundred and four questionnaires were collected: 380 from cancer patients and 324 from family members of cancer subjects. Breast cancer (BC) was the most frequent disease for patients (61.8%) as well as families (26.5%). Generally, the importance of having precise diet information after diagnosis is recognised by 40.3% of patients, with significant differences between the various types of cancer: gastric and colon/rectum cancer (GCC) patients were more concerned than BC women about precise information concerning a diet to follow immediately after diagnosis (p = 0.000, ODs = 3.10, CI 1.68–5.71) or during treatments (p = 0.001, ODs = 2.67, CI 1.46–4.89). The nutritional information is supplied to patients in 34% of cases and to relatives in 30.3%, often from non-medical sources. In total healthcare workers (family doctor, oncologist, surgeon, dietician) represented the exclusive source of dietary information for 24.9% of patients and 22.9% of family members. Diet after diagnosis changes in 69.1% of GCC patients and in 39.2% of BC women. Relatives, particularly women, report difficulties preparing patients’ meals in 30.7% of cases, changes in the eating habits of the entire family in 29.9% and discontent connected with patients diet in 13.9%. The concern about proper nutrition after diagnosis increases more in GCC subjects (p < 0.025) when compared to BC subjects and in patients with more recent diagnosis (p < 0.041) when compared with patients with diagnosis >5 years ago, while in family members the interest in diet after diagnosis increases more in women than in men (p < 0.030) without other differences regarding the degree of relationship, type of cancer or diagnosis time. Relatives (92.7%) have more interest in nutritional education than patients (74.9%). Cancer patients <65 years were more interested in educational initiatives concerning nutrition (p = 0.000, ODs = 4.46, CI 2.6–7.4) than older patients (>65 years) and female subjects were more concerned than male patients (p = 0.008, ODs = 2.11, CI 1.2–3.6). Conclusions  The interest in the dietary knowledge and in educational initiatives concerning nutrition is high in cancer patients and their relatives, although it decreases with the age. The poor attention paid to nutrition of cancer patients by various healthcare workers deserves consideration, since the psychophysical wellbeing and perhaps also survival of cancer patients can be improved by correct dietary management, as well as, naturally, by the principal treatments themselves.     

Gastrogastric fistula: a possible complication of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

BACKGROUND: Gastrogastric fistula is a communication between the proximal gastric pouch and the distal gastric remnant, rarely described in the realm of bariatric procedures. The aim of this study was to review the existing literature about this topic and to demonstrate its laparoscopic treatment. METHODS: An extensive literature review found several articles reporting this complication. However, no citation was found describing the steps of the laparoscopic management of this situation. RESULTS: Gastrogastric fistula occurs in up to 6% of Roux-en-Y gastric bypasses. Two theories exist for fistula formation: (1) it is a technical complication derived from the incomplete division of the stomach during the creation of the pouch, and (2) it occurs after a staple-line failure, developing a leak with an abscess, which then drains into the distal stomach forming the fistula. Early symptoms include fever, tachycardia, and abdominal pain. Failure in weight loss is a late clinical sign observed in these patients. Diagnosis is based on radiologic study, upper endoscopy and computed tomography. When identified in the acute postoperative course, laparoscopic treatment is easy. Chronic fistulas are difficult to manage, and the laparoscopic approach is an alternative to open surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Gastrogastric fistula is a possible complication of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and its laparoscopic treatment is feasible.     

Microvascular abnormalities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Microvascular involvement represents one of the first apparent steps in many autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Early in the disease, peripheral microangiopathy may be easily recognized and studied by videocapillaroscopy. The aim of this study has been to observe the differences in labial microcirculation between healthy patients and patients suffering from RA. A total of 30 healthy patients and 30 patients suffering from RA were examined. The patients with conditions known to compromise microcirculation, such as diabetes, hypertension, or some pharmacological treatments were not included in the study. All the patients were non-smokers. Labial capillaroscopy was used to investigate the characteristics of microcirculation. Visibility, course, tortuosity, as well as the possible presence of microhemorrhages, the average caliber of the capillary loops and the number of visible capillary loops per square millimeter were evaluated for each patient. The investigation was simple, non-invasive, and repeatable for each patient. In patients suffering from RA, it was possible to observe a reduced caliber of capillaries, as well as greater elongated capillaries, in comparison to controls. This study shows that capillary alterations in patients suffering from RA occur in labial mucosa microcirculation; such evidence could be extremely important in the diagnosis of suspected RA.     

健肝愈胃汤合西药治疗门脉高压性胃病临床观察

目的探讨中药健肝愈胃汤（自拟）、西药心得安、奥美拉唑、胶态果胶铋胶囊联合治疗门脉高性胃病（PHG）的疗法。方法将136例PHG患者随机分成两组,对照组52例常规口服心得安、奥美拉唑、果胶铋;治疗组84例在常规服用以上西药的同时服用中药健肝愈胃汤。两组疗程均为2个月。结果治疗组临床治疗总有效率89.3%。显效率46.4%;对照组临床治疗总有效率80.7%,显效率13.5%。两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论中药健肝愈胃汤、西药心得安、奥美拉唑、果胶铋联合治疗PHG疗效显著。     

胃癌腹腔冲洗液多巴脱羧酶mRNA的检测

目的：通过检测胃癌腹腔冲洗液中DDCmRNA的表达，探讨多巴胶羟酶（DDC）与胃癌腹膜转移的关系，并为胃癌腹膜转移预测和亚临床转移的筛检提供新的方法．方法：用RNA提取和RT-PCR方法检测92例胃癌腹腔冲洗液中DDCmRNA的表达，同时做腹腔冲洗细胞学（PLC）检查；10例良性疾病的腹腔冲洗液作为阴性对照，结果：92例胃癌腹腔冲洗液中有57例检测到DDCmRNA的表达（62．0％），其表达阳性率与胃癌腹膜转移的PS因素密切相关（P〈0．05）；且胃癌腹腔冲洗液中DDCmRNA的表达水平还与胃癌浸润深度、浆膜类型、PLC检查结果以及是否存在肉眼腹膜转移有关，浸润深度深、浆膜受侵程度重、PLC检查结果阳性及存在肉眼腹膜转移病灶者的DDCmRNA表达相对值明显升高（P〈0．05）；而10例良性疾病腹腔冲洗液均未检测到DDCmRNA的表达．结论：胃癌腹腔液中DDCmRNA的表达与胃癌腹膜转移密切相关，通过RT—PCR来检测DDCmRNA适用于胃癌腹膜转移的预测和亚临床转移的筛检。