共聚焦内镜对胃黏膜肠上皮化生诊断价值的初步研究

目的探讨共聚焦内镜对胃黏膜肠上皮化生诊断的可行性及准确度。方法对受检者胃底、胃体、胃窦行全面的普通内镜视野扫查后，对胃窦、胃体、贲门部位进行共聚焦图像采集，并在图像采集部位取活组织进行病理检查，然后将共聚焦图像诊断结果与病理诊断进行对照分析。结果扫查部位共42个，其中贲门4个，胃体5个，胃窦33个。共聚焦内镜诊断的符合率为90．5％（38／42），敏感度为100．0％（15／15），特异度85．2％（23／27），阳性预测值为78．9％（15／19），阴性预测值为100．0％（23／23）。结论共聚焦内镜能够显示出胃黏膜肠上皮化生的主要形态，对于肠上皮化生的诊断具有较高的准确度、敏感性以及阴性预测值。     

充血性心力衰竭伴消化道症状患者的胃液体排空功能

观察了２７例充血性心力衰竭伴消化道症状患者的胃液体排空功能。结果发现，与正常人比较，心力衰竭患者胃排空时间延迟（２８．１２±６．３３ｍｉｎ比３５．３０±１０．２８ｍｉｎ，Ｐ＜０．０１），胃体收缩频率降低（Ｐ＜０．００１），血浆胃泌素水平较低。消化道症状及心力衰竭严重程度与胃排空障碍有关。说明胃动力学障碍是充血性心力衰竭患者产生消化道症状的机制之一。     

幽门螺杆菌感染与胃粘膜增殖细胞核抗原表达的关系

目的探讨幽门螺杆菌（Ｈｐ）感染对胃粘膜细胞增殖活性的影响．方法采用免疫组化法，观察３４例Ｈｐ阳性的慢性胃病患者（男１９例，女１５例）胃窦粘膜增殖细胞核抗原标记指数（ＰＣＮＡＬＩ），同时以１２例Ｈｐ阴性的慢性胃病患者作对照，并对Ｈｐ阳性患者进行抗Ｈｐ治疗，４周后复查ＰＣＮＡＬＩ．结果Ｈｐ感染胃窦粘膜ＰＣＮＡＬＩ较无Ｈｐ感染显著增高（２９０２±１０２３比１４３１±６８７，Ｐ＜００１）；Ｈｐ根除（ｎ＝２４）后胃窦粘膜ＰＣＮＡＬＩ由２８１１±１１５降至１７６８±９６５（Ｐ＜００１），而Ｈｐ未根除（ｎ＝１０）时则无显著降低（２９１７±８１４→２４４２±７４４，Ｐ＞００５）．Ｈｐ感染时胃粘膜ＰＣＮＡＬＩ与炎症程度正相关（Ｐ＜００５），但与Ｈｐ菌量无相关（Ｐ＞００５）．结论Ｈｐ感染可增加胃粘膜细胞增殖活性，从而增加胃癌发生的危险性，根除Ｈｐ后可纠正这一变化，对预防胃癌发生可能有重要意义．     

MYC and gastric adenocarcinoma carcinogenesis

MYC is an oncogene involved in cell cycle regulation, cell growth arrest, cell adhesion, metabolism, ribosome biogenesis, protein synthesis, and mitochondrial function. It has been described as a key element of several carcinogenesis processes in humans. Many studies have shown an association between MYC deregulation and gastric cancer. MYC deregulation is also seen in gastric preneoplastic lesions and thus it may have a role in early gastric carcinogenesis. Several studies have suggested that amplification is the main mechanism of MYC deregulation in gastric cancer. In the present review, we focus on the deregulation of the MYC oncogene in gastric adenocarcinoma carcinogenesis, including its association with Helicobacterpylori （Hpylon] and clinical applications.     

Modifiable Failures in the Colorectal Cancer Screening Process and Their Association With Risk of Death

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Improvement by eicosanoids in cancer cachexia induced by LLC-IL6 transplantation

Cachexia frequently occurs in the late stages of cancer, and is difficult to manage. We previously reported that interleukin-6 (IL-6) cDNA transfection into Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC-IL6) induced cachexia-like symptoms in C57BL/6 mice. This was thought to be a useful experimental model of cancer cachexia. We have examined the effects of two eicosanoids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), in order to evaluate whether they could relieve cachexia. LLC-IL6-bearing animals were divided into three treatment groups receiving DHA, EPA or water as the control; 80-l samples of these compounds (purity>95%) were administered orally by catheter daily starting 7 days after tumor transplantation. Tumor growth curves were similar in the three groups. There were no differences in water or food intake in the three groups. However, body weight, a marker of cachexia, was significantly higher in treated mice than in the control group. Sixteen days after tumor transplantation, the mean body weight was 17.45 g (P<0.05), 17.2 g and 16.41 g in the groups receiving DHA, EPA and water respectively. The eicosanoids did not affect serum levels of IL-6. Ubiquitination of muscle protein, a marker of proteolysis coupled to cachexia, was compared in LLC-IL6-and LLC-transplanted mice. The eicosanoids prevented the ubiquitination of approximately 180 kDa protein. These results suggest that eicosanoids may prevent the cachexia mediated by IL-6.Abbreviations DHA docosahexaenoic acid - EPA eicosapentaenoic acid - LLC Lewis lung carcinoma - IL interleukin     

OB glue paste technique for establishing nude mouse human gastric cancer orthotopic transplantation models

AIM： To establish nude mouse human gastric cancer orthotopic transplantation models using OB glue paste technique. METHODS： Using OB glue paste technique, orthtopic transplantation models were established by implanting SGC-7901 and NKN-45 human gastric cancer cell strains into the gastric wall of nude mice. Biological features, growth of the implanted tumors, the success rate of transplantation and the rate of auto-metastasis of the two models were observed. RESULTS： The success rates of orthotopic transplanration of the two models were 94.20% and 96%. The rates of hepatic metastasis, pulmonary metastasis, peritoneal metastasis, lymphocytic metastasis and splenic metastasis were 42.13% and 94.20%, 48.43% and 57.97%, 30.83% and 36.96%, 67.30% and 84.06%, and 59.75% and 10.53%, respectively. The occurrence of ascites was 47.80% and 36.96%. CONCLUSION： OB glue paste technique is easy to follow. The biological behaviors of the nude mouse human gastric cancer orthotopic transplantation models established with this technique are similar to the natural processes of growth and metastasis of human gastric cancer, and, therefore, can be used as an ideal model for experimental research of proliferative metastasis of tumors.     

胃肝样腺癌的临床与病理关系初步探讨

背景：胃肝样腺癌具有独特的病理形态和临床特点，但临床和病理医师对此尚来引起足够重视。目的：探讨血清甲胎蛋白（APF）阳性的胃肝样腺癌的组织学表现、临床特点及其与预后的关系。方法：2001年1月-2003年12月期间于上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院病理证实为胃肝样腺癌者6例，同期随机选取胃低分化腺癌和原发性肝细胞癌（HCC）30例作为埘照，统一行组织学、免疫组织化学检查和临床特点分析。结果：6例胃肝样腺癌患者发病平均年龄66．8岁．发病时血清AFP84-2230ng／ml，6例中2例复发，2例肝转移，平均存活17个月；具有与HCC相似的组织学表现．即多呈实体状，小梁状．大梁状，血管血窦丰富，癌细胞血管淋巴管侵犯多见，免疫组织化学染色AFP均阳性．而HepParl阴性，癌细胞为CD34阳性的血管分割成小梁状。胃低分化腺癌组织学主要表现为实体巢状或弥散分布，免疫组化染色显示癌细胞AFP和HepParl阴性。原发性HCC组织学表现为实体状，小梁状，大梁状以及有丰富的血管血窦．免疫组织化学染色显示癌细胞HepParl阳性。结论：血清AFP阳性的胃肝样腺癌具有发病年龄高、易于复发或肝脏转移、预后差的临床特点。组织学上，胃肝样腺癌与HCC相似，但癌细胞AFP阳性、HepParl阴性可与胃低分化腺癌（AFP和HepParl均阴性）和原发性HCC（HepParl阳性）相鉴别。     

p53 point mutations in primary human gastric carcinomas

Summary p53 point mutations in primary gastric carcinomas were analyzed by performing cDNA deoxynucleotide sequencing of the gene. Out of 16,9 (56.3%) primary gastric carcinoma cases, including early cancer, showed one or more p53 point mutations in their open-reading frame, and 4 out of 9 cases had a p53 point mutation within highly conserved domains. The characteristics of the p53 mutation spectrum observed in primary tumors were (a) frequent mutation at an A:T pair (50%, 7 out of 14 mutations), (b) high transversion incidence (29%, 4 out of 14 mutations), (c) no transition at CpG, and (d) no G:C to T:A transversion. Our results suggest that p53 mutation is a common event in gastric carcinoma occurring from the early stage of progression with its specific mutation spectrum.Abbreviation PCR-SSCP polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism