气相色谱法测定环孢素口服溶液中乙醇和丙二醇含量

目的：建立气相毛细管色谱法测定环孢素口服溶液中的乙醇和丙二醇含量;方法：色谱柱为TG-624(30 m × 0.25 mm × 1.4 μm),采用程序升温;进样口温度：200 ℃;检测器温度：220 ℃;柱流量：0.2 ml.min^-1;进样量：1 μl;进样方式：分流;分流比：20:1;载气：氮气;内标物为正丙醇,溶剂为二甲基亚砜。结果：乙醇在1.491 mg.ml^-1～3.479 mg.ml^-1的范围内,其峰面积与浓度呈良好线性关系,y=0.5376x-0.0422, r=0.9999;高、中、低三个浓度的加样回收率分别为99.6%、100.8%、99.5%;定量限为19.9 mg.ml^-1,检测限为6.0 mg.ml^-1;重复性和中间精密度的RSD分别为0.04%﹑0.33%。丙二醇在1.4639 mg.ml^-1～3.4157 mg.ml^-1的范围内线性关系良好,y=0.3924x-0.0152, r =0.9997;高、中、低三个浓度的加样回收率分别为101.3%、100.5%、100.6%;定量限为19.5 mg.ml^-1,检测限为5.8 mg.ml^-1;重复性和中间精密度的RSD分别为0.60%﹑0.74%。结论：经验证,该方法简便易行,线性、专属性、耐用性、精密度、稳定性良好,可用于测定环孢素口服溶液中乙醇和丙二醇含量。     

GC法测定复方帕吉林片中盐酸帕吉林的含量

目的测定复方帕吉林片中盐酸帕吉林的含量。方法改性聚乙二醇毛细管柱(30 m×0.32 mm,1.4μm),柱温110℃保持12 min,再以40℃/min的速度升温至250℃保持10 min;进样口温度为270℃;氢火焰检测器,检测器温度为300℃;分流比为20∶1。结果盐酸帕吉林的回归方程为:Y=0.6949X-0.0112,r=0.9995,表明盐酸帕吉林在0.21～1.05mg/ml的浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系。结论本法测定复方帕吉林片中的盐酸帕吉林的含量准确可靠。     

GC法快速测定血浆中丙戊酸的浓度

目的改进测定血浆中丙戊酸浓度的GC法。方法 HP-FFAP交联弹性石英毛细管柱（0.53 mm×30 m×1.0μm）为色谱柱,FID为检测器,N2为载气,柱温为200℃,以环己烷羧酸为内标,100μl血浆酸化后,用乙酸乙酯萃取后取上清液直接进样。结果丙戊酸在9.8～145.7 mg.L-1范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为102.7%,日内日间精密度均小于8.5%。应用该方法与氯仿提取经典法,对10名服用丙戊酸类药物患者血浆分析比较,两种方法无统计学差异。结论本法简便、快速、准确,可用于血浆中丙戊酸浓度的快速测定。     

Osteoporosis and Fractures After Solid Organ Transplantation: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence of bone disorders after solid organ transplantation (SOT).Participants and MethodsWe used Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database to identify 9428 recipients of SOT and 38,140 sex- and age- matched control subjects between January 1, 1997, and December 31, 2010, to compare the incidence and risk of bone disorders between groups.ResultsRecipients of SOT had a significantly higher incidence of osteoporosis and related fractures compared with the non-SOT group. The overall hazard ratio (HR) of osteoporosis after SOT was 5.14 (95% CI, 3.13-8.43), and the HR of related fractures was 5.76 (95% CI, 3.80-8.74). The highest HRs were observed in male patients (HR, 7.09; 95% CI, 3.09-16.3) and in those aged 50 years or younger (HR, 7.38; 95% CI, 2.46-22.1). In addition, SOT patients without any comorbidities had a 9.03-fold higher risk of osteoporosis than non-SOT participants (HR, 9.03; 95% CI, 5.29-15.4). To compare the risk of osteoporosis and related fractures in different recipients of SOT, the highest risk of osteoporosis and fractures was noted in patients receiving lung transplantation, followed by other types of SOT.ConclusionWe report high rates of metabolic bone disorders after SOT in chronic transplant patients over a long follow-up. Both underlying bone disorders before transplantation and use of immunosuppressant agents may contribute to bone disorders after transplantation.     

Reversing Endogenous Alloreactive B Cell GC Responses With Anti‐CD154 or CTLA‐4Ig

Alloantibodies mediate acute antibody‐mediated rejection as well as chronic allograft rejection in clinical transplantation. To better understand the cellular dynamics driving antibody production, we focused on the activation and differentiation of alloreactive B cells in the draining lymph nodes and spleen following sensitization to allogeneic cells or hearts. We used a modified staining approach with a single MHC Class I tetramer (K^d) bound to two different fluorochromes to discriminate between the Class I‐binding and fluorochrome‐streptavidin‐binding B cells with a high degree of specificity and binding efficiency. By Day 7–8 postsensitization, there was a 1.5‐ to 3.2‐fold increase in the total numbers of K^d‐binding B cells. Within this K^d‐binding B cell population, approximately half were IgD^low, MHC Class II^high and CD86⁺, 30–45% expressed a germinal center (Fas⁺GL7⁺) phenotype and 3–12% were IRF4^hi plasma cells. Remarkably, blockade with anti‐CD40 or CTLA‐4Ig, starting on Day 7 postimmunization for 1 or 4 weeks, completely dissolved established GCs and halted further development of the alloantibody response. Thus MHC Class I tetramers can specifically track the in vivo fate of endogenous, Class I‐specific B cells and was used to demonstrate the ability of delayed treatment with anti‐CD154 or CTLA‐4Ig to halt established allo‐B cell responses.     

卷烟挥发产物冷凝分级装置的构建与评价

构建了一套卷烟挥发产物的冷凝分级装置,通过控制冷源流速等条件在收集管间形成一定温度梯度,使得不同组分依其沸点、含量和饱和蒸汽压的不同,在不同的收集管中被冷凝。考察了冷源类型、冷源传输管疏密程度及冷源传输速率等因素对冷凝分级器温度梯度的影响。在优化的条件下使用该装置对卷烟挥发产物进行捕集,经乙酸乙酯提取后用GC MS进行分析,结果表明以超低温氮气作为冷源,冷凝分级器温度梯度为(-35±5)℃～(-65±5)℃时,1#~10#捕集管中分别收集到了320,286,201,172,135,107,98,98,85,85个化合物,其中包括高沸点的新植二烯、中沸点的苯甲醛、低沸点的2 乙烯基呋喃等不同的化合物。大多数化合物随着沸点、饱和蒸汽压的不同,在捕集管中呈正态分布,具有较好的冷凝分级效果。     

A selective thyroid hormone β receptor agonist enhances human and rodent oligodendrocyte differentiation

Nerve conduction within the mammalian central nervous system is made efficient by oligodendrocyte‐derived myelin. Historically, thyroid hormones have a well described role in regulating oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination during development; however, it remains unclear which thyroid hormone receptors are required to drive these effects. This is a question with clinical relevance since nonspecific thyroid receptor stimulation can produce deleterious side‐effects. Here we report that GC‐1, a thyromimetic with selective thyroid receptor β action and a potentially limited side‐effect profile, promotes in vitro oligodendrogenesis from both rodent and human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. In addition, we used in vivo genetic fate tracing of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells via PDGFαR‐CreER;Rosa26‐eYFP double‐transgenic mice to examine the effect of GC‐1 on cellular fate and find that treatment with GC‐1 during developmental myelination promotes oligodendrogenesis within the corpus callosum, occipital cortex and optic nerve. GC‐1 was also observed to enhance the expression of the myelin proteins MBP, CNP and MAG within the same regions. These results indicate that a β receptor selective thyromimetic can enhance oligodendrocyte differentiation in vitro and during developmental myelination in vivo and warrants further study as a therapeutic agent for demyelinating models. GLIA 2014;62:1513–1529     

GC法测定膝关节炎外敷贴剂中挥发油含量

目的建立膝关节炎外敷贴剂中挥发油含量测定方法。方法采用气相色谱法测定膝关节炎外敷贴剂中挥发油的含量。色谱法分析条件为,PDI检测器;色谱柱,聚乙二醇-20M为固定相,流动相载气：高纯氮气毛细管柱;进样口温度为220℃,检测器温度为250℃。柱温采用程序升温,初始温度90℃,保持1 min,升温速度6℃/min,升至120℃,再以0.4℃/min升温至125℃,最后以10℃/min升温至230℃。流速：25 ml/min,进样量：1μl,定量方法：内标法;理论塔板≥15 000。结果挥发油含量在0.161 9~0.809 6 mg/ml范围内线性关系良好,得回归方程y=0.307 1x＋0.024 6,r=0.999 6,平均回收率为100.1%,RSD为1.15%。结论本方法简便可行、结果准确可靠,重复性好,可作为膝关节炎外敷贴剂中挥发油含量测定方法。     

气相色谱法同时测定工作场所中异亚丙基丙酮和苯系物

目的:建立工作场所空气中异亚丙基丙酮、苯、甲苯、二甲苯的气相色谱同时测定方法。方法:工作场所空气用管采集,0.5%甲醇的二硫化碳溶液解吸,程序升温初始35℃保持7 min,以30℃/min升温至120℃保持5 min,载气流量1.0 ml/min,HP-5毛细管色谱柱分离,FID检测。结果:各组分离效果好,解吸效率分别为92.3%～98.6%,在线性范围内,浓度与峰面积呈良好线性(r=0.999),回收率分别为90.5%～97.6%,检出限分别0.3μg/ml～1.2μg/ml,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于5.0%。结论:该方法简便、灵敏、准确。适用于三苯及异亚丙基丙酮混合污染的喷漆业、制鞋业等行业工作场所空气的检测。     

三种防龋药物对可摘局部义齿基牙患龋影响的对比研究

目的比较多乐氟氟化钠护齿剂、GC护牙素和Flariesse保护漆3种防龋药物在可摘局部义齿基牙中的防龋效果。 方法选择在揭阳市人民医院口腔科行可摘局部义齿修复的牙列缺损患者60例。根据世界牙科联盟临床牙位的记录法,样本为4个区均有天然牙存留者,使用简单随机抽样法随机选取每例患者4个区的基牙分别为多乐氟组、GC护牙素组、Flariesse保护漆组和对照组。试验组基牙半年重复1次涂布相应药物,对照组基牙不处理,2年后复诊检查基牙的龋坏情况。使用卡方检验比较4组基牙的患龋率,检验水准α = 0.05。 结果患龋率多乐氟组为14.75%、GC护牙素组为14.71%、Flariesse保护漆组为1.67%、对照组为35.21%。患龋率多乐氟组与GC护牙素组比较差异无统计学意义（χ² = 0.000,P = 0.994）,多乐氟组与Flariesse保护漆组（χ² = 6.971,P = 0.08）、对照组（χ² = 7.180,P = 0.08）,GC护牙素组与Flariesse保护漆组（χ² = 7.038,P = 0.008）、对照组（χ² = 7.752,P = 0.005）,以及Flariesse保护漆组与对照组（χ² = 23.380,P<0.001）间比较差异均有统计学意义。 结论可摘局部义齿基牙涂布药物可有效预防龋病,且Flariesse保护漆组防龋效果最佳。