The event-related responses of 18 individuals were recorded while they were listening to 3 music clips of 6 s duration which were repeated 30 times each. The music clips differed in the level of their complex structure, induced mood, musical tempo and prominent frequency. They were taken from Mozart's sonata (K. 448), and Brahms' Hungarian dance (no. 5). The third clip was a simplified version of the theme taken from Haydn's symphony (no. 94) played by a computer synthesizer. Significant differences in induced event-related desynchronization between the 3 music clips were only observed in the lower-1 alpha band which is related to attentional processes. A similar pattern was observed for the coherence measures. While respondents listened to the Mozart clip, coherence in the lower alpha bands increased more, whereas in the gamma band a less pronounced increase was observed as compared with the Brahms and Haydn clips. The clustering of the three clips based on EEG measures distinguished between the Mozart clip on the one hand, and the Haydn and Brahms clips on the other, even though the Haydn and Brahms clips were at the opposite extremes with regard to the mood they induced in listeners, musical tempo, and complexity of structure. This would suggest that Mozart's music--with no regard to the level of induced mood, musical tempo and complexity--influences the level of arousal. It seems that modulations in the frequency domain of Mozart's sonata have the greatest influence on the reported neurophysiological activity. 相似文献
Multivariate methods make it possible to condense much of the information available for a large number of alleles into one or a few synthetic variables. The geographic distribution of synthetic variables can be analyzed and plotted by the same technique used in analyzing and mapping the gene frequency of a single allele. The information contained in 21 HLA-A and HLA-B alleles from 116 world populations is condensed in principal components and discriminant functions which describe the global variation of gene frequencies along longitudes and along latitudes.
Most genetic variation is associated with longitude and shows a center of symmetry in Asia. Thus Asia, or some part of it, may have been the center, both geographically and historically of late Pleistocene migrations. However, latitude also plays a significant role (perhaps 10% of the genetic variation). A remarkable symmetry of the latitude variation in opposite (north and south) hemispheres suggests that climatic factors exercise selective pressure for certain HLA alleles. More specifically A1, A3, B7, B8, and B27 show about equally high correlation coefficients (between 0.45 and 0.55) with distance from equator. This results supports the idea that the well-known linkage disequilibria between A1 and B8, A3 and B7 are probably kept by selective pressure. 相似文献
Summary Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA),-human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT), alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) and Lysozyme (LYS) were traced by immunoperoxidase staining in gastric carcinomas. The immunohistological results were evaluated in relation to histological types (WHO and Laurén), stage of disease, grade and survival time. CEA was demonstrated in 96% of the tumours, HCG in 34%, ACT in 78%, AAT in 42%, and LYS in 71%. Comparing the staining patterns of the antigens and the intensity of staining some differences were notable. Except for signet-ring cell carcinomas, all of which were intensively positive, CEA expression decreased significantly with loss of differentiation. This observation was not seen with the other marker substances. None of the tested markers was characteristic for one particular histological type, nor could they be correlated with the tumour stage or grade. The marker positivity of CEA, ACT and LYS was not related to survival time. For HCG only, a correlation between tissue expression and a restricted survival time was established. Patients with AAT positive carcinomas had a significantly better survival probability. 相似文献
Autosomal dominant (de novo) mutations in PBX1 are known to cause congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT), with or without extra‐renal abnormalities. Using trio exome sequencing, we identified a PBX1 p.(Arg107Trp) mutation in a deceased one‐day‐old neonate presenting with CAKUT, asplenia, and severe bilateral diaphragmatic thinning and eventration. Further investigation by droplet digital PCR revealed that the mutation had occurred post‐zygotically in the father, with different variant allele frequencies of the mosaic PBX1 mutation in blood (10%) and sperm (20%). Interestingly, the father had subclinical hydronephrosis in childhood. With an expected recurrence risk of one in five, chorionic villus sampling and prenatal diagnosis for the PBX1 mutation identified recurrence in a subsequent pregnancy. The family opted to continue the pregnancy and the second affected sibling was stillborn at 35 weeks, presenting with similar severe bilateral diaphragmatic eventration, microsplenia, and complete sex reversal (46, XY female). This study highlights the importance of follow‐up studies for presumed de novo and low‐level mosaic variants and broadens the phenotypic spectrum of developmental abnormalities caused by PBX1 mutations. 相似文献
Lipid peroxidation was assessed in the sera and various organs of rats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei. Thirty-six adult albino rats divided into 2 groups of eighteen rats each were used in this study. In experiment one, a group
of 18 rats were used and they were divided into three groups (A, B and C) of six rats each. Groups B and C rats were infected
with 1.54 × 105 trypanosomes per rat intraperitoneally, whereas group A served as uninfected control. The rats were bled on day 0 and subsequently
at 7-day intervals for packed cell volume (PCV), sera peroxidation index and parasitaemia. Also, temperature and weight were
taken on day 0 and subsequently at 7-day intervals. In experiment 2, 18 rats were also used. Six rats each were sacrificed
on days 0, 14 and 28-postinfection. Five rats each were sacrificed on day 14 and day 28 post-infection (PI) from group B,
and their organs were promptly collected and washed with normal saline and used for organ malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration.
The infection led to an increase in lipid peroxidation index (MDA concentration) of sera samples. The serum MDA concentration
of the infected rat group was significantly (p < 0.01) higher than in the uninfected group on days 21 and 28 PI. The increase was however reversed by diminazene aceturate
(Berenil; Hoechst, Ireland) treatment at the dosage of 7 mg/kg body weight administered on day 14 PI. The organ lipid peroxidation
index also increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the eye, lung and spleen. However, there was no significant (p > 0.05) increase of lipid peroxidation index in the kidney, heart, liver, testes and brain. Also, the mean weekly MDA concentration
increased as the disease progressed, the mean weekly temperature and parasitaemia also increased, but the reverse was the
case with the mean weekly body weight and PCV which declined as the disease progressed. The findings are indication that oxidative
stress plays an important role in the pathology of trypanosomosis. 相似文献
Summary The responses of nine men and nine women to brief repetitive maximal exercise have been studied. The exercise involved a 6-s sprint on a non-motorised treadmill repeated 10 times with 30 s recovery between each sprint. The total work done during the ten sprints was 37,693±3,956 J by the men and 26,555±4,589 J by the women (M > F,P<0.01). This difference in performance was not associated with higher blood lactate concentrations in the men (13.96± 1.70 mmol·–1) than the women (13.09±3.04 mmol·l–1). An 18-fold increase in plasma adrenaline (AD) occurred with the peak concentration observed after five sprints. The peak AD concentration in the men was larger than that seen in the women (9.2 +- 7.3 and 3.7 ± 2.4 nmol · l–1 respectively,P<0.05). The maximum noradrenaline (NA) concentration occurred after ten sprints in the men (31.6±10.9 nmol·l–1) and after five sprints in the women (27.4 ± 20.8 nmol · l–1). Plasma cardiodilatin (CDN) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentrations were elevated in response to the exercise. The peak ANP concentration occurred immediately postexercise and the response of the women (10.8 ± 4.5 pmol · l–1 was greater than that of the men (5.1 ± 2.6 pmol · l–1,P<0.05). The peak CDN concentrations were 163 ± 61 pmol · l–1 for the women and 135 ± 61 pmol · l–1 for the men. No increases in calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) were detected in response to the exercise. These results indicate differences between men and women in performance and hormonal responses. There was no evidence for a role of CGRP in the control of the cardiovascular system after brief intermittent maximal exercise. 相似文献
Frailty is the major expression of accelerated aging and describes a decreased resistance to stressors, and consequently an increased vulnerability to additional diseases in elderly people. The vascular aging related to frail phenotype reflects the high susceptibility for cardiovascular diseases and negative postoperative outcomes after cardiac surgery. Sarcopenia can be considered a biological substrate of physical frailty. Malnutrition and physical inactivity play a key role in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. We searched on Medline (PubMed) and Scopus for relevant literature published over the last 10 years and analyzed the strong correlation between frailty, sarcopenia and cardiovascular diseases in elderly patient. In our opinion, a right food intake and moderate intensity resistance exercise are mandatory in order to better prepare patients undergoing cardiac operation. 相似文献