早期肾盂癌的诊断和诊断方法的比较

目的探讨早期肾盂癌的诊断和最有效的诊断方法。方法在诊断肾盂癌时采用B超、静注尿路造影(IVU)、逆行性肾盂造影、CT、泌尿系磁共振水成像(MRU)、输尿管肾盂镜检查等多种方法,比较各种方法对早期肾盂癌诊断的准确率。结果IVU和逆行性肾盂造影、CT、输尿管肾盂镜、MRU、B超对早期肾盂癌的诊断阳性率分别是89%、94%、80%、50%、40%和22%。结论IVU和逆行性肾盂造影是诊断早期肾盂癌最基本和最必要的有效检查方法,是其他方法不能代替的。因输尿管肾盂镜检查为有创性检查,故可作为疑难病例最后的确诊性检查方法,不宜做首选的检查方法。B超可作为普查之用。     

Oral misoprostol in the third stage of labor.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of intravenous ergometrine, intramuscular oxytocin, and oral misoprostol in the control of postpartum hemorrhage. METHODS: Mean blood loss, rates of blood loss between 500 and 1000 ml, hematocrit fall greater than 10%, and need for additional oxytocic agents and nature and rates of adverse effects were assessed in this prospective, randomized, controlled study. RESULTS: All outcomes were similar in the 3 groups. The main adverse effects in the misoprostol group were temperatures higher than 99 degrees F, which normalized within 2 h and shivering, which was mild and self-limiting. CONCLUSIONS: Oral misoprostol is as effective as conventional oxytocic agents in preventing postpartum hemorrhage and can be recommended for use in low-resource settings.     

What is the difference between squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the cervix? A matched case–control study

The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of treatment strategies in patients with adenocarcinoma (AC) of the cervix and compare it with those with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix. Women with FIGO (1994) stage IB1 AC, especially pathologic tumor size of 2-4 cm, treated with class III hysterectomy, were compared with those with SCC treated with comparable strategy in a case-controlled study. Eighty patients (20 cases, 60 controls) were analyzed. Lymphvascular space invasion (P = 0.01) and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.07) were more frequent in patients with SCC than in those with AC. However, there was no significant difference in depth of stromal invasion (P = 0.51) and invasion of the parametrium (P = 0.44) between two groups. And there was also no statistically significant difference in disease-free survival (P = 0.86) and overall survival (P = 0.89) between two groups. Primary radical surgery followed by adjuvant therapy, same as for SCC, would be acceptable for AC with pathologic tumor size of 2-4 cm. Although it was difficult to determine whether AC recurred more systemically, more effective treatment strategies than those currently available for AC should be considered to reduce the systemic recurrence.     

正常儿童、青少年血清胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3水平的变化

目的测定正常儿童、青少年血清胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3(IGFBP-3)水平。方法对北京市东城区190名(男102名,女88名)健康的4.0~18.9岁儿童、青少年,应用放射免疫分析法(RIA)测定空腹血清IGFBP-3水平。结果随着年龄的增加,血清IGFBP-3水平逐渐升高,到青春期达到峰值。女性血清IGFBP-3水平达峰值时间较男性早1~2年,男、女性达峰时间分别为13.0~14.9及11.0~14.9岁,峰值分别为(4.58±0.64)、(4.67±0.93)mg/L。达峰值后血清IGFBP-3水平逐渐下降至各自9.0~10.9岁水平。血清IGFBP-3水平分别与身高和血清胰岛素样生长因-子1(IGF-1)水平呈显著正相关。结论血清IGFBP-3水平与年龄、青春发育期、身高及血清IGF-1水平明显相关。同年龄血清IGFBP-3水平无性别差异。     

Survival for rectal cancer patients and international comparisons.

BACKGROUND: Population-based cancer registry data are important because they reflect routine care, present long-term follow-up, can show differences in treatment, outcomes and health care over time, and can be used for comparisons between regions and countries. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Details of all cancer patients in the Munich region are recorded by the Munich Cancer Registry. Rectal cancer patients with an invasive primary tumor diagnosed between 1996 and 1998 were included in this analysis (n=936). Observed and relative survival are presented. Observed survival was also investigated with a Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS: Median follow-up time of survivors was 5.7 years. Five-year relative survival for the whole sample was 62.2%. International Union Against Cancer (UICC) stage was the most important prognostic factor in the multivariate analysis. Compared with the 1992-1999 Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data (62.4%), relative survival for each disease stage and the whole sample were very similar. In comparison with other European registries, Munich patients had slightly higher survival rates per stage (for example, 5-year relative survival in UICC III was 58.3% in Munich, 54.6% in South East Netherlands, 33.3% in Modena and 47.4% in Cote d'Or); however, more patients in Munich were in higher disease stages with worse prognoses, indicating poorer early detection. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that treatment of rectal cancer in Munich is good, but early detection could be improved. Cancer registries should publish their population-based stage data to ensure quality of care and provide regular feedback to health-care workers and decision makers. Comparisons between countries without stage data should be conducted cautiously.     

紫杉醇联合CF／5-FU治疗晚期胃癌22例临床观察

目的 观察紫杉醇为主联合亚叶酸钙／5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）治疗晚期胃癌的疗效及不良反应。方法 化疗方案：紫杉醇（Taxol）＋亚叶酸钙（CF）／5-FU，28d为一个周期，连用2周期后评价疗效。Taxol每周疗法，60mg／m^2加入0．9％生理盐水500mL静滴，不少于3h，d1、d8、d15；CF200mg，d1-d5，5-FU 600mg／m^2，d1-5。结果 全组共完成化疗70周期，22例均可评价疗效，全组1例CR（4．6％），8例PR（36．4％），总有效率40．9％。8例SD（36．4％）；5例PD（22．7％）。毒副作用，主要为骨髓抑制，白细胞减少占81．8％，其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ级占77．3％；脱发占81．8％，均为Ⅰ、Ⅱ级；肌肉节痛占54．5％；其它还包括过敏（4．6％）、腹泻（9．1％）、肝功异常（22．8％）、心电图异常（4．6％）等。但无严重超敏反应，无治疗相关性死亡。结论 晚期胃癌病人使用以紫杉醇为主联合化疗方案具有一定的疗效，毒副反应可以耐受，在晚期胃癌缺乏有效治疗措施的情况下可作为一种较好选择。     

卡培他宾治疗晚期肝癌临床观察

目的 探讨卡培他宾在晚期肝癌临床治疗中的疗效。方法 将我科收住的34例肝癌病人随机分为两组：①治疗组：希罗达2000mg／m^2，分2次／d 口服、连用14d，休息7d，为一周期，至少用药二周期以上；②对照组：单纯支持治疗，至少6wk。治疗前后查肝肾功能，血常规，AFP，ECG，CT或MRI、B超等。疗效和不良反应按WHO疗效及不良反应评价标准评价，统计分析方法采用x^2检验，P〈0．05为有统计学意义。结果 治疗组：CR无病例，PR2例，SD10例，PD6例；总有效例数2例，总有效率为11．8％，稳定率58．8％。12例AFP增高中5例下降，下降率为41．7％。生存期最短的为3mo，最长的7mo，中位生存期为5．3mo。希罗达最少为2周期，最多6周期，共40周期。对照组：CR无病例，PR无病例，SD2例，PD15例；总有效率为零，稳定率11．8％。11例AFP增高病人中无AFP下降。生存期最短的为1．5mo，最长的4mo，中位生存期为2．3mo。采用x^2检验，P〈0．05，两组有显著的统计学差异。不良反应，治疗组3例恶心、呕吐，3例中性粒细胞减少，3例出现腹泻，皮肤红肿、脱屑等手足综合征，这些副反应均在1乏级。发生最多的是手足综合症，发生率为：29．4％。结论 本组病例说明希罗达2000mg／d，分二次口服，连用14d，休息7d为一周期，在晚期肝癌中的临床应用是可行、安全而有效的。主要不良反应表现为手足综合症，可以对晚期肝癌进一步推广应用。     

复方甘草酸苷联合化疗治疗消化道恶性肿瘤的疗效观察

目的:观察复方甘草酸苷注射液联合化疗治疗中、晚期消化道恶性肿瘤的疗效和毒副反应。方法:将100例患者随机均分为复方甘草酸苷联合化疗组(治疗组)和单纯化疗组(对照组),比较2组疗效和毒副反应。结果:治疗组和对照组近期有效率分别为58%、36%(P<0·05)。治疗组无肝功能损害,消化道反应占10%,程度轻;对照组肝功能损害占38%,消化道反应占44%,程度重(P<0·05)。结论:复方甘草酸苷注射液联合化疗治疗中、晚期消化道恶性肿瘤可提高疗效,预防药物性肝损害的发生,减轻消化道反应程度。     

醒脑开窍合活血化瘀法治疗急性脑出血45例疗效观察

目的观察醒脑开窍合活血化瘀法配以西医常规处理治疗急性脑出血的临床疗效.方法 90例患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各45例,对照组予西药常规处理,治疗组在此基础上加用清开灵注射液和复方丹参注射液静滴.结果治疗组临床综合疗效及患者日常生活活动能力改善、颅内血肿吸收均优于对照组.结论醒脑开窍合活血化瘀为主的中西医结合综合治疗方案能提高急性脑出血患者的临床疗效和生活质量,降低病残程度和病死率.     

新辅助化疗应用于局部晚期乳腺癌的疗效分析

目的探讨术前新辅助化疗对乳腺癌的疗效及提高患者术后生存率的作用.方法采用CMF和CAF两种化疗方案对50例Ⅲ期乳腺癌术前患者(A组)进行化疗,评价其疗效;与术后化疗(B组)进行总疗效对照比较.结果术前新辅助化疗组经化疗肿瘤全消和部分消退合计总有效率为58.0%;术后随访5 a生存率、无瘤存活率明显高于对照B组,两组无瘤存活率比较χ2＝9.07,P＜0.01.结论术前全身治疗(化疗)作为乳腺癌第一步治疗可能是首先使已存在的临床小转移灶得以控制,进而获得更多治疗成功的机会.