口腔肿瘤恶变与唾液蔗糖酶活性的相关性研究

目的 :探讨唾液蔗糖酶活性与口腔肿瘤恶变之间的相互关系。方法 :采用邻甲苯胺测糖法 ,测定单位时间内唾液蔗糖酶水解蔗糖生成的葡萄糖量 ;在PH6 ,37℃条件下进行酶反应用双倒数作图法测出表观Km和表观Vm值 ;检测蔗糖酶活性。结果 :正常人唾液蔗糖酶活性为 1 32 2± 0 434mU/mgpro ,口腔鳞癌患者唾液蔗糖酶活性为 1 5 48± 0 6 5 7mU/mgpro ,二者之间比较无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;正常人唾液蔗糖酶的表观Km =(1 1 2± 2 4)× 1 0 -2 mol/L ,表观Vm =1 1 38± 0 35 2 (每分钟光密度值 ) ,口腔鳞癌患者唾液蔗糖酶的表观Km =(9 5±2 2 )× 1 0 -2 mol/L ,表观Vm =(1 0 89± 0 6 32 ) (每分钟光密度值 )。结论 :口腔良性肿瘤、涎腺腺瘤、口腔鳞癌患者与正常人比 ,唾液蔗糖酶活性无显著差异。     

VEGF—C mRNA在口腔鳞癌中的表达

目的：探讨血管内生长因子－Ｃ（ＶＥＧＦ－Ｃ）ｍＲＮＡ在正常口腔粘膜、白斑及鳞癌等组织中的表达。方法：ＴＲ－ＰＣＲ法检测ＶＥＧＦ－Ｃ ｍＲＮＡ的表达。结果：鳞癌组织ＶＥＧＦ－Ｃ ｍＲＮＡ表达明显高于正常口腔粘膜及白斑（Ｐ〈０．０１）;鳞癌表达与病理分级（Ｐ〈０．０１）、淋巴结转移（Ｐ〈０．０１）密切相关,与临床分期无关（Ｐ〉０．０５）。结论：ＶＥＧＦ－Ｃ对鳞癌生长及转移有促进作用,有望作为检测淋巴管     

Experimental study and clinical use of poly(vinyl acetate) emulsion as liquid embolisation material

A new material, an emulsion of poly(vinyl acetate) was experimentally developed and clinically used to overcome several disadvantages in currently used liquid embolisation materials. The emulsion microparticles, 0.3–0.7 m in size, possessed cationic charge on the surface and hence aggregated immediately on contact with fluids containing anions. This inert polymer has the advantage that it does not induce a deleterious reaction in living tissue. Moreover, its medium is water and it is not adhesive, like the cyanoacrylates. Several concentrations of emulsion were injected into the renal arteries of dogs. For the investigation of tissue reactions and the possibility of recanalisation, the emulsion was injected into rats both subcutaneously and into the renal arteries. The renal artery injections in dogs showed adequate radiopacity and consistent complete occlusion. The lower the concentration of the emulsion, the smaller the arteries which could be occluded. Even at very low concentrations, however, venous occlusion did not occur. Histological study of the embolised rat kidney revealed no detectable damage in the vessel wall and no recanalisation for up to 6 months. The subcutaneously injected PVAc emulsion elicited mononuclear cell infiltration and gradual centripetal fibrosis, without any deleterious effect on the surrounding tissue. A cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) was embolised using the material. Histology of the resected nidus showed findings similar to those in the animal experiments.     

Mechanisms of oral sensation

Sensory nerves that supply mechanoreceptors in the mucosal lining of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx provide the substrate for a variety of sensations. They are essential for the perception of complex or composite sensory experiences including oral kinesthesia and oral stereognosis. Relevant to the concerns of the oral health care delivery specialist they also contribute to initiation of reflexes and coordination and timing of patterned motor behaviors. The response of oral mechanoreceptors to natural stimuli is determined to a large degree by morphological factors such as the nature of the relationship between nerve ending and certain cellular specializations, their distribution in the mucosa, the diameter of their primary afferent nerve fibers, and the central distribution of these fibers in the brainstem. Because of morphological similarities to certain cutaneous mechanoreceptors, the mucosal lining may be considered as an internal continuation of the large receptor sheet for localization and detection of mechanical stimuli. In some regions of the oral, pharyngeal, and laryngeal mucosa, this analogy is appropriate whereas in others, existing data suggest a different role consistent with regionally specific demands (i.e., initiation of protective reflexes).     

Excitotoxic lesions of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus disinhibit orofacial behaviours stimulated by microinjections of d-amphetamine into rat ventrolateral caudate-putamen

Data are presented which support the hypothesis that the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus serves as an output station for the striatum and, in particular, has a role in the expression of behaviour stimulated from the ventrolateral caudate-putamen, a rodent homologue of the primate putamen. Rats received either bilateral ibotenate or sham lesions in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus and bilateral cannulation of the ventrolateral caudate-putamen. Oral motor activities were observed following microinjection of 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 g d-amphetamine (and vehicle-only control) into the ventrolateral caudate-putamen. As expected, orofacial behaviours such as biting and licking were observed in sham-lesioned rats following this treatment, but pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus-lesioned rats exhibited an increase in the incidence of these oral motor behaviours at all doses of amphetamine compared with the controls. This increase was the product of changes in the duration and number of times in which they engaged in oral motor behaviours, but not the latency to initiate them. There was no change in the normal oral motor activities associated with grooming. Histological analysis showed that ibotenate lesions destroyed both cholinergic and non-cholinergic neurones in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus. These data indicate that loss of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus disinhibits oral motor behaviours stimulated from the ventrolateral caudateputamen by d-amphetamine and are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding the relationships between striatal outflow and structures in the pons.     

Characterization of sugar receptor expression by neoglycoproteins in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas

Recognition of the carbohydrate part of cellular glycoconjugates by sugar receptors like lectins may contribute to biosignaling and interactions between normal and transformed cells. Such recognitions may be essential for establishing phenotypic characteristics in neoplastic cells, including metastasis-associated properties. To evaluate various glycoconjugates in tumor diagnosis and clinical therapy, a panel of 18 biotinylated neoglycoproteins was prepared. This included conjugates of a histochemically inert carrier protein and crucial sugar moieties such as D-glucuronic acid, - and -N-acetyl-galactosamine, -N-acetyl-glucosamine, melibiose, lactose, maltose, cellobiose, mannose, mannose-6-phosphate, fucose, rhamnose, and xylose. In so doing the diazo derivative of the respective p-aminophenyl glycosides was coupled with galactose, (-N-acetyl-galactosamine or -N-acetylglucosamine via an epoxy group-containing aliphatic spacer. Other glycoconjugates used were the proteoglycan heparin and the sulfated fucan fucoidan. Labeling was effected with cyanogen bromide activation and aminoalkylation for specific detection of endogenous sugar receptors, especially lectins. Tissues studied were paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded surgical biopsies from patients with different stages of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the oral cavity (n = 16) and oropharynx (n = 17), including three lymph node metastases from oropharyngeal primary tumors. Semiquantitative binding differences of probes to tumor stages were evaluated statistically by the Mann-Whitney U-Wilcoxon rank sum W test. Specific binding of a probe to cytoplasmic and nuclear structures was detected with apparent quantitative differences. Overall, the cytoplasmic compartment revealed a higher intensity of histochemical reaction than did nuclear structures, indicating a comparatively higher density of specific carbohydrate receptors. Significant and highly significant two-tailed P values were noted for tissue types and stages of SCCs of the oropharynx but not the oral cavity.     

永州市7167名小学生口腔卫生与龋病调查

目的摸清永州市小学生口腔卫生龋齿状况。方法采用整群抽样方法调查了永州市城区８所小学７１６７名学生。结果学生的口腔卫生较差与极差占９０．３１％,乳牙和恒牙龋患率分别为６９．３３％和４８．６８％,与１９８９年比分别上升４２．２６％、１９．１９％和５０６．２３％;乳牙龋齿好发牙为第Ⅴ、Ⅳ、恒牙龋齿好发牙为第６、７;下颌牙龋齿患病占７２．４％,上颌牙龋齿占２７．６％。结论该市口腔卫生差,龋患率呈上升趋势,提示今后应加强防治工作     

开肺化痰解毒法治疗小儿病毒性肺炎痰热壅肺证临床观察

目的：应用开肺化痰解毒活血的清肺口服液方治疗小儿病毒性肺炎痰热壅肺证。方法：观察治疗组用清肺口服液（麻黄、杏仁、石膏、葶苈子、虎杖等）;对照组辨证用药加用头孢菌素Ｖ等抗生素,２组对照观察。结果：观察组显效率及有效率分别为８６．７％和９６．７％,同中药辨证加西药抗生素的对照组相比,疗效无显著性差异。观察组的咳嗽咯痰好转时间为（６．９０±２．０６）ｄ,显著短于对照组的（９．９３±２．９３）ｄ（Ｐ＜０．０５）;观察组治疗后的甲皱微循环总积分为０．５１±０．３９,显著小于对照组的１．８３±１．１９（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：清肺口服液方治疗小儿病毒性肺炎痰热壅肺证具有肯定的疗效。     

止喘雾化液的制备及其质量标准研究

目的：为了优化止喘雾化液的制备工艺,同时建立质量控制标准。方法：采用正交试验法,优选药材浸提分离工艺、增溶剂用量及最适宜ｐＨ值,同时采用ＴＬＣ、ＴＬＣＳ法建立定性定量方法。结果：该雾化液的最佳浸提工艺为药材加１０倍量水浸泡１ｈ,煎煮３次,每次１．５ｈ,配液时加５％吐温－８０,调ｐＨ至６．０～８．０;黄芩甙的含量不低于２０ｍｇ／ｍｌ。结论：止喘雾化液工艺稳定,质量可控     

仙附,芪地强心口服液治疗老年人慢性心功能不全

目的：寻求老年人心功能不全有效、安全的治法方药。方法：用仙附、芪地强心口服液与巯甲丙脯酸对照治疗老年心功能不全,观察心脏功能和血浆血管活性肽、临床症状、体征及药物安全性。结果：仙附、芪地强心口服液和巯甲丙脯酸治疗心功能不全总有效率分别为８７．５％（２８／３２）、９０．３％（２８／３１）、９０．６％（２９／３２）,三者差别无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）;在临床近期治愈率方面,分别为４３．８％（１４／３２）、５１．６（１６／３１）、２５．０％（８／３２）,芪地组优于巯甲丙脯酸对照组;对改善患者临床症状、体征、心脏功能和血浆血管活性肽指标等方面都显示明显效果。结论：老年人心功能不全可以益气养阴、温阳治本、活血利水治标为基本大法,仙附、芪地强心口服液是治疗本病的安全有效方药