时域反射法测定香砂养胃丸水分的应用研究

以香砂养胃丸为模型药物,采用时域反射法测定药丸的含水量。考察了药丸铺展层数、药丸装填密度、环境湿度、温度和药丸配方等因素对药丸水分测定结果的影响。结果表明,药丸铺展的层数、环境温度2个因素对药丸水分测试的影响显著,而药丸装填密度、环境湿度以及药丸配方比例对药丸水分测试的影响不显著。当药丸铺展6层时,反射值较为稳定,在气候箱内环境温度25℃、湿度45%时,含水量在4.01%~22.38%,香砂养胃丸水分与反射值线形关系良好,方程式为Y=0.279X-21.670(R2=0.997 0)。通过验证实验证明,该预测模型准确,该方法精密度达到方法学标准,用时域反射法来测定香砂养胃丸的含水量是可行的。该方法具有快速,高效等优势,为制药过程中的快速水分测定提供了新途径,在中药浓缩丸水分测定中具有推广价值。     

An observational study of adherence to combined oral contraceptive regimens

Objective: To analyze adherence to an oral contraceptive (OC) regimen and correlate results to participants’ socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics.

Methods: Women were prospectively enrolled and followed for 6 months. At enrollment, subjects were given a card for recording daily pill intake; its completion was checked at 6 months when women completed a self-administered questionnaire.

Results: Out of 755 eligible subjects, 704 agreed to participate; 402 women completed 6 months of recording of use of an OC and properly filled the questionnaire. Good adherence was reported by 64% of participants; 20.9% missed one pill and 14.9% missed more than one pill. Mean number of missed pills per subject was 0.59 and mean number of pills delayed for less than 24?h was 1.18. Best adherence to a COC regimen was associated with evening time intake (p?=?0.0019). No statistically significant associations of adherence with socio-demographic characteristics were found. Age was only marginally associated with having missed at least one pill.

Conclusion: In the present study, a lower number of missed pills were observed than previously reported, but the proportion of missed pills was similar. No association with specific subject characteristics that could serve as markers of increased risk of nonadherence was found.     

A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study to assess the effect of oral contraceptive pills on the outcome of medical abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol

This was a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial to determine the effect of oral contraceptive (OC) pills taken immediately after medical abortion on the duration of bleeding and complete abortion rate. Two hundred women in the first 49 days of pregnancy were given 200 mg mifepristone orally followed by 400 microg misoprostol vaginally 48 h later. One day later, they were randomized to receive either OC pills (30 microg of ethinyl oestradiol and 0.15 mg of levonorgestrel per tablet) or placebo for 21 days. The complete abortion rates were 98% in the OC group and 99% in the placebo group. The median duration of bleeding was similar: 17 (range: 5-57) days in the OC group and 16 (range: 6-55) days in the placebo group. In the OC group there was a small but significant fall in the haemoglobin concentration by 14 days (5.3 g/dl) after administration of mifepristone. The incidence of side-effects was similar in the two groups. We conclude that the use of OC pills does not decrease the duration of bleeding after medical abortion nor does it affect the abortion rate.     

正天丸对偏头痛大鼠三叉神经节P2X3受体表达的影响

 目的:探讨正天丸对偏头痛大鼠三叉神经节P2X₃受体表达的影响。方法:SD大鼠随机分为对照组、偏头痛组、正天丸组和抑制剂(A-317491)组。给药7 d后,偏头痛组、正天丸组和抑制剂组硝酸甘油(10 mg/kg)皮下注射建立偏头痛大鼠模型,对照组注射等量生理盐水。观察各组大鼠行为学表现,造模4 h后取材,采用免疫荧光、Western blot和实时荧光定量PCR方法观察各组大鼠三叉神经节中P2X₃受体表达的变化。结果:造模后5 min左右各组均出现挠头、爬笼等行为学表现,对照组大鼠仅开始30 min内出现挠头和爬笼现象,无耳红表现,大约2 h 后正天丸组和抑制剂组头痛行为学表现停止,偏头痛组大鼠在造模后3 h左右停止。偏头痛组和对照组相比较,大鼠三叉神经节(trigeminal ganglion,TG)中P2X₃受体蛋白和mRNA表达均明显升高(P<0.05);正天丸组大鼠TG中P2X₃受体蛋白和mRNA表达均明显低于偏头痛组(P<0.01);正天丸组和抑制剂组相比,大鼠TG中P2X₃受体蛋白和mRNA表达无明显差异。结论:正天丸可抑制偏头痛发作时TG中P2X₃受体的过表达,从而发挥抗偏头痛的作用。     

多囊卵巢综合征患者子宫内膜不典型增生的药物转化分析

目的:分析多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者子宫内膜不典型增生的药物转化疗效及安全性。方法:回顾性分析17例PCOS子宫内膜不典型增生患者,其中9例曾用孕激素治疗未转化者为A组;8例未曾治疗者为B组,均检测口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)并同时行胰岛素释放试验,以检测患者是否存在胰岛素抵抗(IR)及高胰岛素血症。17例患者均采用口服避孕药联合二甲双胍治疗。结果:17例PCOS患者均存在IR及高胰岛素血症,经药物治疗3~6个周期后,内膜不典型病变均成功转化。结论:采用口服避孕药联合二甲双胍治疗PCOS合并IR的子宫内膜不典型增生患者是一种临床上实用、有效的治疗方法。     

圣脑康丸抗缺氧抗疲劳耐寒作用的实验研究

研究圣脑康丸抗缺氧、抗疲劳、耐寒的作用。方法：给小鼠以高、中、低（2．70、1．35、0．68g／kg）3个剂量圣脑康丸溶液灌胃,对照组灌等量蒸馏水;7d后小鼠分别进行常压密闭缺氧实验、抗疲劳实验、耐寒实验。结果：在小鼠常压缺氧实验中,圣脑康丸中剂量组（P〈0．01）高剂量组（P〈O．05）,与对照组比较均能明显延长小鼠常压缺氧条件下存活时间;在小鼠抗疲劳实验中,圣脑康丸高剂量组（P〈0．05）,与对照组比较均能明显延长小鼠在水中的存活时间;在小鼠耐寒实验中圣脑康丸3个剂量组都能明显降低小鼠的死亡率。结论：圣脑康丸具有明显的抗缺氧、抗疲劳、耐寒作用。     

Amygdala reactivity to negative stimuli is influenced by oral contraceptive use

The amygdala is a highly interconnected region of the brain that is critically important to emotional processing and affective networks. Previous studies have shown that the response of the amygdala to emotionally arousing stimuli can be modulated by sex hormones. Because oral contraceptive pills dramatically lower circulating sex hormone levels with potent analogs of those hormones, we performed a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment to measure amygdala reactivity in response to emotional stimuli in women using oral contraceptives, and compared their amygdala reactivity with that of naturally cycling women. Here, we show that women who use oral contraceptive pills have significantly decreased bilateral amygdala reactivity in response to negatively valenced, emotionally arousing stimuli compared with naturally cycling women. We suggest that by modulating amygdala reactivity, oral contraceptive pills may influence behaviors that have previously been shown to be amygdala dependent—in particular, emotional memory.     

氟伏沙明合并逍遥丸治疗抑郁症的临床观察

目的探讨氟伏沙明合并逍遥丸治疗抑郁症的疗效及安全性。方法将126例抑郁症患者随机分为研究组63例,对照组63例,分别给予氟伏沙明合并逍遥丸与单用氟伏沙明治疗,疗程8周。在治疗前及治疗后的第2、4、8周分别采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD17)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、临床疗效总评量表(CGI)进行疗效评定;用不良反应量表(TESS)评定不良反应。结果研究组痊愈41例,有效13例,有效率85.7%;对照组痊愈37例,有效7例,有效率71.0%,两组间有效率差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.013,P<0.05);与治疗前比较,两组治疗后的第2、4、8周HAMD17、HAMA及CGI评分比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01),研究组在治疗后4、8周末HAMD17和HAMA评分下降较对照组显著,两组间比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05和P<0.01)。两组不良反应比较,研究组发生厌食和失眠的不良反应明显少于对照组,两组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);结论氟伏沙明合并逍遥丸治疗抑郁症的疗效优于单用氟伏沙明,能提高临床有效率,且不良反应少,安全性高。     

Endometrial injury in the menstrual cycle prior to assisted reproduction techniques to improve reproductive outcomes

Abstract

Objective: Oral contraceptive pills (OCP) are widely used for treating women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Metformin has beneficial effects on insulin resistance and endothelial functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of treatment with drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol (EE) alone or in combination with metformin on the flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD) and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) in women with PCOS.

Methods: Fifty women with PCOS (mean age 23?±?5) were randomized to oral treatment of OCP alone (n?=?25) or an OCP combination with metformin (n?=?25) for 6 months. FMD from the brachial artery and CIMT were calculated. The hormonal profile, HOMA-IR score, basal insulin and glucose levels were studied in both groups. Before and after 6 months' treatment, echocardiographic measurements and laboratory tests were also obtained.

Results: After 6 months' treatment we observed a small decrease in FMD in the OCP group (14.9?±?9.4 versus 14.4?±?9.9, p?=?0.801) and a slight increase in the combination group (14.5?±?9.1 versus 15.0?±?8.0, p?=?0.715) but neither of them reached significance. CIMT increased in the OCP group (0.048?±?0.011 to 0.050?±?0.010?cm, p?=?0.433) and decreased slightly in the combination group (0.049?±?0.012, 0.048?±?0.011?cm, p?=?0.833).

Conclusion: We demonstrated that adding metformin to OCP treatment may have beneficial effect on FMD and CIMT that represent vascular function in patients with PCOS. These results suggest that adding metformin to OCP treatment for PCOS could preserve the cardiovascular system and improve it.     

左、右归丸通过调节AMPK/mTOR通路抑制大鼠股骨成脂化的实验研究

目的基于AMPK/m TOR信号通路初步探讨左、右归丸对绝经后骨质疏松(postmenopausal osteoporsis,PMOP)大鼠成脂分化的调节机制。方法将60只雌性SD大鼠随机分为空白组(KB)、假手术组(SHAM)、模型组(OVX)、左归丸组(ZGW)、右归丸组(YGW)、补佳乐组(BJL)。除KB、SHAM组外,其余大鼠均摘除双侧卵巢,SHAM组大鼠摘除双侧卵巢周围等量脂肪,灌胃12周。应用数字化全身骨密度仪检测大鼠右侧股骨骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD),应用实时荧光定量PCR法检测大鼠右侧股骨PPARγ、AMPK、m TORC1 mRNA的表达,采用Western blot法检测大鼠右侧股骨PPARγ、C/EBPα、C/EBPβ蛋白的表达以及AMPKα、m TOR蛋白磷酸化水平。结果左、右归丸能明显升高PMOP大鼠右侧股骨BMD(P0.01),降低大鼠股骨成脂相关mRNA与蛋白的表达(P0.01或P0.05),降低AMPK mRNA的表达与蛋白磷酸化水平(P0.01),升高m TORC1 mRNA的表达与蛋白磷酸化水平(P0.01或P0.05);与ZGW组相比,YGW组PMOP大鼠右侧股骨BMD没有明显差异(P0.05),股骨成脂分化相关mRNA与蛋白的表达明显升高(P0.01),且AMPK mRNA的表达明显升高(P0.01),m TORC1 mRNA的表达与蛋白磷酸化水平降低(P0.01或P0.05)。结论左、右归丸通过AMPK/m TOR通路改善了PMOP大鼠股骨成脂分化过度,其作用机制可能与调节AMPK、m TOR mRNA的表达与蛋白磷酸化水平有关。