《金匮要略》中甘草炮制的文献考证

《古代经典名方目录（第一批）》收录《金匮要略》所载方剂14首,其中6首含有甘草,包括桂枝芍药知母汤、苓桂术甘汤、橘皮竹茹汤、麦门冬汤、甘姜苓术汤、厚朴七物汤。这6首方剂中的甘草均无炮制要求。为明确这6首方剂的甘草炮制,通过《金匮要略》通行本与吴迁本甘草炮制的对照,《金匮要略》与《伤寒论》甘草炮制的对照,《伤寒杂病论》主要传本甘草炮制的分析,梳理两晋至宋元医书转载的上述6首方剂中甘草的炮制情况,以及汉至宋元时期的甘草炮制沿革,从文献考证的角度推断出这6首经典名方所用甘草炮制法为“炙”。继而回顾炙法历史,阐明“炙”为直火烘烤,接近2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》之单炒（清炒）法,建议上述6首方剂均使用炒甘草。该文可为《金匮要略》经典名方的其他关键信息考证提供思路与方法。     

电脑色度计与视觉比色准确性的比较

目的:评价一种供临床使用的电脑色度计(Shade Eye Ncc)测色的准确性.方法:以临床上最常使用的Vita Classical比色板为标准,使用Shade Eye Ncc对色片的色度值进行测量,如果测量结果和该色片的色度值相符,则认为测量正确,反之,则认为是错误的.共测量5个比色板80个色片,计算测量准确率.选择15名无视觉缺陷的受试者进行Vita-Vita实验来测试视觉比色的准确率.使用卡方检验对获得的结果进行统计处理.结果:Shade Eye Ncc色度计比色的准确率为45%,高于视觉比色的准确性(39.16%),但差异尚不具有显著性.结论:视觉比色的准确性在不同个体之间有很大的差异;Shade Eye Ncc比色显示出了高度的重复性;但就本次试验而言,其测量的准确性与视觉比色相比,差异尚不具有显著性.     

Amniotic fluid can act as an appetitive unconditioned stimulus in preweanling rats

Studies in humans and animals indicate that exposure to flavors in the amniotic fluid during the later gestational period may induce preferences for those flavors. Considering that during the last prenatal period the amniotic fluid contains substances that activate the opioid system, and that this system plays a critical role in the acquisition of olfactory preferences early in life, it has been hypothesized that the amniotic fluid may acquire appetitive unconditioned properties during this period. This has been tested in an experiment in which preweanling rats were exposed to alcohol odor (CS) paired or unpaired with the intraoral infusion of amniotic fluid (US) collected on gestational day 20. The pairing of these two stimuli induced an enhanced palatability of alcohol's flavor as well an increased intake of the drug. These results support the idea that amniotic fluid acquires appetitive unconditioned properties during the last days of gestation and suggest that associative mechanisms involving the amniotic fluid could be underlying odor and taste preferences acquired through fetal exposure.     

Orientation tuning of surround suppression in lateral geniculate nucleus and primary visual cortex of cat

We previously suggested that orientation-tuned surround suppression of responses of cells in the primary visual cortex (V1) is primarily caused by a decrease in geniculocortical input for the cell [Ozeki H, Sadakane O, Akasaki T, Naito T, Shimegi S, Sato H (2004) Relationship between excitation and inhibition underlying size tuning and contextual response modulation in the cat primary visual cortex. J Neurosci 24:1428-1438]. To further test this hypothesis, we compared the strength of orientation and spatial phase selectivity of surround suppression, and the spatial extent of the extraclassical receptive field (ECRF) between the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and V1 neurons of anesthetized cats. Extraclassical surround suppression in the LGN was well tuned to orientation-contrast and relative spatial phase between the classical receptive field (CRF) and ECRF stimuli. Significant orientation-tuned surround suppression was observed in 72.6% of the LGN neurons and the 66.7% of the V1 neurons tested. The degree of orientation selectivity of ECRF in LGN was comparable to that in V1; however, the strength of the relative spatial phase selectivity of ECRF in LGN was higher than that previously reported for V1 [Akasaki T, Sato H, Yoshimura Y, Ozeki H, Shimegi S (2002) Suppressive effects of receptive field surround on neuronal activity in the cat primary visual cortex. Neurosci Res 43:207-220; DeAngelis GC, Freeman RD, Ohzawa I (1994) Length and width tuning of neurons in the cat's primary visual cortex. J Neurophysiol 71:347-374]. In 70% of the LGN neurons that exhibited significant orientation-tuned extraclassical surround suppression, the effective orientation of the suppression varied according to a change in the orientation of CRF stimulus, while the remaining 30% exhibited a fixed preferred orientation of the suppression regardless of the orientation of the CRF grating. These results suggest that the basic properties of surround suppression, such as orientation and spatial phase tuning, already exist in cat LGN and that a decrease of surround suppression in excitatory inputs from LGN by surround suppression is the primary cause of surround suppression in V1. Corticogeniculate feedback may further elaborate the properties of surround suppression in LGN.     

中药方剂编码系统国家标准（GB/T 31773）与国际标准（ISO/DIS 20334）的比较

中药方剂是"理法方药"、"辨证论治"和中医药特色、优势的重要体现。中药方剂编码系统是以标准的形式,把中药方剂的特色和优势固化下来,形成数字化的计算机语言,并传播出去,保证信息传输与交换快速、准确、安全。2015年5月29日,国家质量监督检验检疫总局、国家标准化管理委员会批准发布了国家标准《中药方剂编码规则及编码》(GB/T31773),国际标准化组织(ISO)将陆续发布国际标准《中药方剂编码系统》(ISO/DIS 20334)。为此,本文通过对GB/T 31773与ISO/DIS 20334进行比较研究,从题目、编码规则、收录范围、韩国四象医学等方面,阐述两者的异同,以便更好地在医疗卫生系统、智能药房等领域中推广与应用中药方剂编码系统,让标准化、规范化、信息化给相关的医药管理与应用带来便利。     

发皇“伤寒”微旨，探究新冠论治

[目的]通过发掘《伤寒杂病论》中对新型冠状病毒(以下简称新冠病毒)感染治疗有借鉴意义的治则治法、方药等,探究新型冠状病毒肺炎(以下简称新冠肺炎)的论治。[方法]通过古今文献考证、查阅近期新冠病毒相关的研究,比较“伤寒病”与此次新冠肺炎流行时的气候条件、地域特点、传染性强弱,以及两者具体证候特点、症候体征、传变规律等相似之处,进行合理分析,明确《伤寒杂病论》对新冠肺炎防治的指导意义,并列举验案一则加以佐证。[结果]《伤寒杂病论》成书年代的气候与此次新冠肺炎起病时相似,疫情发生的地域相近,两者的传染性相仿,新冠肺炎在三阴三阳时不同的证候特点、症候体征在《伤寒杂病论》中有迹可循,六经传变也提示疾病的发生发展规律。根据临床总结和实践,筛选出有明显抗疫疗效的“三药三方”,三药为金花清感颗粒、连花清瘟胶囊、血必净注射液,三方为清肺排毒汤、化湿败毒方、宣肺败毒方。“三药三方”均由经方化裁而成,其中清肺排毒汤实践证明其总有效率达90%以上,该系列方药的成功应用印证了经方抗疫的有效性。本文医案辨病为疫毒闭肺之重型新冠肺炎,治以宣肺止咳、清热解毒,并贯穿病程始终,方用麻杏石甘汤合小陷胸汤、苇茎汤加减,患者乏力、咳嗽咳痰等症状明显好转,取得成效。[结论]本次新冠肺炎疫情与“伤寒病”有着高度的一致性,《伤寒杂病论》可以指导新冠肺炎的防治。深入发掘《伤寒杂病论》中治疗疫病的治法方药等,对中医药防治传染病具有重大意义。     

A classical Ehlers-Danlos syndrome family with incomplete presentation diagnosed by molecular testing

The 2017 EDS revised nosology indicates that minimal criteria suggestive for classical Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (cEDS) are skin hyperextensibility plus atrophic scarring together with either generalized joint hypermobility (gJHM) and/or at least three minor criteria that include cutaneous features and gJHM complications. Confirmatory molecular testing is obligatory to reach a final diagnosis. Although the large majority of the patients presents with these clinical features, some do not and might remain undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. Here we describe a family with 2 affected members, a 23-year-old proposita and her 51-year-old mother, who presented subtle cutaneous signs, including a variable degree of skin hyperextensibility without extensive widened atrophic scars that apparently better fitted with the overlapping hypermobile EDS. The proposita also presented gastrointestinal symptoms secondary to aberrant mast cells mediators release, making the clinical picture even more puzzling. Both patients were diagnosed by molecular testing that revealed a COL5A1 splice mutation. This report highlights the relevance of molecular analysis in patients presenting rather mild signs of EDS, especially in familial cases, and the importance of clinical expertise to make such a diagnosis.     

和谐社会:中国古典哲学的视角

构建社会主义和谐社会是中国共产党人的又一重大理论创新,它既是对马克思主义关于社会主义建设理论的丰富和发展,也是对我国传统和谐思想资源的汲取与借鉴。“和”是中国古典哲学在探究“天人”、“人人”、“人我”关系时总结出来的人生智慧,表现为“天与人”、“人与人”、“人与我”和谐相处、圆融无碍的境界。中国古典哲学中的“和谐”观有着极为丰富的内涵,对社会维系具有四重意义：“和实生物”——“和”是社会存在的基础;“相成相济”——“和”是社会运行的秩序;“以和为贵”——“和”是社会协调的保障;“无过无不及”——“和”是社会发展的尺度。和谐思想贯穿于中国思想发展吏的各个时期,积淀为中国文化的基本精神,生生不息,历久弥新,不仅闪烁着东方式的哲学智慧,显示出独特的理论价值,而且在促进社会进步、推动社会发展的历史进程中,发挥了不可或缺的重要作用,并为社会主义和谐社会的构建提供了极富价值的重要启示。