口内入路改良下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术矫治下颌前突

目的:探讨改良下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术(SSRO)和经典SSRO何种术式是矫治下颌前突的更为合适的手术方式。方法:采用改良SSRO或经典SSRO矫正真性下颌前突及下颌前突合并其他部位畸形患者95例,采用改良术式矫正43例,经典术式矫正52例。结果:经典术式组术后单侧或双侧下唇麻木9例,劈骨时单侧下颌升支意外骨折1例,严重出血1例,术后切口感染1例,术后复发3例。改良术式组术后感觉障碍2例,术后复发1例,无颌骨意外骨折、严重出血、术后感染等并发症发生。随访3月～7年,所有患者术后面型及咬合关系均得到明显改善。结论:改良术式具有经典术式无法比拟的优点:操作方便,手术时间短,术后恢复快;手术风险小;增加了下颌体的后退量;术中术后并发症少。因而是下颌前突尤其是严重前突和伴有偏颌畸形患者升支矢状劈开旋转、后退的首选术式,配合正规及时的术前、术后口腔正畸治疗,具有更为广阔的应用前景。     

经典名方甘草泻心汤基准样品的量值传递研究

目的 建立经典名方甘草泻心汤（Gancao Xiexin Decoction,GXD）基准样品的HPLC图谱及指标性成分含量测定方法,研究GXD基准样品量值传递规律。方法 制备15批GXD基准样品,建立特征图谱并选用《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价》软件进行相似度评价,明确特征峰并对其进行归属。测定指标性成分甘草苷、甘草酸、黄芩苷、盐酸小檗碱、表小檗碱、黄连碱、巴马汀的含量,计算指标成分转移率,分析指标成分在饮片-基准样品中量值传递的规律。结果 15批GXD基准样品指纹图谱相似度均大于0.90,共指认22个共有峰,甘草5个、黄芩5个、甘草和黄芩共有3个、黄连6个、黄芩和黄连共有2个、干姜1个;各指标成分从药材-饮片平均转移率分别为98.69%、98.13%、96.94%、94.59%、91.76%、88.08%、94.16%;饮片-基准样品平均转移率为49.08%、42.24%、28.34%、26.72%、29.32%、33.62%、47.93%。结论 特征图谱与多指标成分含量测定方法相结合,对GXD药材-饮片-基准样品的量值传递过程进行分析研究,为经典名方GXD制剂开发提供参考。     

Soy-based formulas and phyto-oestrogens: a safety profile

Phyto-oestrogens are non-steroidal plant-derived compounds that possess oestrogenic activity and act as selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). Among the dietary oestrogens, the isoflavone class enjoy a wide-spread distribution in most of the members of the Leguminosae family, including such prominent high-content representatives as soybean. Phyto-oestrogen research has grown rapidly in recent years owing to epidemiological studies suggesting that diets rich in soy may be associated with potential health benefits. There is a paucity of data on endocrine effects of soy phytochemicals during infancy, the most sensitive period of life for the induction of toxicity. The safety of isoflavones in infant formulas has been questioned recently owing to reports of possible hormonal effects. Infants fed soy formula receive high levels of phyto-oestrogens in the form of isoflavones (genistein, daidzein and their glycosides). To date, no adverse effects of short- or long-term use of soy proteins have been observed in humans and exposure to soy-based infant formulas does not appear to lead to different reproductive outcomes than exposure to cow milk formulas. Soy formula seems to be a safe feeding option for most infants. Nevertheless, much closer studies in experimental animals and human populations exposed to phyto-oestrogen-containing products, and particularly soy-based infant formulas, are necessary.     

Simultaneous Detection of ACP1 and GC Genotypes Using PCR/SSCP

The classical enzyme and protein markers ACP1 and GC have gained new importance because of the biological functions of their gene products. ACP1 encodes a low molecular weight enzyme which is now recognized as a phosphotyrosine phosphatase with a role in the regulation of signal transduction pathways, and GC‐globulin acts both as a transporter of vitamin D and as a plasma actin scavenger and plays a role in macrophage activation. These two polymorphisms were phenotyped for decades on the basis of electrophoretic isozyme or protein patterns; the gene structures are now known. Nucleotide substitutions determining the common alleles are close enough at each locus to be contained in one short PCR product. We have developed a simple, rapid and reliable multiplex method based on PCR and SSCP which allows the simultaneous determination of the common ACP1 and GC genotypes.     

经典名方清胃散的研究进展

清胃散方记载于金代李东垣所著《兰室秘藏》,由当归（身）、生地黄（酒制）、黄连、牡丹皮、升麻5味中药组成,是治疗胃火牙痛的常用方剂。近年来,临床研究表明该方应用范围十分广泛。通过查阅文献,从处方来源、功效主治、化学成分、药理研究、临床应用方面进行综述,以期为新药研发提供依据。     

HPLC法测定黄柏生物碱成分含量及在二妙丸类方中的比较研究

目的:比较黄柏生物碱配伍二妙丸类方前后含量的变化,探讨类方方剂物质基础配伍变化的特征。方法:采用HPLC,Kromasil C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液(50∶50,每100 mL加十二烷基磺酸钠0.17 g),流速0.8 mL·min-1,柱温30℃,检测波长345 nm。测定黄柏及其二妙丸类方(二妙方、三妙方、四妙方、加味四妙方)中小檗碱、巴马汀及药根碱成分含量。结果:3种生物碱在四妙方中含量基本没变化,在二妙方、三妙方中含量减少,在加味四妙方中减少较多,药根碱较小檗碱、巴马汀在二妙丸类方中减少量大。结论:黄柏配伍二妙丸类方后,黄柏生物碱成分在基本方二妙及不同类方中呈现一定的变化规律。     

血清补体系统在流行性出血热患者中的变化及其意义

应用单向免疫扩散法测定了流行性出血热(EHF)患者的7种补体成份和血浆素原(Pg).结果表明,CT脂酶抑制剂在少尿期、多尿期和恢复期均高于正常(P<0.01);补体C_1q在多尿期高于正常(P<0.01);补体C_4在发热期和少尿期低于正常(P<0.01),以后逐渐恢复正常;补体C_3,C_5和C_9的变化与C_4相似;B因子在少尿期低于正常(P<0.01),在多尿期高于正常(P<0.05);Pg始终高于正常水平但在少尿期有回降.说明EHF患者不仅有补体经典途径的识别阶段、活化阶段和膜攻击阶段的变化,而且亦有旁路激活,其活化程度与病情有关.     

Evaluation of Oral Bait Vaccine Efficacy Against Classical Swine Fever in Village Backyard Pig Farms in Bhutan

Control and eradication of classical swine fever (CSF) in countries with a high proportion of backyard holdings is a challenge. Conventional attenuated Chinese C‐strain vaccines, though safe and effective, are difficult to use in backyard farms due to various practical reasons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the CSF oral bait vaccine in village backyard pig farms and to assess the farmers' knowledge on CSF and motivation on using oral vaccines. The pigs were fed the bait by the farmers themselves; one bait was given on day 0, followed by second bait on the next day. Seventy‐three per cent (140 of 193 pigs) of vaccinated pigs had either a slight (2‐fold–3‐fold; 60 pigs) or significant (at least 4‐fold; 80 pigs) increase of the antibody titre against CSFV. A significant increase of the antibody titres was mainly observed in pigs with no pre‐vaccination titre (OR = 12, 95% CI = 4–40). The number of pigs with protective antibody titres (≥40) rose from 47 (24%) to 115 (60%) following vaccination. Only 30% of the farmers claimed to be familiar with CSF, although clinical signs they mentioned were rather unspecific and could relate to many other pig diseases. Most of the farmers claimed to be motivated to use oral vaccines if made available. The oral vaccine could be a substitute for the conventional attenuated CSF vaccines in areas where it is logistically difficult for veterinarians to visit. It may therefore be a useful tool to combat endemic CSF disease in regions where the disease continues to have a serious impact on the backyard farmers who depend on pig farming for their sustenance and livelihoods.     

方剂“要药”概念的引入与意义

方剂＂要药＂是指方剂中除君臣药之外,在整首方剂中起到不可或缺的增效作用的药物;＂要药＂概念的引入对于弥补君臣佐使理论之不逮、剖析方理方义和指导遣药制方具有重要的理论和实践意义。