Dorsal hippocampal lesions impair appetitive classical conditioning to localized cues

Three experiments examined appetitive classical conditioning in rats with small electrolytic lesions of the dorsal hippocampus. In all the experiments, the reinforcer was food delivery and the conditioned response (CR) entry to the food tray; the three experiments differed in the nature of the conditioned stimulus (CS). When this was a small light located inside the food tray, conditioning was impaired in lesioned animals, but when the CS was a general increase in illumination, they learned at the same rate as controls. With a white noise as the CS, learning was significantly faster in lesioned subjects. These data demonstrate that lesions of the dorsal hippocampus can produce impairments in appetitive delay conditioning, but only with certain types of CS. It is suggested that deficits are found with CSs that are localized in space.     

杨氏贴棉灸治疗神经性皮炎疗效观察

目的:比较杨氏贴棉灸与激素治疗神经性皮炎的疗效差异。方法:60例神经性皮炎患者,按随机数字表分为两组,治疗组用杨氏贴棉灸方法治疗,对照组用醋酸去炎松尿素软膏涂抹,治疗1周后开始观察疗效,持续治疗4周,治疗结束后进行疗效评价。结果:治疗组总有效率93.3%,对照组总有效率80.0%,两组间比较,经统计学χ2检验,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:杨氏     

邵经明教授学术思想探讨

邵经明教授从医70多年,在疾病诊断、配穴处方、针刺手法及针灸药并用等方面,均有独到的学术见解,认为应病证结合,借鉴现代医学明确诊断;取穴应少而精,选用背俞穴治疗疑难病症常可获佳效;正确运用针刺手法,得气是取效的关键;创用热感手法、指压捻入式进针法、注射式进针法;针灸与药物并用可提高疗效,并撰写近30万字的《中医知要》。     

张家维教授治疗女性更年期综合征经验撷要

介绍张家维教授治疗女性更年期综合征的独到经验。根据女性更年期患者的生理病理特点，张老提出中医治疗更年期综合征应以补脾益肾、调和阴阳为总的治疗原则；在针灸治疗中，首先应讲究针法应用。张老根据多年的临床经验，总结了一套以“稳、准、轻、快”为特点的张氏飞针手法，同时，重视五脏背俞穴埋线治疗；此外，还提倡在治疗中应因时、因地、因人制宜，主张先针后灸，针药并用。     

论"精确处方"与"模糊处方"

药物与药物合用之后可能发生的关系,称为"药际关系",这种关系是客观存在,而配伍则具有主观性。要使配伍的主观愿望得以实现,必须使药物符合"好的药际关系"。经方、时方产生的根源正在于是否符合"特别好的药际关系"。在此基础上,可由含糊的经方、时方的概念,推出"精确处方"与"模糊处方"的新概念。由此,方剂大致可区分为两大类,这样的区分,使方剂学教学和方剂学研究今后可以向着两个不同的方向发展,而临床运用方剂也可以按不同的思路进行。     

NET ABSORPTION OF STARCH IN LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS

Abstract. Senterre, J. (Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Liège, Belgium). Net absorption of starch in low birth weight infants. Ada Paediatr Scand, 69: 653, 1980. —Twelve 3-day metabolic balance studies were carried out in 12 low birth weight infants fed an infant formula providing 3.5 g of corn starch per kilogram body weight per day. The mean coefficients of net absorption were 88±6% for starch, 70±14% for fat and 90±4% for nitrogen. No relationship was found between starch absorption and nitrogen or fat absorption. There was no relationship between starch absorption and the duration of starch feeding. It is concluded that the ability of young infants to digest large quantities of starch is most likely limited resulting from low pancreatic alpha-amylase activity. Nevertheless, from a practical point of view, small amounts of starch in infant formulas can be considered not only as a thickener but also as a source of calories.     

BOB.1, CD79a and cyclin E are the most appropriate markers to discriminate classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma from primary mediastinal large B‐cell lymphoma

Hoeller S, Zihler D, Zlobec I, Obermann EC, Pileri SA, Dirnhofer S & Tzankov A
(2010) Histopathology 56, 217–228 BOB.1, CD79a and cyclin E are the most appropriate markers to discriminate classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma from primary mediastinal large B‐cell lymphoma Aims: To clarify which immunohistochemical markers could be helpful in distinguishing between classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma (cHL) and primary mediastinal B‐cell lymphoma (PMBCL) to more narrowly define ‘B‐cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and cHL’. Methods and results: Two hundred and 83 cHLs and 51 PMBCLs were analysed on validated tissue microarray platforms with antibodies to BOB.1, CD15, CD20, CD23, CD30, CD79a, cyclin E, LMP‐1, MUM1p, p63 and Oct2. The marker cut‐off scores were calculated using receiver–operating characteristic curves. Markers with the highest positive predictive value for cHL were: CD15, cyclin E, LMP‐1 (all 100%), MUM1p (93%) and CD30 (83%). High sensitivity was achieved only by CD30 (92%) and cyclin E (79%). Nineteen percent of PMBCLs were also positive for CD30, which led to a lower specificity of CD30 as regards cHL (81%) compared with cyclin E (100%). The antibodies with the highest positive predictive value for PMBCL were: CD23 (98%), p63 (96%), BOB.1 (94%) and CD79a (90%), with high sensitivity for BOB.1 (100%), CD79a (89%) and p63 (82%). Conclusions: The use of at least three of the most accurate immunohistochemical markers, cyclin E, CD79a and BOB.1, may be helpful in the differential diagnosis of cHL and PMBCL.     

Introduction to academic experience of Prof. Huang Xian-ming

With his profound knowledge from family education and meticulous scholarship,Prof.HUANG Xian-ming is extremely knowledgeable in Chinese medical art by drawing the advantage from modern medicine.     

Impact of early feeding on childhood eczema: development after nutritional intervention compared with the natural course – the GINIplus study up to the age of 6 years

Background Nutritional intervention with hydrolysed infant formulas has been shown efficacious in preventing eczema in children predisposed to allergy. However, this preventive effect has never been related to the natural course of eczema in children with or without a family history of allergy. The aim of this study therefore was to compare the course of eczema in predisposed children after nutritional intervention to the natural course of eczema. Method The prospective German birth cohort study GINIplus includes a total of 5991 children, subdivided into interventional and non‐interventional groups. Children with a familial predisposition for allergy whose parents agreed to participate in the prospective, double‐blind intervention trial (N=2252) were randomly assigned at birth to one of four formulas: partially or extensively hydrolysed whey, extensively hydrolysed casein (eHF‐C) or standard cow's milk formula. Children with or without familial predisposition represented the non‐interventional group (N=3739). Follow‐up data were taken from yearly self‐administered questionnaires from 1 up to 6 years. The outcome was physician‐diagnosed eczema and its symptoms. The cumulative incidence of eczema in predisposed children with or without nutritional intervention was compared with that of non‐predisposed children who did not receive intervention. Cox regression was used to adjust for confounding. Results Predisposed children without nutritional intervention had a 2.1 times higher risk for eczema [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6–2.7] than children without a familial predisposition. The risk was smaller with nutritional intervention even levelling out to 1.3 (95% CI 0.9–1.9) in children fed eHF‐C formula. Conclusion Although direct comparability is somewhat restricted, the data demonstrate that early intervention with hydrolysed infant formulas can substantially compensate up until the age of 6 years for an enhanced risk of childhood eczema due to familial predisposition to allergy. Cite this as: A. v. Berg, U. Krämer, E. Link, C. Bollrath, J. Heinrich, I. Brockow, S. Koletzko, A. Grübl, B. Filipiak‐Pittroff, H.‐E. Wichmann, C.‐P. Bauer, D. Reinhardt, D. Berdel and the GINIplus study group, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 627–636.