维生素D3联合格列美脲治疗2型糖尿病的疗效观察

目的探讨维生素D_3片联合格列美脲片治疗2型糖尿病的临床疗效。方法选取2016年2月—2017年1月在襄阳市中心医院接受治疗的2型糖尿病患者86例,依据治疗方法差别分为对照组与治疗组,每组各43例。对照组初始口服格列美脲片,1 mg/次,1次/d,根据血糖调整用药,最大维持剂量不超过6 mg/d。治疗组在对照组的基础上口服维生素D_3片,1片/次,2次/d。两组患者均治疗4周。比较两组治疗前后临床疗效、血糖指标变化以及内环境稳态模型评估-β(HOMA-β)、HOMA-IR和25(OH)D_3水平。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为81.40%和95.35%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb Alc)及空腹胰岛素(FINS)水平均显著下降(P0.05);且治疗组血糖指标变化水平显著好于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组HOMA-β及25(OH)D_3水平显著升高,并且HOMA-IR水平明显降低,同组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组上述指标改善情况显著优于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论维生素D_3片联合格列美脲片治疗2型糖尿病具有较好的临床效果,可有效改善胰岛素抵抗和提高敏感性,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

Influence of aerobic fitness on age-related lymphocyte DNA damage in humans: relationship with mitochondria respiratory chain and hydrogen peroxide production

The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of aerobic fitness (AF) on age-related lymphocyte DNA damage in humans, giving special attention to the role of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and hydrogen peroxide production. Considering age and AF (as assessed by VO₂max), 66 males (19–59 years old) were classified as high fitness (HF) or low fitness (LF) and distributed into one of the following groups: young adults (19–29 years old), adults (30–39 years old), and middle-aged adults (over 40 years old). Peripheral lymphocytes obtained at rest were used to assess DNA damage (strand breaks and formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (FPG) sites through the comet assay), activity of mitochondrial complexes I and II (polarographically measured), and the hydrogen peroxide production rate (assayed by fluorescence). Results revealed a significant interaction between age groups and AF for DNA strand breaks (F = 8.415, p = .000), FPG sites (F = 11.766, p = .000), mitochondrial complex I activity (F = 7.555, p = .000), and H₂O₂ production (F = 7.500, p = .000). Except for mitochondrial complex II activity, the age variation of the remaining parameters was significantly attenuated by HF. Considering each AF level, an increase in DNA strand breaks and FPG sites with age (r = 0.655, p = 0.000, and r = 0.738, p = 0.000, respectively) was only observed in LF. Moreover, decreased mitochondrial complex I activity with age (r = −.470, p = .009) was reported in LF. These results allow the conclusion that high AF seems to play a key role in attenuating the biological aging process.     

急性脑梗死患者糖调节受损的分布及其临床价值分析

目的：探讨急性脑梗死糖调节受损（IGR）的分布情况,并就FG、HbA1c、餐后2h血糖及胰岛素对急性脑血管患者血糖评估的价值进行重新评价。方法：测定2007年1月-2008年12月急性脑梗死患者的空腹血糖及胰岛素、餐后2h血糖及胰岛素、HbA1c等,按世界卫生组织的正常血糖、IGR、糖尿病诊断标准进行评定,了解IGR在急性脑血管病的分布情况,并对以上各指标的临床价值进行重新评估。结果：263例急性脑梗死患者既往已确诊有2型糖尿病史者103例,经连续2次空腹血糖测定≥7．0mmol·L^-1而新确诊为2型糖尿病者17例,IGR5例;经口服糖耐量试验（OGTT）试验后新诊糖尿病患者36例,即入院后的急性脑梗死患者中新诊糖尿病患者为53倒,占总病例数的20．15％,在263例患者,最终确诊糖尿患者数为156例,即合并糖尿患者比例由入院时的39．16％增加至59．32％;另新诊断IGR患者27例,其中IFG10例,I-IGT12例,IFG＋IGT5例,糖代谢异常率由入院时的47．53％上升至OGTT试验后的69．58％。NGT组、IGR组、DM组的HbAIc异常率分别为5／80（6．25％）,13／27（48．15％）,132／156（84．62％）,空腹胰岛素值分别为：10．06±9．28,9．55±5．42,9．98±5．26mU·L^-1,餐后2h胰岛素分别为28．18±18．06,50．77±32．37,35．6±27．2mu·L^-1.NIHSS评分分别为4．21±2．27,4．80±2．81,5．83±2．88。结论：急性脑梗死患者中存在广泛的糖代谢畀常,仅据空腹血糖和既往糖尿病史将使81．48％IGR、20．15％糖尿病病人漏诊,对急性脑血管病人进行餐后2h血糖及胰岛素、HbA1c测定有利于对患者血糖的正确评估及治疗。     

Hepatitis C virus infection and diabetes: direct involvement of the virus in the development of insulin resistance

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Epidemiological studies have suggested a linkage between type 2 diabetes and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, the presence of additional factors such as obesity, aging, or cirrhosis prevents the establishment of a definite relationship between these 2 conditions. METHODS: A mouse model transgenic for the HCV core gene was used. RESULTS: In the glucose tolerance test, plasma glucose levels were higher at all time points including in the fasting state in the core gene transgenic mice than in control mice, although the difference was not statistically significant. In contrast, the transgenic mice exhibited a marked insulin resistance as revealed by the insulin tolerance test, as well as significantly higher basal serum insulin levels. Feeding with a high-fat diet led to the development of overt diabetes in the transgenic mice but not in control mice. A high level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which has been also observed in human chronic hepatitis C patients, was considered to be one of the bases of insulin resistance in the transgenic mice, which acts by disturbing tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1. Moreover, administration of an anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibody restored insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: The ability of insulin to lower the plasma glucose level in the HCV transgenic mice was impaired, as observed in chronic hepatitis C patients. These results provide a direct experimental evidence for the contribution of HCV in the development of insulin resistance in human HCV infection, which finally leads to the development of type 2 diabetes.     

Association of Dysglycemia and All-Cause Mortality Across the Spectrum of Coronary Artery Disease

ObjectiveTo assess the association between fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and all-cause mortality across the spectrum of coronary artery disease (CAD).Patients and MethodsThe study included 18,999 patients during a study period of April 1, 2004, through October 31, 2010. The primary end points were in-hospital and follow-up all-cause mortality. According to the quartiles of FPG levels, patients were categorized into 4 groups: quartile 1, less than 5.1 mmol/L; quartile 2, 5.1 to less than 5.9 mmol/L; quartile 3, 5.9 to less than 7.5 mmol/L; and quartile 4, 7.5 mmol/L or greater. The conversion factor for units of plasma glucose is 1.00 mmol/L equals 18 mg/dL. Presented as mg/dL, the 4 quartile ranges of plasma glucose concentrations used in our data analysis are ≤90.0 mg/dL, 90.1-106.0 mg/dL, 106.1 mg/dL-135.0 mg/dL and ≥135.1 mg/dL. Quartile 1 was recognized as the lower glycemic group, quartiles 2 and 3 as the normoglycemic groups, and quartile 4 as the higher glycemic group.ResultsIn patients with acute myocardial infarction, all-cause mortality for the dysglycemic groups was higher than for the normoglycemic groups: in-hospital mortality for quartiles 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 1.0%, 0.9%, 0.2%, and 1.5%, respectively (P=.001); follow-up mortality for quartiles 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 1.7%, 0.9%, 0.3%, and 1.8%, respectively (P<.001). In patients with stable CAD, no significant differences in mortality were found among groups. However, in patients with unstable angina pectoris, the normoglycemic groups had lower follow-up mortality and roughly equal in-hospital mortality compared with the dysglycemic groups. After adjusting for confounding factors, this observation persisted.ConclusionThe association between lower FPG level and mortality differed across the spectrum of CAD. In patients with acute myocardial infarction, there was a U-shaped relationship. In patients with stable CAD or unstable angina pectoris, mildly to moderately decreasing FPG level was associated with neither higher nor lower all-cause mortality.     

口服葡萄糖耐量试验诊断DM、IGT、IFG的临床意义

目的　探讨空腹血糖 (FPG) <7.0mmol/L ,OGTT试验诊断糖尿病 (DM )、糖耐量减低 (IGT)及空腹血糖损害 (IFG)的价值。方法　挑选经体检确认FPG >7.0mmol/L人群作为观察对象 ,经馒头餐后 2h PG≥ 6.7mmol/L人员 ,施以OGTT ,根据 1999年WHO标准分为三组 :DM组、IGT组及IFG组。给每一组人员检查 2 4h尿微量白蛋白 (UmALB)。结果　DM、IGT及IFG男性检出率分别为 6.6%、10 .5 %及 5 .1% ,女性为 5 .1%、12 .5 %及 3 .3 % ,男性DM及IFG检出率高于女性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,女性IGT检出率显著高于男性 (P <0 .0 1) ;2 4hUmALB ,FPG诊断DM组为 43 .2± 14 .3mg、OGTT诊断DM组为 3 0 .4± 15 .3mg、IGT组为 2 1.7± 8.5mg、IFG组为 7.7± 3 .6mg、正常对照组 7.5± 4.6mg ,DM组、IGT组均显著高于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,IFG组与正常对照组无差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　对于FPG <7.0mmol/L者 ,应以OGTT试验来筛查患者是否有糖尿病或糖耐量异常。     

血糖仪检测空腹毛细血管血糖在糖尿病筛检中的应用

目的评价血糖仪检测空腹毛细血管血糖在糖尿病筛检中的应用,为2型糖尿病的筛检提供依据。方法采用比例分层整群抽样的方法,选取天津市武清区15～75岁居民为研究对象。以血糖仪检测毛细血管空腹血糖,对血糖≥5.0mmol/L者进行餐后2h血糖测试。数据用SPSS11.5软件进行统计学处理。结果糖尿病检出率为42.83%,糖耐量受损检出率为27.88%,空腹血糖受损检出率为3.74%。以空腹血糖为测试变量,分别以餐后2 h血糖≥11.1mmol/L和餐后2 h血糖7.8～11.0 mmol/L为说明变量进行受试者工作特征曲线分析,曲线下面积分别为0.862和0.405。结论血糖仪检测空腹毛细血管血糖在糖尿病筛查中有一定的应用意义,且简便、快捷。     

左旋卡尼汀对糖尿病大鼠血糖及游离脂肪酸影响

目的 通过观察左旋卡尼汀干预后糖尿病大鼠空腹血糖(FPG)和血清游离脂肪酸(FFA)的变化规律,探讨左旋卡尼汀对糖尿病大鼠FPG和FFA的影响.方法 采用区组随机分组的方法将36只大鼠分为对照组(NC组)、糖尿病空白组(DM组)和左旋卡尼汀干预组(L-CN组)各12只.将DM组和L-CN组大鼠按照65mg/(kg·bw)剂量腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)溶液,72 h后测空腹血糖;对L-CN组大鼠腹腔注射左旋卡尼汀,250mg/(kg·bw)其他组腹腔注射无菌水,观察6周测空腹血糖、体重和血清游离脂肪酸.结果 链脲佐菌素制备糖尿病模型成功率为91.7%;观察6周后,3组体重变化值、血清游离脂肪酸含量差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001),3组空腹血糖变化值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 链脲佐菌素制备糖尿病模型成功率高,并且较稳定;L-CN能降低血清游离脂肪酸和体重,但对空腹血糖影响不大.