脂肪肝与血脂、血糖异常相关性分析

目的:探讨脂肪肝的发生与血甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、空腹血糖(FPG)的关系。方法:对398名健康体检者进行常规体检,对TG、TC、FPG、肝胆彩超检查结果进行比较分析。结果:脂肪肝在成人体检中的发现率为35.43%,其中TG升高54.44%(92/169),TC升高51.92%(27/57),空腹血糖升高71.43%(30/42)。然而TG、TC、FPG异常在调查总体发现率分别为23.12%(92/398)、6.78%(27/398)、7.54%(30/398)。结论:TG升高与脂肪肝在成人体检中的发现率相近,而TC、FPG升高,在调查的总体人群中脂肪肝发现率远远低于TG升高组,说明TG升高是脂肪肝形成的主要原因之一。     

糖尿病病人红细胞和血小板与血糖、胰岛素及其抵抗指数的临床相关性

目的探讨糖尿病病人空腹血糖和胰岛素及其抵抗与红细胞和血小板的临床相关性。方法2型糖尿病100例和1型糖尿病21例与对照组45例资料进行对比。结果糖尿病病人的空腹血糖、胰岛素、抵抗指数与红细胞和血小板t≥3．5．P〈0．05。0．01；相关r=1～1．003。结论糖尿病的空腹血糖和空腹胰岛素及胰岛素抵抗指数与红细胞和血小板显著相关，各组间存在显著差别。     

Ochratoxin A reduces aflatoxin B1 induced DNA damage detected by the comet assay in Hep G2 cells

Mycotoxins aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) can be present together in food commodities. These food contaminants are considered to be genotoxins, acting by different mechanisms. The aim of this work was to characterize combined genotoxic in vitro effects of both mycotoxins in Hep G2 cells. For this purpose, cytotoxicity was first determined in isolated and combined treatments in order to determine the dose range of genotoxicity studies. Co-exposure of cells to OTA + AFB1 for 24 h resulted in additive effects. Genotoxicity was determined in Hep G2 cells by the modified comet assay with restriction enzymes (endo III and FPG). Significant reactive oxygen species formation was detected in both single and combined treatments. AFB1 was genotoxic after 3 h with external metabolic activation (S9 mix) and after 24 h without metabolic activation. Co-exposure to OTA significantly decreased DNA damage induced by AFB1, not only in breaks and apurinic sites but also in FPG-sensitive sites. The apparent contradiction between additive cytotoxic effects and antagonic genotoxic effects may be explained if AFB1 and OTA compete for the same CYPs, yielding more ROS but less AFB1 adducts.     

十味消渴胶囊联合沙格列汀治疗2型糖尿病的临床研究

目的观察十味消渴胶囊联合沙格列汀治疗2型糖尿病的临床疗效。方法选取2018年1月—2018年12月天津医科大学朱宪彝纪念医院收治的2型糖尿病患者中选取106例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各53例。对照组口服沙格列汀片,5 mg/次,1次/d;治疗组在对照组治疗基础上口服十味消渴胶囊,6粒/次,3次/d。两组患者均连续治疗12周。观察两组的临床疗,比较两组治疗前后中医症候积分、血糖相关指标和炎症因子水平的变化情况。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别是75.47%、92.45%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者口渴喜饮评分、五心烦热评分、倦怠乏力评分、总评分均较治疗前显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组这些症候评分显著低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2h血糖(2 h PG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、空腹胰岛素(Fins)水平均较治疗前显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组这些血糖相关指标显著低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平均较治疗前显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组hs-CRP、IL-6水平显著低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论十味消渴胶囊联合沙格列汀治疗2型糖尿病具有较好的临床疗效,可显著降低症状评分,更好的调节血糖相关指标,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

不同分型糖尿病HbA1c与FPG、血脂的相关性研究

目的探讨不同分型糖尿病患者HbA1c与FPG、血脂的相关性。方法收集本院糖尿病患者血液样本,检测HbA1c,FPG和血脂并对结果进行分析。结果 2种分型糖尿病患者HbA1c和FPG值均高于正常对照;1型糖尿病患者HbA1c与FPG呈正相关,与血脂各项指标无明显相关性;2型糖尿病患者HbA1c分别与FPG、TC、TG、LDL和VLDL呈正相关,与HDL呈负相关。     

Combined use of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-1 ratio prior to elective coronary angiography and oral glucose tolerance tests

Objectives

The study aimed to investigate the predictive value of the combination of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and apolipoprotein B (apoB)/apoA-1 ratio for the outcomes of coronary angiography (CAG), echocardiography and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs).

Design and methods

Hs-CRP, apoB, apoA-1, and the profiles of CAG, echocardiography and OGTTs as well as traditional risk factors were measured in 1757 cardiology patients.

Results

Hs-CRP or apoB/apoA-1 ratio was significantly correlated with the presence and severity of angiographic profiles, the levels of left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, LV mass and LV mass index, and the presence of abnormal glucose metabolism. The combination of hs-CRP and apoB/apoA-1 ratio had greater correlation with abnormal glucose metabolism than its individual components in patients with normal fasting glucose, and was an independent predictor for coronary artery disease.

Conclusions

The combination of hs-CRP and apoB/apoA-1 ratio may be a strong predictor for coronary artery disease and abnormal glucose metabolism.     

中医药综合治疗联合西药控制糖尿病血糖

[目的]观察中医药综合治疗联合西药控制糖尿病血糖疗效。[方法]对糖尿病前期10例、糖尿病中晚期大剂量使用胰岛素但血糖仍控制不佳者20例使用健康教育、饮食控制、适量运动、西药常规、中医辨证、巧用药对等综合措施控制血糖,观测临床症状、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2h血糖(2hPG)。[结果]糖尿病前期患者7例达标,继续监测血糖、随访。糖尿病中晚期大剂量使用胰岛素患者15例达标,且胰岛素剂量均减少1/2～1/3。[结论]中医药综合治疗联合西药控制糖尿病血糖效果理想。     

Self-reported fast eating is a potent predictor of development of impaired glucose tolerance in Japanese men and women: Tsukuba Medical Center Study

We recorded self-reported eating patterns in 172 Japanese men and women who were subsequently followed for 3 years for the occurrence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).Incidence of IGT was significantly higher in those who reported eating fast. Self-reported eating fast is a potent risk factor for development of IGT.     

Measurement of oxidative damage to DNA in nanomaterial exposed cells and animals

Increased levels of oxidatively damaged DNA have been documented in studies of metal, metal oxide, carbon‐based and ceramic engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). In particular, 8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydroguanine‐2'‐deoxyguanosine (8‐oxodG) is widely assessed as a DNA nucleobase oxidation product, measured by chromatographic assays, antibody‐based methods or the comet assay with DNA repair enzymes. However, spurious oxidation of DNA has been a problem in certain studies applying chromatographic assays, yielding high baseline levels of 8‐oxodG. Antibody‐based assays detect high 8‐oxodG baseline levels, related to cross‐reactivity with other molecules in cells. This review provides an overview of efforts to reliably detect oxidatively damaged DNA and a critical assessment of the published studies on DNA damage levels. Animal studies with high baseline levels of oxidatively damaged DNA are more likely to show positive associations between exposure to ENMs and oxidized DNA in tissue than studies showing acceptable baseline levels (odds ratio = 12.1, 95% confidence interval: 1.2–124). Nevertheless, reliable studies indicate that intratracheal instillation of nanosized carbon black is associated with increased levels of oxidatively damaged DNA in lung tissue. Oral exposure to nanosized carbon black, TiO₂, carbon nanotubes and ZnO is associated with elevated levels of oxidatively damaged DNA in tissues. These observations are supported by cell culture studies showing concentration‐dependent associations between ENM exposure and oxidatively damaged DNA measured by the comet assay. Cell culture studies show relatively high variation in the ability of ENMs to oxidatively damage DNA; hence, it is currently impossible to group ENMs according to their DNA damaging potential. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 56:97–110, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.