Nocturnal hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes with sleep apnoea syndrome

The prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) diagnosed by WHO criterion (2-hPG ≥ 7.8 mmol/L) was 13.4%. By International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria of FPG ≥ 5.1 mmol/L, prevalence of GDM was 3.2%. FPG may not be suitable for diagnosis of GDM in Asian Indians due to high insulin resistance in addition to pregnancy hormonal effect.     

Case studies putting the decision-making framework for the grouping and testing of nanomaterials (DF4nanoGrouping) into practice

Case studies covering carbonaceous nanomaterials, metal oxide and metal sulphate nanomaterials, amorphous silica and organic pigments were performed to assess the Decision-making framework for the grouping and testing of nanomaterials (DF4nanoGrouping). The usefulness of the DF4nanoGrouping for nanomaterial hazard assessment was confirmed. In two tiers that rely exclusively on non-animal test methods followed by a third tier, if necessary, in which data from rat short-term inhalation studies are evaluated, nanomaterials are assigned to one of four main groups (MGs). The DF4nanoGrouping proved efficient in sorting out nanomaterials that could undergo hazard assessment without further testing. These are soluble nanomaterials (MG1) whose further hazard assessment should rely on read-across to the dissolved materials, high aspect-ratio nanomaterials (MG2) which could be assessed according to their potential fibre toxicity and passive nanomaterials (MG3) that only elicit effects under pulmonary overload conditions. Thereby, the DF4nanoGrouping allows identifying active nanomaterials (MG4) that merit in-depth investigations, and it provides a solid rationale for their sub-grouping to specify the further information needs. Finally, the evaluated case study materials may be used as source nanomaterials in future read-across applications. Overall, the DF4nanoGrouping is a hazard assessment strategy that strictly uses animals as a last resort.     

中青年血清胆红素轻度增高者胆红素与血糖、血脂及血压的关系

目的观察中青年血清胆红素轻度增高者血糖、血脂及血压水平。方法中青年男女556人,高胆红素组296人,对照组260人。测定两组研究对象血清总胆红素、直接胆红素、空腹血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇及血压并对数据进行分析。结果男性胆红素高于女性,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。高胆红素组空腹血糖低于对照组,男性二组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,女性二组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。高胆红素组收缩压低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,舒张压高于对照组,且差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。高胆红素组男性总胆固醇、甘油三酯高于对照组,高及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇低于对照组,其中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与对照组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。高胆红素组女性总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇均高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。空腹血糖与男性总胆红素、直及间接胆红素和女性直接胆红素负相关。舒张压与男性总胆红素及直接胆红素和女性总胆红素及间接胆红素正相关;收缩压与男性胆红素不相关,与女性直接胆红素负相关。男性低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、女性总胆固醇、腰围与直接胆红素负相关。男性腰围与总胆红素、间接胆红素正相关。结论胆红素不同形式对空腹血糖均有影响,中青年阶段空腹血糖随着胆红素的增高而降低。胆红素对中青年男女舒张压的维持有一定作用,对收缩压的影响有性别差异,女性胆红素较高者,舒张压较低。中青年男女在高胆红素水平时有较少的心脑血管危险因素。     

血清hs-CRP、Hcy与妊娠期糖尿病及妊娠结局的关系

目的：探讨联合检测超敏C反应蛋白( hs-CRP)和同型半胱氨酸( Hcy)水平在妊娠期糖尿病( GDM)诊断及对妊娠结局的预测价值。方法选择2012年1月至2014年3月在安吉县第三人民医院门诊接受检查的GDM患者35例作为观察组;选择同期经临床排除GDM的正常孕产妇35例作为对照组。检测两组患者的hs-CRP和Hcy、空腹血糖和胰岛素水平,并跟踪两组妊娠结局。结果观察组患者空腹血糖、胰岛素、hs-CRP 和 Hcy 水平均高于对照组,均有显著性差异( t 值分别为13.07、12.02、3.65和12.02,均P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率为34.3%(12/35),对照组为11.4%(4/35),具有显著性差异(χ2=5.19,P<0.05)。有16例发生不良妊娠结局,其与54例正常妊娠者的hs-CRP和Hcy水平比较均明显增高,并有显著性差异( t值分别为7.88、14.17,均P<0.05)。结论妊娠女性的hs-CRP和Hcy水平与GDM发生具有密切联系,且高水平hs-CRP和Hcy对不良妊娠结局具有一定的预测作用,应该引起产科注意。     

Ameliorative effect of Withania coagulans on dyslipidemia and oxidative stress in nicotinamide–streptozotocin induced diabetes mellitus

Present study aims to evaluate the effect of Withania coagulans fruit (aqWC) on diabetic-dyslipidemia and antioxidant/oxidant status in DM. Diabetic animals were treated with aqWC at a dose of 250 mg/kg bw for 30 days. Lipid profile, MDA, GSH, SOD, FRAP, HMG CoA reductase and acetyl CoA carboxylase activities were estimated in blood and tissues. Total cholesterol, TAG and LDL were significantly elevated whereas HDL was decreased in diabetic animals (p < 0.05), simultaneously the lipid content and HMG CoA reductase activities were also increased, whereas acetyl CoA carboxylase activity decreased significantly in tissues of diabetic animals. MDA was increased and antioxidants such as SOD, GSH and FRAP decreased significantly in DM (p < 0.05). Oral administration of aqWC to diabetic animals produced significant improvement in serum lipid profile and tissue lipid content. Activity of HMG CoA reductase decreased, whereas acetyl CoA carboxylase activity increased significantly in tissues after aqWC treatment. Administration of aqWC to diabetic animals also showed significant increase in antioxidant levels i.e., GSH, SOD, FRAP and reduced level of MDA in blood and tissue homogenates as compared to diabetic controls (p < 0.05). These results suggest that aqWC treatment improved lipid profile and decreased oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus.     

Accumulation of lipids and oxidatively damaged DNA in hepatocytes exposed to particles

Exposure to particles has been suggested to generate hepatosteatosis by oxidative stress mechanisms. We investigated lipid accumulation in cultured human hepatocytes (HepG2) and rat liver after exposure to four different carbon-based particles. HepG2 cells were exposed to particles for 3 h and subsequently incubated for another 18 h to manifest lipid accumulation. In an animal model of metabolic syndrome we investigated the association between intake of carbon black (CB, 14 nm) particles and hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation and gene expression of Srebp-1, Fasn and Scd-1 involved in lipid synthesis. There was a concentration-dependent increase in intracellular lipid content after exposure to CB in HepG2 cells, which was only observed after co-exposure to oleic/palmitic acid. Similar results were observed in HepG2 cells after exposure to diesel exhaust particles, fullerenes C₆₀ or pristine single-walled carbon nanotubes. All four types of particles also generated oxidatively damaged DNA, assessed as formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (FPG) sensitive sites, in HepG2 cells after 3 h exposure. The animal model of metabolic syndrome showed increased lipid load in the liver after one oral exposure to 6.4 mg/kg of CB in lean Zucker rats. This was not associated with increased iNOS staining in the liver, indicating that the oral CB exposure was associated with hepatic steatosis rather than steatohepatitis. The lipid accumulation did not seem to be related to increased lipogenesis because there were unaltered gene expression levels in both the HepG2 cells and rat livers. Collectively, exposure to particles is associated with oxidative stress and steatosis in hepatocytes.     

理中化痰丸联合多潘立酮治疗糖尿病胃轻瘫随机平行对照研究

[目的]观察理中化痰丸联合多潘立酮治疗糖尿病胃轻瘫疗效。[方法]使用随机平行对照方法,将76例门诊及住院患者按就诊顺序编号法随机分为两组。对照组38例多潘立酮10mg/次,3次/d,饭后30min口服。治疗组38例理中化痰丸(党参、石菖蒲、生姜、法半夏、茯苓各15g,干姜、炒白术各18g,砂仁12g,炙甘草9g,大枣6g),1剂/d,水煎200mL,饭后2h口服;症状消失后,1剂/d,隔日1次;多潘立酮治疗同对照组。连续治疗30d为1疗程。观测临床症状、FPG、2hPG、HbA1c、复发率、不良反应。治疗1疗程,判定疗效。[结果]治疗组显效17例,有效18例,无效3例,总有效率92.11%。对照组显效11例,有效16例,无效11例,总有效率71.05%。治疗组疗效优于对照组(P0.05)。FPG、2hPG及HbA1c两组均有改善(P0.05),治疗组改善优于对照组(P0.05)。[结论]理中化痰丸联合多潘立酮治疗糖尿病胃轻瘫方面效果显著,值得推广。     

联合检测血流变、血糖及糖化血红蛋白在2型糖尿病诊断中的意义

目的检测2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的血液流变学几项指标、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白水平及其相关性,探讨3项联合检测在T2DM的应用价值。方法对245例T2DM患者及84例健康体检者进行血液流变学检测,同时检测空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白,并进行相关关系检验。结果 245例T2DM患者血液流变学指标(全血黏度和血浆黏度)、空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白均较对照组有明显增高(P<0.05、P<0.01、P<0.05);血液流变学的低切和高切的改变与FPG和HbA1c呈良好正相关性(r=0.514、r=0.584和r=0.649、r=0.716)。结论联合检测T2DM患者的血液流变学、空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白指标有利于评估其血糖控制及疾病进展程度。