Fibrinogen Nový Jicín and Praha II: cases of hereditary Aalpha 16 Arg-->Cys and Aalpha 16 Arg-->His dysfibrinogenemia

INTRODUCTION: Various dysfibrinogenemias have been described worldwide. This paper describes two new cases of dysfibrinogenemia identified in the Czech Republic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The proposita of fibrinogen Novy Jicín, a 12-year-old girl, presented with hemorrhagic complications, low Clauss fibrinogen level (0.3 g/l) and prolonged both thrombin (70.8 s) and reptilase (>180 s) time. Her mother and sister both presented with normal coagulation tests, normal fibrinogen level and reported no history of bleeding. The carriers of the fibrinogen Praha II were a 31-year-old man and his 11-year-old daughter. They both presented with low fibrinogen Clauss level (0.88 g/l) and prolonged thrombin and reptilase time. To identify the genetic mutation responsible for these dysfibrinogens, genomic DNA extracted from the blood was analyzed. The presence of the mutant chains in the circulation was determined by MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy. Scanning electron micrographs of the patients' fibrin clots were obtained. RESULTS: The kinetics of fibrinopeptide release and fibrin polymerization were impaired for both fibrinogen Novy Jicín and Praha II. DNA sequencing showed heterogeneous fibrinogen Aalpha R16C mutation in the fibrinogen Novy Jicín case and heterogeneous fibrinogen Aalpha R16H in the fibrinogen Praha II case. The mutant chains were found to be expressed to the circulation by MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy. Scanning electron micrographs of the patient's fibrin clot were found to be abnormal. CONCLUSIONS: The case of dysfibrinogenemia Aalpha R16C-fibrinogen Novy Jicín and the case of dysfibrinogenemia Aalpha R16H were found by routine coagulation testing and were genetically identified.     

Antihyperglycemic activity of Selaginella tamariscina (Beauv.) Spring

Aim of the study

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of the EtOH and H₂O extracts of Selaginella tamariscina (Beauv.) Spring on hyperglycemia in diabetic rats and HepG2 cells, and to confirm the active fractions of EtOH extract in HepG2 cells.

Materials and methods

HepG2 cells and type II diabetic rats induced by low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) and high-fat diet (HFD) were used to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of EtOH and H₂O extracts of Selaginella tamariscina. HepG2 cells were used to evaluate the promotive effect of different fractions of EtOH extract obtained from a polyamide column on glucose utilization.

Results

The results in HepG2 cells indicated that the EtOH extract had a better hypoglycemic effect than the H₂O extract. The results in diabetic rats indicated that both EtOH extract and H₂O extract were able to ameliorate the fasting blood glucose (FBG) level and improve oral glucose tolerance (OGTT). Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), free fatty acids (FFA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum were lowered. High density lipoprotein (HDL-c), insulin and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in serum were elevated as well as the hepatic glycogen content in diabetic rats. Compared with H₂O extract, the effects of EtOH extract were more marked. The 80% ethanol fraction exhibited a stronger hypoglycemic effect than the aqueous and 50% ethanol fractions, but the 95% ethanol fraction did not show any appreciable effects in HepG2 cells.

Conclusions

The results suggested that the EtOH extract had a better hypoglycemic effect than the H₂O extract; the 80% ethanol fraction from polyamide column had a strong hypoglycemic activity in HepG2 cells.     

2型糖尿病患者血清1,25-二羟基维生素D3的变化及意义

目的:比较2型糖尿病患者与正常人之间血清1,25-二羟基维生素D3[1,25(OH)2D3]水平的差异,分析维生素D与2型糖尿病的关系?方法:选择2型糖尿病患者110例为病例组,同期本院健康体检者105例为对照组?用ELISA法测定血清1,25(OH)2D3水平,同时进行问卷调查并检测相关临床及生化指标,统计分析?结果:血清1,25(OH)2D3在病例组和对照组中的差异明显(P < 0.01),血清1,25(OH)2D3与空腹血糖呈显著负相关(rs=-0.696,P < 0.01)?结论:血清1,25(OH)2D3在2型糖尿患者中明显低于正常人?空腹血糖越高,血清1,25(OH)2D3越低?     

Studies on the glycemic and lipidemic effect of Murraya koenigii in experimental animals

Diabetes is often accompanied by lipid abnormalities, which contribute significantly to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Previously, we have demonstrated potent hypoglycemic activity of lyophilized aqueous extract of Murraya koenigii leaves in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rabbits for short duration of 6 h. In this study, we examined the effect of 1 month oral administration of Murraya koenigii aqueous leaves extract in normal and STZ induced severe diabetic rats, at the dose of 300 mg/kg bw, on various biochemical parameters, viz., fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL), triglyceride (TG), alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), serum glutamate oxaloacetate and pyruvate transaminases (SGOT and SGPT) and serum creatinine. In case of diabetic animals fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels of treated animals reduced by 48.2% after 30 days treatment with the aqueous leaves extract. A fall of 19.2 and 30.8% in TC and 22.97 and 37.1% in TG levels were also observed in the case of treated normal as well as diabetic rats, respectively. Feeding the extract increased the HDL-cholesterol level by 16 and 29.4% in normal and diabetic rats, respectively, as compared with their initial values. In the normal rats after 1 month of oral administration of the extract SGOT and SGPT levels were decreased by 21.7 and 25.0%. Serum alkaline phosphatase values of the treated normal animals were also reduced by 33% while negligible change was observed in the normal control animals. In the case of diabetic rats, SGOT and SGPT levels were reduced by 36.7 and 32.2%, respectively, whereas ALKP levels decreased by 39.7% after 1 month oral administration of the extract. The serum creatinine levels decrease in normal as well as in the diabetic animals by 17.75 and 18.2%, respectively, as compared to initial values. In the diabetic control animals the urinary sugar remains at +4 level but there was a decrease of 75% in urine sugar in the case of treated diabetic rats. This indicates that the aqueous extract of Murraya koenigii has favorable effect in bringing down the severity of diabetes.     

谷氨酰胺对2型糖尿病大鼠血糖和胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的 观察L-谷氨酰胺对2型糖尿病大鼠血糖变化和胰岛素抵抗的影响并探讨可能机制.方法 SD雄性大鼠47只,按随机数字表法分为4组:空白对照组(C组)10只、谷氨酰胺(glutamine,Gln)组(Gln组)10只、2型糖尿病组(DM组)12只、2型糖尿病+谷氨酰胺组(DM+Gln组)15只.实验动物分组饲养,2型糖尿...     

黄连解毒汤对2型糖尿病大鼠血糖、腹主动脉血管内皮形态及缺氧诱导因子-1α的影响

目的观察黄连解毒汤对2型糖尿病大鼠空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)及腹主动脉血管内皮形态、缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)表达的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法采用小剂量链脲佐菌素腹腔注射联合高糖高脂饲料喂养Wistar大鼠,建立2型糖尿病模型。随机将大鼠分为空白组、模型组、对照组和治疗组。空白组、模型组灌服生理盐水,对照组灌胃二甲双胍,治疗组灌胃黄连解毒汤。6周后检测FBG、FINS,采用免疫组织化学法测定腹主动脉HIF-1α表达,HE染色法观察腹主动脉血管内皮形态变化。结果与模型组、对照组比较,治疗组腹主动脉HIF-1α表达、FBG均明显降低(P0.01),FINS明显升高(P0.01),腹主动脉血管内皮细胞的损伤得到明显改善。结论黄连解毒汤对损伤的血管内皮细胞有保护作用,其机制可能是通过抑制HIF-1α表达实现的。     

Butanol fraction of Khaya senegalensis root modulates β-cell function and ameliorates diabetes-related biochemical parameters in a type 2 diabetes rat model

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Khaya senegalensis A. Juss (Meliaceae) is commonly exploited for the traditional treatment of diabetes mellitus in Nigeria and Togo. The present study was conducted to examine the anti-diabetic activity of Khaya senegalensis butanol fraction (KSBF) of root ethanolic extract in a type 2 diabetes (T2D) model of rats.

Materials and methods

T2D was induced in rats by feeding a 10% fructose solution ad libitum for two weeks followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg body weight) and the animals were treated with 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight (BW) of the fraction for five days in a week. Relevant diabetes-related parameters were analyzed in all experimental animals.

Results

The KSBF treatment, at 300 mg/kg BW, significantly (p<0.05) reduced blood glucose level, improved oral glucose tolerance ability and β-cell function (HOMA-β), decreased insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), stimulated hepatic glycogen synthesis, ameliorated serum lipids alterations and prevented hepatic and renal damages compared to untreated diabetic rats. Additionally, the fraction insignificantly (p>0.05) improved weight gain, decreased food and fluid intake, stimulated insulin secretion and lowered serum fructosamine concentrations compared to untreated diabetic rats.

Conclusions

Data from this study suggests that orally administered KSBF, at 300 mg/kg BW, possess remarkable anti-type 2 diabetic activity and could ameliorate some diabetes-associated complications and hence can be considered as a source of potential anti-type 2 diabetic medicine.     

糖化血红蛋白与糖尿病周围神经病变的相关性

目的探讨糖化血红蛋白与糖尿病周围神经病变程度的相关性。方法将100例糖尿病周围神经病变患者设为观察组,100名健康志愿者设为对照组,检测两组空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、糖化血红蛋白,对检测结果进行对比分析。结果观察组糖化血红蛋白≥10．00％者占51．00％,显著高于对照组（Х^2=68．46,P〈0．01）;不同病变程度患者空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、糖化血红蛋白水平均显著高于对照组（P〈0．05或0．01）,患者随着病情的加重,空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、糖化血红蛋白水平均逐渐升高（P〈0．01）。结论糖化血红蛋白水平与糖尿病周围神经病变程度具有一定的相关性,糖尿病周围神经病变程度越重,其糖化吼红蛋白水平越高。     

饮用天然重碳酸钠泉水对糖尿病人血糖的影响

目的在不改变用药量的情况下,观察重碳酸钠泉水对糖尿病人的辅助降糖效果。方法48例11型糖尿病忠者随机分为观察组34例和对照组14例。观察组饮用重碳酸钠泉水,对照组饮用普通水。结果饮水后观察组空腹及餐后血糖下降比例分别为23．53％,50％;空腹及餐后血糖下降值≥1．0mmol／L的比例分别为41．17％,50．01％。结论饮用重碳酸钠泉水对Ⅱ型糖尿病患者降糖具有一定辅助作用。