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71.
韦昌群  穆峰  廖春英 《现代医院》2012,12(2):99-100
目的前瞻性对造成住院肿瘤患者跌倒的常见设施配备缺陷进行改进,以降低跌倒发生率。方法统计分析病房设施缺陷致肿瘤住院患者跌倒的原因,提出科学的住院环境与基础设施改进方法。结果所有跌倒病例均与病房环境、设施缺陷有关联性。结论安全文化、综合治理,改进肿瘤病房存在的设施缺陷,能够有效减少肿瘤住院患者跌倒的几率。  相似文献   
72.
利用卫生统计年鉴数据,通过比较分析我国卫生技术的现状,找出我国卫生技术评估存在的问题。建立权威性的卫生技术评估机构,发挥药物经济性评估在卫生技术中的意义,从而合理配置卫生技术资源,解决当前问题,有利于更好的开展卫生技术的改革与发展。  相似文献   
73.
以某大型综合性医院专家门诊为例,指出专家门诊存在号源稀缺,计划外停诊,出诊科室与门诊部沟通不畅,患者认识误区等问题。提出了以下建议:落实专家团队接诊,完善同资历专家替诊制度,取消点名挂号方式,优化专家诊室管理,改进专家请假流程,加强对患者的引导等。  相似文献   
74.
BACKGROUND: We examined personality traits (Sociability, Impulsivity, Neuroticism) as mediators of the effects of family history on alcohol outcomes. METHODS: A sample of 485 men reported on family history of alcohol problems in 1973, completed the Eysenck Personality Inventory in 1976, and responded to a survey on alcohol use in 1982. RESULTS: Using structural equation modeling, family history was found to have direct effects on number of drinks per day and on the number of alcohol problems, as well as indirect effects mediated through Neuroticism. There were no effects of Sociability or Impulsivity on either alcohol outcome. CONCLUSIONS: In this sample of older men, family history had both direct and indirect effects, and personality traits found to affect alcohol outcomes were different from those that have been found in younger men.  相似文献   
75.
从患者、临床医师、病案管理人员三个方面分析病案复印中的常见问题,主要有患者证件携带不齐全、患者信息不全或错误、病案归档不及时或病案资料不完整、病案管理人员的工作压力增大.从而提出通过建立院内宣传系统、提高病案质量、提高病案管理人员自身素质等办法,快捷、方便、高效地为患者提供病案复印.  相似文献   
76.
目的 分析医疗谈话记录存在的问题,探讨管理策略。方法 对5 个科室2013 年8 月-2013 年11 月的203 份谈话记录存在的问题进行分类统计。结果 谈话记录存在问题共39 份,问题发生率19.2%(39/203),其中存在一项问题29 份,发生率14.3%(29/203),存在两项及两项以上问题10 份,发生率4.9%(10/203)。所有谈话记录中共存在问题54 项,平均每份1.4 项(54/39),69.2%(27/39)有沟通无完整的记录。结论 医务工作者充分履行告知义务,认真做好医疗谈话并形成文字记录,提高病历记录质量,减少医疗纠纷。  相似文献   
77.
目的:探讨和分析目前医院在实施药学监护、药学服务中存在的问题,提出相应的对策。方法:选取一家二级甲等医院,总结其临床药学服务、药学监护等相关情况。主要应用演绎及归纳的方法分析开展药学监护与药学服务的困难及其出现的问题。同时提出相应解决对策以提升该院的药学服务质量及监护水平。结果:药学服务开展过程中出现的问题有:药师的团队意识及专业技能低,培训不够系统化,临床药师人才不足;药学服务的工作分配粗糙;药物检测等基础研究条件差,研究水平低;未充分运用信息化与自动化;医院药物制剂技术及条件不足,药学服务未得到普及。针对以上问题的解决措施有:药师的工作应当引起医院的关注,增强其业务技能,改善工作环境;强化医院的基础硬件条件,充分借助现代信息与医疗科技手段;增加临床药师的实验室研究水准;医学制剂学应得到重视。结论:只有大型医院才有条件实施药学服务项目。需要有关权威部门制定相关法律条例,明文规定实施药学服务的详细内容、步骤及执行规范。  相似文献   
78.
This study investigated natural recoveries (self-change) from alcohol problems, and overcame several methodological problems that affected the few previous studies of this phenomenon. Three groups of individuals who had resolved an alcohol problem without treatment were interviewed about their drinking history, life events that occurred during the year prior to their resolution, and factors that helped maintain their resolution. As a control for prevalence of life events, a control group of nonresolved, nontreated alcohol abusers were interviewed about events in a randomly selected year. Collaterals were interviewed for all subjects. No life event or constellation of events was differentially associated with the resolutions across the three resolved groups or differentiated the resolved and nonresolved groups. Interviews with resolved subjects were qualitatively analyzed—the majority (57%) of recoveries were characterized as Involving a “cognitive evaluation” or appraisal of the pros and cons of drinking. Spousal support was reported by the greatest number of resolved subjects as having helped them maintain their resolution. Findings from this study may provide direction for developing new treatment strategies and for accelerating self-change among problem drinkers in the community. The study also demonstrates the importance of using a control group, without which very different conclusions might have been drawn.  相似文献   
79.
A number of brief screening instruments to identify alcohol dependence exist, but the validity of these instruments across ethnic groups or regions of the country is not well established. The sensitivity and specificity of a number of standard screening instruments (CAGE, brief MAST, AUDIT, TWEAK, and RAPS), as well as other measures (History of Trauma Scale, breathalyzer reading, self-reported drinking before the event, and consuming five or more drinks at a sitting at least monthly) are compared against ICD-10 and DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence between probability samples of Black and White emergency room patients in Santa Clara County, CA (n= 716) and in Jackson, MS (n= 1330). Variability in the sensitivity of screening instruments among current drinkers was found to be greater between samples for both Blacks and Whites, than for Blacks compared with Whites within the same sample. The AUDIT, TWEAK, and RAPS seemed to perform well by gender and injury status for both Blacks and Whites in the two samples, and no significant differences were found in the performance of these instruments across sample sites. To evaluate the influence of regional differences in alcohol dependence on differences found in the performance of screening instruments, using logistic regression with the simultaneous entry of demographic variables (age, gender, ethnicity, injury status, and site) and drinking variables (breathalyzer reading, serf-reported drinking before the event, and drinking five or more drinks at a sitting at least monthly) to predict alcohol dependence in a merged sample of these patients (Jackson vs. Santa Clara) site was not found to be significant Data suggest that, whereas region of the country may not be important in predicting alcohol dependence in emergency room populations, regional differences in the performance of screening instruments for alcohol dependence may exist, even when ethnicity is taken into account Given distinct regional differences in drinking patterns and problems in the U.S., further research on commonly used screening instruments is needed to determine those screeners most efficient for identifying problem drinking.  相似文献   
80.
Despite the widespread influence of the alcohol dependence syndrome concept on the major nosological classification systems, little work has been done to test the validity of the alcohol dependence syndrome in community samples. In addition, numerous questions have been asked about the validity of current definitions of alcohol abuse. We examined the cross-sectional validity of DSM-IV alcohol dependence and abuse in 936 household residents randomly selected and screened for elevated drinking. We investigated validity by testing the association of a set of seven "criterion" variables, external to the alcohol diagnostic criteria, with dependence and abuse diagnoses. Results indicated that dependence diagnoses were significantly associated with all criterion variables when compared to those with no diagnosis, even though all subjects had elevated drinking and the cases of alcohol dependence were mild. In contrast, abuse diagnoses did not show a pattern of association with the criterion variables when compared to no diagnosis. When associations were tested comparing dependence cases to those with abuse only, results were mixed. This study is one in a series of investigations in this sample of household residents screened for elevated drinking levels.  相似文献   
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