我国卫生技术现存问题分析

利用卫生统计年鉴数据,通过比较分析我国卫生技术的现状,找出我国卫生技术评估存在的问题。建立权威性的卫生技术评估机构,发挥药物经济性评估在卫生技术中的意义,从而合理配置卫生技术资源,解决当前问题,有利于更好的开展卫生技术的改革与发展。     

我院中药注射剂临床应用分析

目的：促进中药注射剂的合理应用,降低不良反应。方法：通过抽查我院2006年～2008年的归档病历,并结合我院药品动态监控数据,分析中药注射剂的临床应用现状,存在问题,探讨解决对策。结果：中药注射剂覆盖临床各科,使用情况呈逐年上升,但也存不合理应用的情况。结论：中药注射剂临床使用广泛,但需在中医理论指导下,辨证论治,合理使用。     

医疗机构传染病疫情报告存在的问题及对策

[目的]提高传染病报告质量减少疫情漏报,以防止传染病的医源性感染和医院感染。[方法]对2004年以来传染病疫情报告工作进行回顾性调查分析。[结果]多种因素导致传染病疫情漏报、迟报现象时有发生,这对于预防和控制传染病医院内感染是十分不利的,整改后漏迟报率由3.9%降至1.1%。[结论]领导重视、常规及强化培训、科学规范的工作方法等一系列措施是降低传染病漏报、迟报的有利措施和关键。     

针灸治疗慢性胃炎临床方法对比分析

本文就近 1 0年来针灸治疗慢性胃炎概况进行了综合分析与归纳 ,并对针灸治疗本病的疗效与安全性评价、针灸治疗规律及针灸临床研究重点进行了分析 ,以期为临床更好地治疗慢性胃炎提供参考资料。     

技术创新不足制约药品生产企业发展

目的：探讨制约药品生产企业的瓶颈,并提出相关建议,以促进福建省药品生产企业做大做强,提高地产药品竞争力,提升福建省医药工业经济发展水平.方法：通过实地调查法、问卷调查法、数据收集法等收集影响福建药品生产企业发展的数据资料.结果：制约药品生产企业发展的瓶颈是药品技术创新.结论：政府要营造良好的药品技术创新环境,同时企业要加大技术创新力度.     

达克罗宁胶浆在手术患者留置导尿中的应用观察

目的探讨采用盐酸达克罗宁胶浆作为润滑剂留置导尿管的效果。方法将846例全麻手术患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组423例。观察组在放置留置尿管时采用了盐酸达克罗宁胶浆作为润滑剂放置尿管,对照组采用医用硅油作为润滑剂放置尿管。观察两组全麻手术患者术后复苏过程中因留置导尿管致尿道疼痛等不适的效果比较。结果观察组与对照组在复苏过程中的合作程度及术后尿道疼痛两方面比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用盐酸达克罗宁胶浆作为润滑剂放置尿管对减轻全麻手术患者术后复苏过程中的合作程度及术后尿道疼痛不适感效果明显。     

Gray matter morphology and the level of functioning in one-year follow-up of first-episode schizophrenia patients

Schizophrenia is a condition with a highly variable course that is hard to predict. The aim of the present study was to investigate if local gray matter volume (GMV) can differentiate poor (PF) and good (GF) functioning patients using voxel-wise analysis in a group of first-episode schizophrenia subjects (FES).     

Individuals with Smith-Magenis syndrome display profound neurodevelopmental behavioral deficiencies and exhibit food-related behaviors equivalent to Prader-Willi syndrome

Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with intellectual disability, sleep disturbances, early onset obesity and vast behavioral deficits. We used the Behavior Problems Inventory-01 to categorize the frequency and severity of behavioral abnormalities in a SMS cohort relative to individuals with intellectual disability of heterogeneous etiology. Self-injurious, stereotyped, and aggressive/destructive behavioral scores indicated that both frequency and severity were significantly higher among individuals with SMS relative to those with intellectual disability. Next, we categorized food behaviors in our SMS cohort across age using the Food Related Problems Questionnaire (FRPQ) and found that problems began to occur in SMS children as early as 5–11 years old, but children 12–18 years old and adults manifested the most severe problems. Furthermore, we evaluated the similarities of SMS adult food-related behaviors to those with intellectual disability and found that SMS adults had more severe behavioral problems. Many neurodevelopmental disorders exhibit syndromic obesity including SMS. Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is the most frequent neurodevelopmental disorder with syndromic obesity and has a well-established management and treatment plan. Using the FRPQ we found that SMS adults had similar scores relative to PWS adults. Both syndromes manifest weight gain early in development, and the FRPQ scores highlight specific areas in which behavioral similarities exist, including preoccupation with food, impaired satiety, and negative behavioral responses. SMS food-related behavior treatment paradigms are not as refined as PWS, suggesting that current PWS treatments for prevention of obesity may be beneficial for individuals with SMS.     

Are Relations Between Parental History of Alcohol Problems and Changes in Drinking Moderated by Positive Expectancies?

BACKGROUND: Risk factors of alcohol abuse generally have been examined for their additive or direct effects on the development of alcohol-related problems. This study was designed to assess the interaction between two important predictors: parental history of alcohol problems and positive expectancies regarding alcohol consumption. METHODS: The positive expectancies, reported parental alcohol problems, and alcohol use and problems of 169 first-year college students were assessed at their entrance to college, and their alcohol use and problems were assessed again approximately 3 months later. The main effects of positive family history and expectancies as well as their interaction in predicting changes in alcohol use and problems were examined in hierarchical regression analyses. RESULTS: A parental history of alcohol-related problems was related to greater alcohol problems at the two assessment times, and positive expectancies for the effects of alcohol were related to both alcohol problems and alcohol use. The parental history x positive expectancies term significantly added to the prediction of changes in alcohol problems (8% incremental increase in explained variance) even after baseline problems were entered in a prior step in the equation. Follow-up exploration revealed that the interaction was accounted for by high levels of alcohol problems at time 2 being reported by those high in positive expectancies and reporting high parental alcohol problems. The parental history x positive expectancies interaction term also added slightly to the prediction of changes in alcohol use amounts but accounted for a modest 1% incremental variance. CONCLUSIONS: Reported parental history and positive alcohol expectancies interacted to predict increases in alcohol problems over the course of the first semester of college. These results suggest that risk factors for alcohol problems may conjointly interact to confer heightened risk. Such interactive models may further assist in identifying at risk young adults. Limitations such as the reliance on self-report measures and the predominantly female sample are discussed.     

痴呆患者进食问题评估与管理指南的系统评价

目的 对痴呆患者进食问题评估与管理相关指南进行质量评价和内容分析,为制订痴呆患者进食问题评估与管理规范提供依据。 方法 计算机检索国内外指南网、相关学会网站及数据库,搜集痴呆患者进食问题评估与管理相关指南,检索时限为建库至2018年12月19日。应用标准的质量评价工具对指南进行质量评价,汇总痴呆患者进食问题评估与管理的推荐意见。 结果 初检到450篇文献,最终纳入6篇指南、1篇专家共识、4篇最佳实践和2篇推荐实践。6篇指南均来自国外,使用临床指南研究与评估系统Ⅱ对其进行质量评价并计算各领域的平均得分,分别为范围和目的87.50%、参与人员61.58%、严谨性45.14%、清晰性78.70%、应用性35.07% 和独立性33.33%,总体质量均为B级;纳入的专家共识、最佳实践、推荐实践分别来自中国、美国和澳大利亚。进食问题评估与管理有关推荐意见涉及营养和进食问题评估、调整进餐环境、维持进食自主性、调整食物类型和提供方式、照护者支持、吞咽困难应对、营养补充剂、肠内营养8个方面。 结论 纳入的指南质量中等,在应用性、独立性和严谨性领域有待提高。关于进食评估与管理的推荐意见散在分布,缺乏针对具体进食问题的应对措施,部分推荐意见尚有争议。