Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of the leaf essential oil of Laurus nobilis Linn

The leaf essential oil of Laurus nobilis Linn. (Lauraceae) has been evaluated for antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in mice and rats. The essential oil exhibited: (1) a significant analgesic effect in tail-flick and formalin tests; (2) a dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect in the formalin-induced edema and (3) a moderate sedative effect at the anti-inflammatory doses. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect of the essential oil was comparable to reference analgesics and non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs: morphine and piroxicam. Present results make the essential oil worthy of further investigations.     

马栗树种子提取物制剂的研究进展

马栗树种子提取物(醇提物)为欧洲七叶树种子的提取物,为纯植物制剂,在临床应用中常用制剂有注射用七叶皂苷钠和迈之灵片,其主要成分是七叶皂苷(escin),具有理气宽中、和胃止痛、消肿、改善血液循环、增加静脉张力、抑制胃排空、清除活性氧和抗肿瘤等功效。主要用于术后水肿、肢体外伤所致的皮肤软组织肿胀、脑梗死、癌症等多种病症的治疗。从药理作用和临床应用等方面对马栗树种子提取物制剂的研究进展进行阐述。     

Beneficial effect of the leaves of Murraya koenigii (Linn.) Spreng (Rutaceae) on diabetes-induced renal damage in vivo

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Murraya koenigii (Linn.) Spreng (curry leaf) is widely used as a nephroprotective agent in kidney's infirmities among diabetics by the traditional practitioners in Malaysia. However, the latter role of curry leaf has been grossly under reported and is yet to receive proper scientific evaluation.

Aim of the study

The present study was designed to investigate the beneficial effect of the leaves of Murraya koenigii (Linn.) on diabetes-induced renal damage in vivo with regard to prove its efficacy by local traditional practitioners in the treatment of kidney frailties in diabetics.

Materials and methods

Aqueous (AQ) extract of the leaves of Murraya koenigii (Linn.) was administered to both normal and streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic male rats (Sprague-Dawley strain). Animals were divided into six groups (n = 6) and treated with variable dose levels of AQ extract (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight/day) for 30 days. At the end of 30 days, animals were sacrificed, blood was collected, processed and stored at −70 °C for the zestimation of serum urea and creatinine, changes in plasma antioxidant capacity by FRAP assay, and glutathione peroxidase levels, in the normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats. Histological changes of the kidneys of these animals were also evaluated by light microscopy to determine the beneficial effect of the leaves.

Results

Daily oral administration of variable dose levels of the AQ extract for 30 days, produced significant dose dependant decrease in serum urea and creatinine levels (p < 0.001), and marked increase in the levels of plasma antioxidant capacity (p < 0.01) in diabetic treated rats, compared to the control (non-diabetic) subjects. However, the normal treated rats showed minimal variation in these parameters in comparison to normal controls. Histological studies of the kidneys of these animals showed comparable tissue regeneration by the AQ extract.

Conclusion

The results of our study scientifically support the traditional belief for using the leaves of Murraya koenigii (Linn.) as adjuvant, in the treatment of pain disorders related to renal impairments among diabetics.     

醋制降低京大戟对人正常肝细胞LO2的毒性及机制研究

目的:比较京大戟醋制前后对人正常肝细胞LO2的毒性作用,并探讨其可能的作用机制.方法:体外培养LO2细胞,用不同浓度的京大戟生品和醋品对其进行处理,MTT法测定各样品对LO2细胞增殖的抑制作用;Hoeehst 33258荧光染色法观察细胞凋亡的形态学改变;AnnexinV/PI染色流式细胞术检测LO2细胞凋亡;PI染色流式细胞术分析其对细胞周期的影响;检测细胞培养液上清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活力,细胞裂解上清超氧化歧化酶(SOD)活力、丙二醛(MDA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量.结果:与阴性对照组比较,京大戟生品各浓度组均可抑制LO2细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡,引起细胞S期阻滞(P＜0.05);能显著升高细胞培养液上清ALT,AST,LDH活力(P＜0.05),显著降低细胞裂解上清SOD活性和GSH含量、增加MDA含量.醋制后,与京大戟生品组比较,可显著降低细胞凋亡率、降低细胞周期阻滞,显著降低细胞培养液上清ALT,AST,LDH活力(P＜0.05),显著升高细胞裂解上清SOD活性和GSH含量、显著降低MDA含量.结论:醋制可降低京大戟对LO2细胞的毒性,其机制可能是减轻氧化损伤,从而降低细胞周期阻滞,减少细胞凋亡.     

GC-MS对鸡蛋花挥发油成分研究

目的:用气相色谱-质谱法对鸡蛋花挥发性成分进行研究。方法:用挥发油测定器提取鸡蛋花挥发油,再用GC-MS法鉴定挥发油中的化学成分。结果:在鸡蛋花挥发油中共分离出49种成分,初步鉴定出43种成分。结论:鸡蛋花挥发油中主要成分为十六烷酸、十四烷酸和亚油酸等脂肪酸及反式苦橙醇、β-芳樟醇和反式香叶醇等萜类化合物。     

基于网络药理学和分子对接探究布渣叶改善消化不良的作用机制

目的 基于网络药理学和分子对接技术探讨布渣叶Microcos paniculata Linn.对消化不良的潜在物质基础和作用机制。方法 通过检索TCMSP数据库、文献和SwissTargetPredicted数据库收集成分和靶点信息,利用GeneCards和OMIM数据库获得疾病靶点,利用软件R 4.2.1中Venndigram包构建韦恩图,获得布渣叶和疾病的共同靶点;将得到的共同靶点通过软件R 4.2.1做基因本体(GO)和京都基因和基因组百科全书(KEGG)分析,通过STRING网站和Cytoscape 3.9.2做PPI分析得到核心靶点;利用Cytoscape 3.9.2构建“成分-靶点”网络图获得核心成分,将获得的核心成分和核心靶点利用Mastro进行分子对接。结果 筛出154个靶点,核心靶点主要有蛋白激酶B1(Akt1)、细胞肿瘤抗原(TP53)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGFA)、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、非受体酪氨酸激酶(SRC)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF),布渣叶改善消化不良可能通过正向调节酶活性、伤口愈合、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)级联调控等生物过程,与磷脂酰激醇3-激酶(PI3K)-Akt信号通路、脂质代谢与动脉粥样硬化通路、流体剪切应力和动脉粥样硬化有关。分子对接结果表明,核心靶点与相对应的核心成分有比较稳定的对接,其中紫云英苷与SRC有强烈的对接活性。结论 布渣叶中多种活性成分通过多途径、多靶点来调节胃肠动力、修复胃肠黏膜屏障、抑制肠道炎症反应以发挥药效,可为后续进一步作用机制和物质基础研究提供一定的参考。     

白麻叶和罗布麻叶的化学成分与抗炎活性比较研究

目的 比较研究白麻Apocynum pictum叶和罗布麻Apocynum venetum叶的化学成分及抗炎活性差异。方法 取白麻叶和罗布麻叶,20倍量60%乙醇溶液回流提取 2 次 ,每次 1.5 h ,合并提取液,浓缩、干燥,即得白麻叶提取物（APLE）、罗布麻叶提取物（AVLE）;以每毫升药液0.03 g药材的浓度过HPD300大孔树脂柱,水洗除杂后以60%乙醇溶液洗脱,收集洗脱液,浓缩、干燥,即得白麻叶精制物（APLP）、罗布麻叶精制物（AVLP）。利用UPLC/Q-TOF/MS鉴定白麻叶和罗布麻叶提取物及精制物的化学成分,进而以HPLC检测白麻苷、芦丁、异槲皮苷、金丝桃苷和紫云英苷的含量。在进行急性毒性实验确定最大耐受剂量的基础上,采用小鼠棉球肉芽肿模型考察4种样品对小鼠肉芽肿指数、抑制率和肾上腺指数的影响,并检测血清组胺、5-羟色胺和前列腺素E₂（PGE₂）水平。结果 以UPLC/Q-TOF/MS从4种样品中鉴定出化学成分97个,其中白麻叶和罗布麻叶的共有化学成分82个,主要是黄酮、黄酮糖苷和黄烷酮。HPLC检测结果显示,APLE、APLP中的白麻苷质量分数分别为 2.43%和 11.98%,罗布麻样品中未检出白麻苷,但 AVLP中芦丁、异槲皮苷、金丝桃苷和紫云英苷的质量分数分别是APLP的30.37、1.75、8.64、1.58倍。动物实验表明,与模型组比较,1.50、0.75 g·kg^-1的APLP可显著降低小鼠棉球肉芽肿指数（P＜0.05）,抑制率分别为 25.79%、21.75%;1.50 g·kg^-1剂量可显著降低血清组胺和 5-羟色胺水平（P＜0.05）,0.75 g·kg^-1剂量可显著降低 5-羟色胺水平（P＜0.01）;APLE、APLP 下调 PGE₂水平,差异不显著;AVLE、AVLP 显著升高PGE₂水平（P＜0.05）。结论 白麻叶和罗布麻叶的化学成分同中有异,相同方法制备的样品在抗炎活性上有较为明显的差别,其中APLP的抗炎活性最强,作用机制可能与调节血管活性胺的释放相关。     

京大戟和甘遂炮制前后大戟二烯醇的含量比较

目的:建立有毒中药京大戟与甘遂生品、醋制品中大戟二烯醇的含量测定方法,并比较两者炮制前后的含量变化。方法:采用高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为Hypersil ODS(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-水(98∶2),柱温为30℃,流速为1.0mL·min-1,检测波长为210nm。结果:大戟二烯醇进样量在0.42～6.23μg范围内与峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系(r=0.9998);京大戟和甘遂生品的平均加样回收率分别为99.28%和99.80%,RSD分别为1.69%和1.83%(n=9)。京大戟中大戟二烯醇的含量明显高于甘遂,且醋制不会对大戟二烯醇的含量造成显著影响。结论:本方法能准确测定京大戟和甘遂中大戟二烯醇的含量。     

苦瓜茎叶的化学成分研究

目的 研究苦瓜茎叶的化学成分,为进一步开发利用苦瓜茎叶提供依据。方法 采用反复硅胶柱色谱、反相ODS柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20等柱色谱进行分离纯化,通过波谱数据鉴定化合物结构。结果 分离得到1种倍半萜和2种葫芦烷三萜,分别鉴定为催吐萝芙叶醇（1）、kuguacin J（2）、3,23(R)-二羟基-7-乙氧基-19-醛基-5,24-二烯醇（3）。结论 化合物1为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物3为新化合物,命名为7-乙基苦瓜素Ⅰ。