危重症病人早期肠内营养耐受性分析

目的:研究早期EN支持对危重症病人营养状况和耐受性的影响.方法:将64例危重症病人随机分成标准EN(瑞素)组和采用高纤维素、高蛋白质EN(瑞先)治疗组,每组32例.观察病人EN支持第7和第14天后的营养状况、相关并发症和耐受性.结果:与治疗前比较,瑞先组治疗第7和第14天后,血清蛋白质水平、肌酐升高指数、氮平衡、淋巴细...     

呼吸科常见疾病肠内营养的选择

目的:探讨呼吸科常见疾病肠内营养(EN)支持治疗的合理选择方案. 方法:临床药师对我院呼吸科住院病人进行营养状况筛查,分析其EN的使用情况,并对目前几种常用EN制剂的特点进行分析. 结果:呼吸科EN使用率较低,建议不同呼吸科疾病应分别选择EN制剂. 结论:EN支持治疗是呼吸科病人治疗方案中的重要组成部分.     

均营素匀浆膳对 COPD 模型大鼠的营养改善作用

目的探讨均营素匀浆膳的应用对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）模型大鼠的营养改善作用。方法21只雄性sD大鼠随机分为3组：对照组（Comrol）,COPD阳性对照组（COPD-c）,COPD营养干预组（COPD-1）。以气管注射脂多糖联合被动吸烟4周建立大鼠COPD模型,再将两组COPD大鼠分别给予基础饲料和均营素喂养5周。每天计算进食量,每周称量体重。第9周末在小动物肺功能测定仪上检测各组大鼠肺功能,后处死动物,取血样。检测各组大鼠血清白蛋白和前清蛋白水平。结果9周末,COPD．C和COPD-I组体重均显著低于Comwl组（P〈0．05）,COPD．I组显著高于COPD．C组（P〈0．05）。COPD．C和COPD-I组4周和5周累计能量摄人均显著低于Comwl组（P〈O．05）,COPD—C和COPD-I组差异均无统计学意义（P〉O．05）。COPD-C和COPD-I组用力肺活量（FVC）、0．3s用力呼气容积（FEV0.3）和FEV0.3／FVC百分比均显著低于Control组（P〈0．05）,COPD-C和COPD-I组比较均差异无统计学意义。9周末,COPD—C和COPD．I组血清白蛋白和前清蛋白均显著低于Contwl组（P〈0．05）,COPD-I组均显著高于COPD-C组（P〈O．05）。结论均营素匀浆膳的应用对改善COPD模型大鼠的营养状态有一定作用。     

台州市椒江区孕妇营养健康教育效果分析

目的了解椒江区初次怀孕妇女的营养知识知晓率和相关食物的摄入频率及干预的方法和效果,评价健康教育在提高孕妇营养知识中的作用,为今后的健康教育工作提供技术依据。方法按照保健卡编号随机挑选20岁～30岁初次怀孕、孕周小于12周的100名孕妇作为研究对象,采用t检验和F检验评价健康教育的效果。结果干预前100名孕妇的问卷总平均得分为17.0分,干预后提高到18.3分,差异有统计学意义(t=3.846,P<0.01)。干预后孕妇营养知识和行为的得分均高于干预前(P<0.05),孕妇摄入牛奶、豆制品等与孕妇及胎儿健康密切相关的食物的频率显著提高,但态度的得分和干预前相比无显著差异。结论对孕妇开展营养知识健康教育干预可以提高她们的相关知识知晓率和摄入与孕妇及胎儿健康密切相关食物的频率。     

肺癌住院患者衰弱患病率及其影响因素

目的 调查肺癌住院患者衰弱患病率,并进一步分析其相关影响因素。方法 连续定点纳入2021年12月至2022年4月北京协和医院符合纳入及排除标准的肺癌住院患者,收集其一般人口学资料、病史资料、营养相关资料及实验室检查资料。采用Fried衰弱表型评估衰弱状况,采用营养风险筛查2002进行营养风险筛查,采用多频生物电阻抗法测定人体成分。采用Stata/SE 16.0软件进行数据分析。根据数据类型,组间比较分别采用χ²检验及方差分析。结果 共纳入肺癌患者109例,其中衰弱39例(35.8%),衰弱前期45例(41.3%),非衰弱25例(22.9%)。病理类型为小细胞肺癌、患有共病、有营养风险的患者其衰弱患病率显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(χ²=6.38,14.25,12.02;均P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,共病数、肌肉量、美国东部肿瘤协作组体力状况评分和血清白蛋白含量是衰弱和衰弱前期的独立影响因素(β=0.653、-0.980,1.169,-0.128;均P<0.05)。结论 肺癌住院患者普遍处于衰弱或衰弱前期。患...     

肠内营养支持对恶性肿瘤患者术后的影响及其临床价值

目的:探讨肠内营养支持对恶性肿瘤患者术后的影响及其临床价值。方法:42例伴有营养不良的各种恶性肿瘤患者,随机分为肠内营养支持组(EN)和对照组,EN组在手术后第1d开始经鼻胃管或空肠造瘘管输入肠内营养液,对照组常规补液。观察营养相关性指标、术后肠动力恢复、创口愈合及术后并发症等情况。结果:EN组营养相关性指标及胃肠动力恢复明显早于对照组(P<0.05);术后并发症的发生率明显低于对照组。结论:术后早期给予肠内营养支持治疗是可行的方法,且可以明显改善患者的营养状况,促进胃肠道功能恢复减少术后并发症的发生,是一种比较实用的治疗方法。     

2019年“农村义务教育学生营养改善计划”覆盖地区学生餐剩饭状况及影响因素分析

目的:分析我国“农村义务教育学生营养改善计划”覆盖地区中小学学生餐剩饭情况及影响因素。方法:2019年在“农村义务教育学生营养改善计划”覆盖地区699个县中,分片选取1~3个国家试点县,共选取50个重点监测县。按照不同供餐模式,随机各抽取2所小学和2所初中作为重点监测学校。从小学三年级到初中三年级,每个年级抽取1~2个...     

北京市出租车司机膳食结构与饮食行为调查

目的了解北京市出租车司机膳食结构与饮食行为,为改善出租车司机的营养健康状况提供科学依据。方法采用方便抽样的方法,在北京首都机场T3航站楼地下停车场候机排队的出租车中随机抽取1052人作为调查对象。采用问卷调查的方法收集司机的饮食行为、膳食结构等信息。结果 21.8%的出租车司机出车时3餐均在外就餐,郊区司机3餐进食时长低于城区司机。出租车司机不吃早餐、午餐、晚餐的比例分别是10.5%、4.4%和14.8%。出租车司机出车时午餐和晚餐的构成主要是"主食+荤菜+素菜",较少司机选择加入水果,尤其是午餐。干净卫生和能吃饱是司机们选择就餐环境时考虑的主要因素,仅有少部分司机在选择午餐(20.4%)或晚餐(27.4%)时会考虑营养因素。结论北京市出租车司机特别是郊区司机,目前仍存在饮食不规律、3餐分配及膳食结构不合理的现象。     

Participant attrition and perinatal outcomes in prenatal vitamin D-supplemented gestational diabetes mellitus patients in Asia: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUNDThe role of vitamin D supplementation in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients is unclear.AIMTo determine the burden and risk of post-randomization GDM patient attrition from vitamin D-supplemented arms of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The auxiliary aim was to compare the effects of nutritional supplements on their fasting blood glucose (FPG) levels and perinatal outcomes.METHODSRCTs were searched in the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases. Random-effect prevalence and pairwise meta-analysis were performed for the primary objective. The auxiliary aim was to compare the effects of nutritional supplements on their fasting blood glucose (FPG) levels and perinatal outcomes. Fixed-effect network meta-analyses were undertaken for the secondary goals. All analyses were performed using Stata software, and statistical significance was determined at P < 0.05.RESULTSThirteen RCTs from Iran and China were reviewed. The participant attrition burden in vitamin D recipients was 6% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03, 0.10], and its risk did not vary from non-recipients. Vitamin D and calcium co-supplementation reduced the cesarean section incidence in GDM patients [risk ratio (RR): 0.37; 95%CI: 0.18, 0.74]. The hyperbilirubinemia or hospitalization risk in their newborns decreased with vitamin D supplementation (RR: 0.47; 95%CI: 0.27, 0.83) and co-supplementation with calcium (RR: 0.35; 95%CI: 0.16, 0.77) or omega-3 fatty acids (RR: 0.25; 95%CI: 0.08, 0.77). Vitamin D and probiotics co-supplementation decreased newborn hyperbilirubinemia risk (RR: 0.28; 95%CI: 0.09, 0.91). FPG levels and macrosomia risk did not vary across interventions.CONCLUSIONIn RCTs, vitamin D supplementation or co-supplementation in GDM patients showed a low participant attrition burden and low risk of cesarean section, newborn hyperbilirubinemia, and newborn hospitalization.     

The impact of physical exercise on calcium balance in healthy subjects during prolonged hypokinesia

ObjectiveTo determine whether during hypokinesia (diminished movement) periodic physical exercise affects calcium (Ca²⁺) balance and Ca²⁺ loss.MethodsStudies were conducted on 30 physically healthy male volunteers during the preexperimental period of 30 days and the experimental period of 364 days. They were equally divided into three groups: active control subjects (ACS), hypokinetic subjects (HKS), and periodic training subjects (PTS). The ACS group ran an average distance of 9.3 ± 1.2 km/d; the HKS group walked an average distance of 1.3 ± 0.2 km/d; and PTS group walked and ran average distances of 1.3 ± 0.2 km/d and 9.2 ± 1.2 km/d for 5 and 2 days per week, respectively.ResultsSerum Ca²⁺ level, fecal and urine Ca²⁺ loss, and Ca²⁺ imbalance increased (P < 0.05) in the PTS and HKS groups compared with their preexperimental levels and the values in their respective ACS group. The serum Ca²⁺ concentration, urine and fecal Ca²⁺ loss, and Ca²⁺ imbalance increased more (P < 0.05) in the PTS group than in the HKS group.ConclusionDuring hypokinesia, Ca²⁺ imbalance is more evident with than without physical exercise and Ca²⁺ loss is exacerbated more with higher than lower Ca²⁺ imbalance.