经脐单孔腹腔镜下胆囊切除术的临床可行性研究

目的:探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床可行性。方法:回顾性分析包头医学院第一附属医院普通外科2012年8月—2013年10月期间85例胆囊结石、胆囊息肉行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者资料,其中41例行经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术(单孔组),44例行传统三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术(三孔组),比较两组的相关临床指标。结果:腹腔镜手术均获成功,无中转开腹;单孔组手术时间明显长于传统组的[(31.73±4.22)min vs.(15.43±1.81)min,P=0.000];两组术中出血量、术后住院时间、住院费用、切口感染率差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05);单孔组术后应用镇痛药物比例明显低于三孔组(7.32%vs.34.09%,P=0.003);两组术后均无胆瘘及其他严重并发症。结论:单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术与传统三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的治疗效果相同,但单孔腹腔镜手术在微创方面更具有优越性。     

^18F-FDG PET／CT在肝脏肿瘤介入治疗后的临床意义

目的：评价^18F-脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）PET／CT显像在肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）术后疗效的价值。方法：22例肝肿瘤患者（男19例,女3例,年龄31—65岁,平均52岁）TACE术后4周～1．5年行^18F-FDGPET／CT检查,22例均经病理或随访证实。结果：22例患者40个肝内病灶。①平扫CT：碘油全瘤均匀致密型沉积11个病灶,碘油不均匀型沉积29个病灶;②^18F-FDGP田显像：放射性分布缺损或稀疏8个病灶,放射性浓聚20个病灶,放射性分布与邻近正常肝实质相近12个病灶（2个病灶SUVratio〈0．6,10个病灶SUVratio〉0．6）;③^18F--FDGPET／CT显像：全瘤均匀致密碘油沉积并放射性分布缺损或稀疏8个病灶,全瘤均匀致密碘油沉积并瘤灶放射性分布与邻近肝实质相近3个病灶（2个病灶SU Vratio〈0．6,1个病灶SUVratio〉0．6）,碘油不均匀沉积并放射性浓聚20个病灶,碘油不均匀沉积并瘤灶放射性分布与邻近正常肝实质相近9个病灶,SUVratio〉0．6。放射性分布缺损或稀疏的8个病灶和SUVratio〈0．6的2个病灶,随访未见复发;其余30个病灶经随访证实复发或残留。^18F-FDGPET／CT显像发现全部肝外病灶。结论：^18F-FDGPET／CT显像可有效监测疗效,并指导进一步治疗。     

不可手术结直肠癌肝转移瘤二程放疗疗效和安全性分析

目的 分析不可手术结直肠癌肝转移瘤接受二程放疗的疗效和安全性。方法 回顾性收集2017—2023年于北京大学肿瘤医院接受二程放疗的28例不可手术结直肠癌肝转移患者的资料,分析二程放疗的可行性。结果 28例患者二程放疗后中位随访时间为20.2个月。二程放疗距首程放疗的中位时间为11.1个月。首程放疗和二程放疗的中位生物有效剂量(BED)分别为100和96 Gy,分别有25例(89.3%)和24例(85.7%)患者接受了体部立体定向放射治疗。首程放疗和二程放疗的正常肝脏平均受量的2 Gy分次的等效剂量(EQD2)分别为10.1和 7.9 Gy。二程放疗后的完全缓解率和部分缓解率分别为54.5%和18.2%,客观反应率为72.7%。二程放疗后基于患者的2年的累积局部失败率为17.0%,基于病灶的2年的累积局部失败率为15.1%,1年无进展生存(PFS)为27.4%,3年总生存(OS)为46.7%。二程放疗后患者的耐受性良好,大部分患者(75.0%)出现1~2级急性不良反应,只有1例(3.6%)患者出现3级急性不良反应。结论 对于不可手术结直肠癌肝转移患者,二程放疗安全有效。     

An assessment of the effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging of the shoulder: literature review

Objective. To analyse and compare all papers published to date (August 2000) that quantify the effectiveness, defined as the impact of clinician’s diagnosis or management plans, or patient outcome, of MRI of the shoulder. Design. A computerised search of Index Medicus with a broad search strategy relating to shoulder MRI was performed. Manual assessment of all papers listed was undertaken with classification of each paper depending on whether it addressed questions of (1) technical performance, (2) diagnostic performance or (3) outcome. Results. Four of 265 qualifying papers addressed aspects of effectiveness and these were reviewed. The impact on the clinician’s diagnosis varied widely between papers: the primary diagnosis was altered in 23% to 68% of cases, and the management plans were subsequently changed in 15% to 61% of cases. Only one paper addressed the impact on patient health. Conclusions. The effectiveness of MRI of the shoulder depends on the clinical skills of the referring clinician and prevalence of disease in the study population. This will have implications when the effectiveness of an imaging technique between different institutions is compared, and this in turn will influence any comparisons of cost-effectiveness. Received: 22 October 1999 Revision requested: 31 January 2000 Revision received: 21 August 2000 Accepted: 24 August 2000     

腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术安全性和有效性评估研究

目的介绍卫生技术评估中有关医疗技术安全性和有效性的评估方法，以提高医疗质量和管理水平。方法通过比较腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术与无张力疝修补术和传统疝修补术的相关指标，评估腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术的安全性和有效性。结果腹腔镜手术组的并发症和复发发生率低于传统手术组，腹腔镜手术病人恢复正常活动的时间短于传统手术病人和无张力手术病人（P〈0．001）。结论进行医疗技术的安全性和有效性评估，对科学严谨地运用医疗技术、提供安全有效的医疗服务，具有重要意义。     

Effectiveness of Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccination in the prevention of leprosy: a population-based case-control study in Yavatmal District, India

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effectiveness of Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccination in the prevention of leprosy. Study design. Population-based case-control study. METHODS: The study was carried out in Yavatmal District, Maharashtra, India. It included 364 cases of leprosy (diagnosed by the World Health Organization's criteria), born since 1962, that were detected during a leprosy survey conducted by the Government of Maharashtra in 2,175,514 people. Each case was pair-matched with one neighbourhood control for age, sex and socio-economic status. Exclusion criteria for controls included past or current history of tuberculosis or leprosy. BCG vaccination status was assessed by examination for the presence of a BCG scar, immunization records if available and information from subjects/parents of children. Subjects who were uncertain about BCG vaccination were not included. RESULTS: A significant protective association between BCG and leprosy was observed [odds ratio=0.46, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.34-0.61]. Overall vaccine effectiveness (VE) was 54% (95% CI 39-66). BCG effectiveness against multibacillary, paucibacillary and single skin lesion leprosy was 68% (95% CI 26-86), 57% (95% CI 29-74) and 48% (95% CI 22-65), respectively. Analysis of linear trend revealed a significant linear association between the protective effect of BCG and the type of leprosy. The BCG vaccine was more effective in those aged < or =20 years compared with those aged >20 years (VE 61%, 95% CI), among females compared with males (VE 60%, 95% CI), in lower socio-economic strata compared with upper and middle strata (VE 57%, 95% CI), and in subjects who had a BCG scar size < or =5 mm compared with those with a BCG scar size >5 mm (VE 61%, 95% CI). However, these differences were not statistically significant, as reflected by the overlapping 95% CIs. The overall prevented fraction was 35% (95% CI 22-46). CONCLUSION: The current study identified a beneficial role of BCG vaccination in the prevention of leprosy in the study population.     

Levetiracetam for people with mental retardation and refractory epilepsy

Levetiracetam (LEV) is a novel antiepileptic drug (AED) with efficacy against a wide range of seizures types. The aim of this observational study was to assess its effectiveness in patients with mental retardation and refractory epilepsy. Sixty-four patients were started on adjunctive LEV after a 3-month baseline. LEV was initially dosed at 250 mg daily and increased by 250 mg every 2 weeks thereafter according to clinical response. Caregivers rated the patient's sleep, appetite, alertness, and behavior as poor (1), reasonable (2), or good (3) at each clinic visit. Patients were reviewed until one of four endpoints was reached: seizure freedom for at least 6 months, > or = 50% reduction in seizure frequency (responder) over a 6-month period, <50% reduction in seizure frequency (marginal effect) over a 6-month period, or LEV withdrawal due to lack of efficacy, adverse effects, or both. Twenty-four (38%) patients became seizure-free, 10 of whom were controlled on LEV 250 mg twice daily. An additional 18 (28%) patients were classified as responders, and 8 (12%) reported only marginal benefit from adjunctive LEV. Fourteen (22%) patients discontinued LEV (6 worsening seizures, 1 lack of efficacy, 7 adverse effects). Caregivers rated combined sleep, appetite, alertness, and behavior scores as "improved" at the end of follow-up (P<0.001). LEV improved seizure control in the majority of patients with mental retardation and may also have enhanced their quality of life.