Comparing the effectiveness of different EGFR-TKIs in patients with EGFR mutant non–small-cell lung cancer: A retrospective cohort study in Taiwan

The study was to compare the effectiveness of different epidermal growth factor receptor—tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and received EGFR-TKIs as first-line therapy. This retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from real-world settings. Patients with stage IIIB and IV NSCLC and first received gefitinib, erlotinib, or afatinib between 2011 and 2015 were included. The date of the first claim for EGFR-TKIs was set as the index date. Study endpoints were all-cause death and treatment failure that was defined when patients added on or switched to chemotherapy or terminal care. A total of 5,940 patients, including 3,982 (67.0%) receiving gefitinib, 1,207 (20.3%) receiving erlotinib, and 751 (12.7%) receiving afatinib, were eligible for this study. The 1-year overall survival (OS) rates for gefitinib, erlotinib, and afatinib groups were 74% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 72–75%), 75% (95% CI: 73–77%), and 80% (95% CI: 77–83%), respectively. Compared to gefitinib, afatinib was associated with a lower risk of all-cause death (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.72–0.93) but not erlotinib (aHR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.86–1.05). Similar results were also found regarding the effectiveness of treatment. All the three EGFR-TKIs showed no differences for both outcomes among patients with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Score of 2. The real-world data exhibited afatinib was more likely to be used for younger patients in a better condition than other EGFR inhibitors, and observed prolonged OS and treatment effectiveness compared to gefitinib after performing a multivariate Cox regression analysis.     

外周血CEA、CA125、CYFRA211与EGFR-TKIs初治EGFR突变的肺腺癌疗效的相关性研究

目的:通过对外周血肿瘤标志物水平的检测，旨在预测晚期EGFR突变型肺腺癌患者使用表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（EGFR-TKIs）的疗效及远期生存。方法:回顾性分析2010年3月至2016年3月收住我院肿瘤科一线接受EGFR-TKIs治疗的EGFR突变型Ⅲb期、Ⅳ期肺腺癌47例患者的临床资料，分析外周血肿瘤标志物水平与EGFR-TKIs疗效及生存的关系。结果:总体客观有效率为42.55％，疾病控制率为70.21％。癌胚抗原（CEA）增高组与正常组EGFR-TKIs疗效分别为:ORR 50％ vs 31.57％（P=0.21），DCR 82.14％ vs 52.63％（P=0.03)。细胞角蛋白19片段（CYFRA211）以及糖类抗原（CA125）正常组与增高组EGFR-TKIs的疗效分别为:ORRCYFRA211 38.89% vs 44.83%（P=0.69），DCRCYFRA211 72.22% vs 68.97%（P=0.81），ORRCA125 45.45% vs 40.00%（P=0.71），DCRCA125 72.72% vs 68.00%（P=0.72)。CEA水平增高组较正常组总生存期明显延长（中位OS 33.51个月vs 22.88个月，P=0．04)。多因素分析显示，性别、年龄、吸烟、转移情况、临床分期、美国东部肿瘤协作组评分、CYFRA211、CA125与总生存无关（P>0.05），而与CEA水平有关（P=0.04)。结论:初治EGFR突变的肺腺癌患者外周血CEA水平可以预测一线接受EGFR-TKIs治疗的疗效，外周血CEA增高预示着总生存期延长。外周血CA125、CYFRA211水平不能预测EGFR-TKIs治疗的疗效。     

EGFR-TKIs治疗非小细胞肺癌进展

目前,肺癌依然是导致人类恶性肿瘤死亡的首位疾病。在过去10年中,EGFR-TKI药物的出现,显著改善了患者的生存,从而改变了肺癌的标准治疗模式。作为一线、二线或其他治疗,EGFR-TKI药物,包括吉非替尼和厄洛替尼,在特定人群中(腺癌、女性、非吸烟、亚裔患者)疗效显著。除上述两种药物,由浙江贝达药业有限公司研发的EGFR-TKIs埃克替尼也已经完成了其III期临床试验(ICOGEN),并取得可喜的结果。本文将对以上3种EGFR-TKI药物治疗非小细胞肺癌进展进行综述。     

Angiogenic activities are increased via upregulation of HIF-1α expression in gefitinib-resistant non-small cell lung carcinoma cells

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been used to treat patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and activating EGFR mutations; however, the emergence of secondary mutations in EGFR or the acquisition of resistance to EGFR-TKIs can develop and is involved in clinical failure. Since angiogenesis is associated with tumor progression and the blockade of antitumor drugs, inhibition of angiogenesis could be a rational strategy for developing anticancer drugs combined with EGFR-TKIs to treat patients with NSCLC. The signaling pathway mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is essential for tumor angiogenesis. The present study aimed to identify the dependence of gefitinib resistance on HIF-1α activity using angiogenesis assays, western blot analysis, colony formation assay, xenograft tumor mouse model and immunohistochemical analysis of tumor tissues. In the NSCLC cell lines, HIF-1α protein expression levels and hypoxia-induced angiogenic activities were found to be increased. In a xenograft mouse tumor model, tumor tissues derived from gefitinib-resistant PC9 cells showed increased protein expression of HIF-1α and angiogenesis within the tumors. Furthermore, inhibition of HIF-1α suppressed resistance to gefitinib, whereas overexpression of HIF-1α increased resistance to gefitinib. The results from the present study provides evidence that HIF-1α was associated with the acquisition of resistance to gefitinib and suggested that inhibiting HIF-1α alleviated gefitinib resistance in NSCLC cell lines.     

养肺消疹汤治疗EGFR-TKIs药物相关不良皮肤反应的临床观察

目的观察养肺消疹汤治疗表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（EGFR-TKIs）药物相关不良皮肤反应的疗效。方法将50例服用EGFR-TKIs后出现皮疹的非小细胞肺癌患者随机分为2组各25例,治疗组采用养肺消疹汤口服联合外洗进行治疗,对照组采用吡美莫司软膏外用的方法进行治疗,观察各组皮疹分级、中医证候、生活质量改善情况。结果治疗组在各个检测时点皮疹分级均有显著改善,且优于对照组;治疗30 d后治疗组、对照组皮疹治疗有效率分别为72%与44%;治疗前后治疗组与对照组中医证候改善率分别为92%与36%;治疗14,30 d后2组生活质量评分治疗组有显著优势。结论养肺消疹汤口服联合外洗对EGFRTKIs药物相关不良皮肤反应具有良好疗效。     

EGFR-TKIs在NSCLC中的耐药机制及治疗策略研究进展

表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）抑制剂是目前临床治疗非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的一线小分子靶向药物,随着EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（EGFR-TKI）的广泛使用,其耐药现象也日趋明显,已成为其治疗NSCLC的巨大挑战。本文总结了EGFR-TKIs在NSCLC中的主要耐药机制,并对相关逆转策略的研究进展进行综述。     

抑制Rab25基因表达的人NSCLC厄洛替尼耐药细胞PC9/ER的建立

目的 Rab25在非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)等多种肿瘤中过度表达,提示其可能在NSCLC的发生发展及耐药形成中发挥重要作用.为进一步探讨Rab25的功能及其在NSCLC酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors,EGFR-TKIs)耐药形成中的作用,建立稳定慢病毒介导的shRNA靶向干扰Rab25基因人非小细胞肺癌厄洛替尼耐药细胞PC9/ER稳定株.方法 实时定量PCR(real-time PCR,RT-PCR)检测PC9/ER及PC9细胞中Rab25基因mRNA的相对表达情况.筛选出Rab25基因的RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)有效靶序列,合成靶序列的Oligo DNA并构建GV248 shRNA-Rab25慢病毒载体,酶切和测序鉴定正确后,经病毒包装,感染PC9/ER细胞,经嘌呤霉素筛选稳定表达细胞株.RT-PCR鉴定PC9/ER的表达,CCK-8检测对厄洛替尼的敏感性.结果 PC9/ER细胞中Rab25基因的mRNA表达水平显著高于PC9细胞.构建的重组慢病毒质粒经测序鉴定正确.RT-PCR证实,干扰Rab25后,PC9/ER细胞株中Rab25表达水平明显降低,抑制率为88.3％.通过传代10次后,PC9ER-Rab25i稳定细胞株中Rab25基因的mRNA表达水平显著低于阴性对照组,P＜0.05.PC9ER-Rab25i稳定细胞株的IC50为(2.133±0.222) μmol/L,显著低于阴性对照组的(6.375±0.799) μmol/L,P=0.007.结论 成功构建了Rab25-shRNA慢病毒表达载体,建立了稳定抑制Rab25基因表达的人NSCLC厄洛替尼耐药细胞PC9/ER,初步验证Rab25基因能够改善肺癌EGFR-TKIs获得性耐药,为进一步研究Rab25在NSCLCEGFR-TKIs获得性耐药的机制及逆转其获得性耐药提供了可靠的细胞模型.     

Mechanisms of resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors gefitinib/erlotinib and to ALK inhibitor crizotinib

The discovery of several molecular alterations that underlie non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) pathogenesis has led to the development of targeted therapies. In particular, gefitinib and erlotinib have become the standard of care in patients harboring epidermal growth factor receptor mutations, while crizotinib showed an impressive efficacy in patients with ALK-positive NSCLC. Nevertheless, the occurrence of clinical resistance limits the long term results of these novel agents. The identification of the molecular mechanisms responsible for acquired resistance to targeted therapy is crucial in order to pursue the creation of rational strategies to overcome resistance. In the current review, we will focus on the acquired resistance mechanisms to EGFR-TKIs and crizotinib and the therapeutic strategies currently under study to overcome resistance.     

肺腺癌患者血清CEA水平与EGFR-TKIs疗效相关性分析

目的 血清癌胚抗原(carcinoembrynic antigen,CEA)水平可以作为表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(epidermal growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitor,EGFR-TKI)疗效的预测指标,并且与表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)基因突变有关.本研究旨在探讨非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)患者血清CEA水平与EGFR-TKI治疗疗效的关系,以评估血清CEA对EGFR-TKIs治疗EGFR基因突变的肺腺癌患者预后预测价值.方法 选取山东省肿瘤医院2012-06-01-2014-09-30经手术病理确诊的69例肺腺癌患者为研究对象,通过实时定量PCR检测EGFR突变.在行EGFR-TKI治疗周期前进行血清CEA水平测定.每2个月行CT检查,以评估治疗疗效.结果 血清CEA水平＜5 ng/mL的患者有效率(PR+CR)为18.9％(5/24),疾病控制率(PR+CR+SD)为38.7％(9/24);血清CEA水平≥5 ng/mL的患者有效率为31.6％(14/45),疾病控制率为80.2％(36/45).治疗前血清CEA水平高的患者服用EGFR-TKIs药物后较血清CEA水平低的患者疗效好,差异有统计学意义,P=0.002.进一步分析两组患者的一般临床特征发现,性别、临床分期、吸烟史、年龄、PS评分均差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05.结论 高水平血清CEA(CEA水平≥25 ng/mL)肺腺癌患者的预后预测因素.     

Ⅰ~Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌根治术后不同干预方案疗效观察

目的：回顾性比较分析表皮生长因子受体-酪氨酸激酶抑制剂( EGFR-TKIs)、化疗和随访观察等不同干预方案对Ⅰ~Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌( NSCLC)患者肺癌根治术后1年无瘤生存的影响。了解表皮生长因子受体( EGFR)突变阳性NSCLC患者术后靶向药物治疗的临床价值。方法入组Ⅰ~Ⅲ期行肺癌根治术并且EGFR突变结果明确的NSCLC患者48例,根据突变情况及术后治疗情况分为4组( EGFR突变阳性化疗组、 EGFR突变阴性化疗组、 EGFR突变阳性靶向组、术后随访观察组),以了解不同突变情况及术后不同干预方案下患者1年无瘤生存率的差异。结果肿瘤分期不同是影响1年无瘤生存率的因素, EGFR突变阳性化疗组与突变阳性靶向组1年无瘤生存率为78.6%(11/14) VS 75%(6/8), P=0.620。突变阳性化疗组与突变阴性化疗组1年无瘤生存率为78.6%(11/14) VS 50%(10/20), P=0.153。Ⅲ期患者中, EGFR突变阳性化疗者与EGFR突变阴性化疗者1年无瘤生存率为100%(5/5) VS 18.2%(2/11), P=0.005。对Ⅰ期患者,治疗组与随访观察组1年无瘤生存率为77.8%(7/9) VS 100%(5/5), P=0.505。对Ⅰ期患者,术后随访观察与化疗及靶向治疗比较,1年无瘤生存率无统计学差异。结论对Ⅰ~Ⅲ期接受肺癌根治术后的NSCLC术后患者,分期是影响1年无瘤生存率的因素。对EGFR突变阳性患者,术后化疗与靶向治疗未见1年无瘤生存率差异。对Ⅲ期NSCLC术后患者, EGFR突变阳性患者化疗较突变阴性患者化疗可能有更好的1年无瘤生存率。