缺氧对人视网膜色素上皮细胞蛋白质表达的影响

目的 为揭示缺氧对视网膜色素上皮(RPE)细胞的影响及与脉络膜新生血管(CNV)生成的关系提供实验依据.方法 实验研究.分别从对数生长期的正常及缺氧状态人RPE细胞中提取蛋白样本后行等电聚焦电泳(IEF),随后采用十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)进行第二次分离.采用考马斯亮蓝染色法对凝胶进行显色固定,Image Master 2D Elite软件行分析配比,筛选出正常和缺氧RPE细胞表达明显差异的蛋白质斑点,随机选取差异斑点进行质谱分析,数据经蛋白质组数据库检索得出蒡异表达蛋白.结果 正常组分离蛋白斑点578个,组内匹配率92.90%;缺氧组559个,匹配率91.41%;两组间蛋白斑点匹配率为85.47%.发现volume值改变超过2倍的点共92个,其中32个点表达卜调,60个点表达下调.选择7个蛋白斑点行质谱分析,成功鉴定5种差异表达蛋白质(3个斑点为相同的蛋白):表达上调为热休克蛋白70、热休克蛋白60;表达下调的为β肌动蛋白、β微管蛋白以及过氧化还原蛋白3.结论 缺氧状态下RPE细胞表达差异蛋白可引起细胞应激能力明显增强,而主要细胞骨架蛋白下调,细胞维持形态、保持内部结构有序性的能力下降;本研究首次发现人RPE细胞在缺氧状态下热休克蛋白60表达上调,此蛋白的进一步研究可能能够发现新的CNV致病途径;蛋白质组学方法为CNV相关疾病的研究提供了-个很好的参考平台.     

正交实验设计优化石墨炉原子吸收法测定尿锰实验条件的探讨

目的选择石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定尿中锰的最佳实验条件,建立尿中锰的测定方法。方法应用L16（4^4）正交表安排石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定尿锰时的灰化温度、灰化时间、原子化温度和原子化时间并进行实验,优化各项仪器操作参数,考察灰化温度、原子化温度及各项分析性能指标,包括准确度、精密度、检出限、特征质量,建立测定尿中锰的方法。结果石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定尿锰的最佳条件：是灰化温度和原子化温度分别为1300和2400℃,灰化时间和原子化时间分别为8和12S。分别测定高中低加标样的相对标准偏差RSD值（n=6）在2．12％～5．98％之间,样品加标回收率在96．7％-99．6％之间,检出限为0．17斗g／L,特征质量为1．78pg。结论利用正交实验设计优化实验条件可以提高工作质量和效率,所建立的分析方法准确、灵敏、简便,完全符合尿中锰的测定要求。     

2014年参加全国γ能谱分析质量控制比对结果

目的 总结2014年放射性核素γ能谱分析质量控制比对,验证放射性核素分析方法的可靠性。方法 采用国家标准,利用γ能谱仪分析土壤比对样品中²⁰⁸Tl、¹³⁷Cs、²²⁸Ac和⁴⁰K放射性核素的含量。结果 我所实验室比对样品的测量值相对校准值偏差均< 10%,各核素比对结果无论是准确度还是精确度均满足比对要求,判定结果为"合格"。结论 比对结果证明,我所γ能谱测量系统的质量保证体系和质量控制技术是完善和有效的,放射性核素的测量分析方法、数据的处理方法也是可靠的。     

中医色诊研究及光子学技术在色诊中的应用

简要地阐述了中医色及色诊的基本概念及其临床意义,以及目前中医色诊的主要研究方向及其进展,探讨了光子学技术在中医色诊中的应用及其主要研究内容,以期光子学技术促使色诊技术向微量化、自动化和快速化的方向发展,提供中医诊断的新手段、新方法和新仪器,为中医药学的现代化探求新的方向与前景.     

Behavioral deficits and cellular damage following developmental ethanol exposure in rats are attenuated by CP-101,606, an NMDAR antagonist with unique NR2B specificity

NMDAR-mediated excitotoxicity has been implicated in some of the impairments following fetal ethanol exposure. Previous studies suggest that both neuronal cell death and some of the behavioral deficits can be reduced by NMDAR antagonism during withdrawal, including antagonism of a subpopulation of receptors containing NR2B subunits. To further investigate NR2B involvement, we selected a compound, CP-101,606 (CP) which binds selectively to NR2B/2B stoichiometries, for both in vitro and in vivo analyses. For the in vitro study, hippocampal explants were exposed to ethanol for 10 days and then 24 h following removal of ethanol, cellular damage was quantified via propidium iodide fluorescence. In vitro ethanol withdrawal-associated neurotoxicity was prevented by CP (10 and 25 nM). In vivo ethanol exposure was administered on PNDs 1-7 with CP administered 21 h following cessation. Activity (PNDs 20-21), motor skills (PNDs 31-33), and maze navigation (PNDs 43-44) were all susceptible to ethanol insult; treatment with CP (15 mg/kg) rescued these deficits. Our findings show that CP-101,606, a drug that blocks the NR2B/2B receptor, can reduce some of the damaging effects of “3rd trimester” alcohol exposure in our rodent model. Further work is clearly warranted on the neuroprotective potential of this drug in the developing brain.     

Health Professionals Addressing Alcohol Use with Pregnant Women in Western Australia: Barriers and Strategies for Communication

Health professionals have an important role to play in preventing prenatal alcohol exposure. In 2006 qualitative data were collected from 53 health professionals working in primary care in metropolitan and regional Western Australia. Thematic analysis was used to elucidate barriers in addressing prenatal alcohol use and the strategies used to overcome them. Health professionals identified strategies for obtaining alcohol use information from pregnant women but they are not recognizing moderate alcohol intake in pregnant women. Study limitations are noted and the implications of the results are discussed. This research was funded by the Health Promotion Foundation of Western Australia.     

Evaluating a Psychoeducational,Therapeutic Group for Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

The current study aimed to review and evaluate a three-session psychoeducational and psychotherapeutic group programme for parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The group programme was facilitated through an ASD diagnostic and intervention service within a Northern Ireland Health and Social Care Trust over a 12-month period, throughout which time 83 parents attended a three-session course covering various aspects of ASD-specific material. Knowledge of ASD, understanding of behavioural management techniques and parental self-efficacy were measured through pre-course and post-course questionnaires, completed by the parents. Participants also completed a questionnaire regarding their experience following course attendance. The data were analysed using a mixed-methods approach. Results from pre-course and post-course analysis showed that parental understanding of the social deficits and the cognitive and behavioural difficulties associated with ASD significantly increased following course attendance. Course attendance also significantly increased parental understanding of the strategies used to support a child with ASD and parental self-efficacy. Client experience questionnaires were analysed using thematic analysis, with themes centring on the importance of peer and professional support, timeliness of intervention and relevance of information covered within the course. The parents' evaluation of the course was rated predominantly as a positive experience. The importance of parents receiving involvement through an intervention programme is explored and the results are discussed in relation to potential impact on service provision, identifying future need and areas for further research.     

Recognising Autism Spectrum Disorders in Primary Care: Perspectives of Speech and Language Therapists

Understanding the process of recognising autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in children is important, both for achieving timely identification of children's difficulties and for ensuring positive experiences for families. Professionals working in primary care services are suitably positioned to identify children requiring referral for diagnostic assessment of ASD through their early contact with children and their families. Speech and language therapists (SLTs) in particular are well situated to recognise ASD, as concerns regarding communication development are frequently raised by parents of children who later go on to receive an ASD diagnosis. This small-scale qualitative study aimed to explore primary care SLTs' experiences of recognising potential ASD in children. Five SLTs working in primary care services in the Republic of Ireland participated in semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis of the data revealed that participants were concerned with two key events: firstly, accurately recognising potential ASD in children; and secondly, discussing the possibility of ASD with parents. The SLTs' experiences of these events were found to be influenced by both individual and wider organisational factors. The findings are discussed in the context of the current literature on ASD identification and implications for practice are considered.     

The association among demographic factors,health behaviors and sleep quality in youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder

BackgroundA majority of youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have disrupted sleep patterns, but there has been limited research examining factors associated with sleep in this population. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare demographic and lifestyle behaviors with sleep quality in youth with ASD. Methods: A total of 49 children (12.44 years; 78% male) with ASD wore the Actigraph GT9X accelerometer over seven days and nights to assess moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary behavior (SB), total sleep duration, and sleep efficiency. Parents reported their child’s weekly amount of screen time and demographic information. Participants were classified according to whether they met sleep criteria for duration and efficiency (8–9 h of sleep duration and ≥85% sleep efficiency). T-tests and ANOVA were used to compare demographic and lifestyle factors between the groups. Results: Participants who meet both sleep duration and efficiency criteria had greater minutes of MVPA per day (113.65 min/day) than participants who only met sleep efficiency criteria (40.27 min/day) and participants who did not meet either sleep criteria (67.5 min/day; p < 0.0001). Additionally, participants who met both sleep criteria had fewer minutes of SB compared to those who only met sleep efficiency criteria (384.79 vs 526.05 min/day; p = 0.02). Conclusions: Youth who had indicators of good sleep quality had greater amounts of MVPA and lower amounts of SB. Studies should further examine the relationship between sleep and health behaviors in youth with ASD to determine causal mechanisms, leading to more effective sleep interventions.     

某区国家基本药物和地方增补品种应用情况的调查分析

目的:为我国基本药物目录的调整和国家基本药物制度的完善提供参考。方法:采用横断面调查法,调查2010年7月1日-2011年3月31日期间,深圳福田区属68家社康中心的基本药物应用情况,对《深圳市福田区社区卫生服务机构基本用药目录》(以下简称《福田区基本用药目录》)中601种药品的使用情况进行分析。结果:68家社康中心共采购使用了428个品种548个品规的基本药物,其中国家基本药物248种、广东省增补品种130种、福田区增补品种50种,占《福田区基本用药目录》所有品种的71.21%;中成药、内科用药、抗微生物药、心血管系统用药等使用金额排名靠前,免疫系统用药、麻醉药、解毒药等使用较少;使用金额排名前20位药品中,属国家基本药物品种的有9个、广东省增补品种7个、福田区增补品种4个。结论:国家基本药物中绝大多数药品都适用于基层医疗卫生机构,广东省基本药物增补品种中部分药品不适用于该区社康中心,该区自行增补药品可满足其社康中心临床用药需求。