Saline contrast echocardiography for the detection of anomalous origin of pulmonary artery from aorta

Saline contrast echocardiography is a well‐established modality for the diagnosis of right‐to‐left shunt lesions. In this brief report, we demonstrate, for the first time, its usefulness in the diagnosis of anomalous origin of right pulmonary artery from aorta.     

不同呼气末正压下神经调节辅助通气对AECOPD患者呼吸功的影响分析

目的探讨不同呼气末正压下神经调节辅助通气对AECOPD患者呼吸功的影响。方法选取2015年6月~2016年6月在我院治疗的80例AECOPD患者,将80例患者分为研究组和对照组,每组40例,对照组患者采用3 cmH2O的呼气末正压,研究组患者采用9.8 cmH2O的呼气末正压。治疗后,观察两组患者血常规、排痰量以及肺功能的差距。结果研究组治疗总有效率为95.0%,明显高于对照组的80.0%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗前,两组患者的FEV1%(第1秒用力呼气容积)、FEV1%/FVC(第1秒呼气容积同肺活量之间的比值)、6MWT(6 min步行试验)和FEV1未出现明显差异(P0.05),在治疗后,研究组的FEV1%、FEV1%/FVC、6MWT和FEV1水平明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论神经调节辅助通气对于AECOPD患者有明显的治疗效果,并且呼气末正压越高,对AECOPD患者的治疗效果越好,能够明显改善患者的肺部功能,值得进一步推广和应用。     

Embracing oligodendrocyte diversity in the context of perinatal injury

Emerging evidence is fueling a new appreciation of oligodendrocyte diversity that is overturning the tradi-tional view that oligodendrocytes are a homogenous cell population. Oligodendrocytes of distinct origins, maturational stages, and regional locations may differ in their functional capacity or susceptibility to injury. One of the most unique qualities of the oligodendrocyte is its ability to produce myelin. Myelin abnormali-ties have been ascribed to a remarkable array of perinatal brain injuries, with concomitant oligodendrocyte dysregulation. Within this review, we discuss new insights into the diversity of the oligodendrocyte lineage and highlight their relevance in paradigms of perinatal brain injury. Future therapeutic development will be informed by comprehensive knowledge of oligodendrocyte pathophysiology that considers the particular facets of heterogeneity that this lineage exhibits.     

不同类型妊娠期高血压疾病对高龄孕产妇妊娠结局的影响分析

目的:探讨不同类型妊娠期高血压疾病对高龄孕产妇妊娠结局影响的分析。方法:选择2012年2月至2014年8月在我院诊治的160例不同类型妊娠期高血压疾病(PIH)患者为观察组,其中PIH 95例,子痫前期45例,子痫期20例;年龄22~38岁,平均(26.8±3.5)岁;初产妇94例,经产妇66例;孕期23~38周,平均(30.4±3.8)周。同时选取同期在我院分娩的正常产妇102例,其中年龄21~36岁,平均(24.6±4.1)岁;初产妇72例,经产妇30例;孕期24~39周,平均(31.2±4.1)周。患者一般情况比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结果:观察组孕产妇在分娩方式、早产儿、新生儿窒息、胎儿窘迫、胎盘早剥、围生儿死亡以及产后出血等并发症的发生率明显高于对照组(P0.05);观察组内孕产妇在分娩方式、早产儿、新生儿窒息、胎儿窘迫、胎盘早剥、围生儿死亡以及产后出血等并发症的发生率在PIH、子痫前期、子痫期逐渐增高(P0.05)。结论:正确认识和看待不同类型PIH的进展及并发症的规律,对改善母婴的预后有着重要意义,值得临床进一步深入研究。     

Fever of unknown origin in a Mediterranean survey from a division of internal medicine: report of 91 cases during a 12-year-period (1991–2002)

Despite the availability of all advanced diagnostic tools, fever of unknown origin (FUO) remains a diagnostic challenge for physicians. The objective was to define, through a retrospective study, the categories of the diseases of Sicilian patients admitted at the Department of Clinical Medicine and Emerging Diseases, University of Palermo, Italy, for classical FUO. Using the registration system for patients admitted from 1991 to 2002, 508 charts of patients admitted because of fever were reviewed. Of these, only 91 patients fulfilled the criteria for classical FUO. The origin of FUO was diagnosed in 62 (68.1%) patients. Infection was the most common cause of FUO with 29 cases (31.8% of total of FUO), neoplasms accounted for 13 cases (14.2%), collagen vascular disease for 11 cases (12.0%), and miscellaneous for 9 cases (9.8%). Undiagnosed FUO were 29 (31.8%) and, of them, 22 cases were followed-up for 2 years. A definite diagnosis could be established only in 8 cases, 13 subjects completely recovered and 4 of them died. In the 73.4% of cases, the FUO have been the result of misleading factors in the diagnostic approaches as made by the physician. The results of our study are similar to those already reported by other authors in other populations, with infections as first, neoplasm as second, and collagen vascular diseases as third most important causes of FUO. In our study the prognosis for undiagnosed FUO cases was good, but a definite diagnosis could be established only in few cases. Therefore, further multicentric, prospective studies of good design are required.     

Pulmonary artery origin of the left coronary artery: diagnosis by transoesophageal echocardiography in infancy

In two infants the anomalous origin of the left coronary arteryfrom the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) was detected prospectivelyby transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Colour flow mappingand pulsed Doppler ultrasound revealed a predominant right-to-leftshunt from the pulmonary artery to the left coronary artery.These findings were confirmed by angiography. Transihoracic echocardiography (TTE)failed to show the anomalousorigin of the left coronary artery or any abnormal pulmonaryflow pattern. TEE may be useful in the diagnosis of ALCAPA in selected cases,when TTE is inconclusive.     

224例不明原因发热患者病因分析

目的了解某院不明原因发热(FUO)患者病因,及其明确诊断的方法,为临床诊断和治疗FUO提供参考。方法应用血清学、细菌学、分子生物学、骨髓穿刺、组织活检,以及诊断性治疗等方法,对该院2008年1月—2014年7月收治的FUO住院患者进行临床诊断,回顾性分析224例FUO患者病因和最终诊断。结果最终明确病因者189例,占84.38%;未明确者35例,占15.62%。其中感染性疾病、结缔组织病、恶性肿瘤、其他类疾病分别占50.45%、18.75%、9.82%、5.36%。在感染性疾病中,细菌为主要病原体,其次为病毒;结缔组织病以系统性红斑狼疮和结节性多动脉炎为主;恶性肿瘤以血液系统肿瘤为主,而淋巴瘤最常见。189例确诊患者采用病原学检查者占30.16%,病理学检查者占24.34%,其他方法(综合分析)占20.11%。结论感染性疾病、结缔组织病、肿瘤为FUO的主要病因。