鼓槌石斛化学成分的研究

自中药鼓槌石斛(Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl.)茎中分离到5个化合物,经光谱(UV,IR,MS,¹HNMR,DIFNOE和¹³CNMR)分析,分别鉴定为β-谷甾醇(I)、鼓槌菲(chrysotoxene,II)、毛兰素(erianin,III)、毛兰菲(confusarin,IV)和鼓槌联苄(chrysotobibenzyl,V)。II是新化合物,V是新天然产物。     

五种石斛的指纹图谱研究

目的：建立密花、马鞭、短棒、鼓槌和金钗等五种石斛的色谱指纹图谱。方法：采用HPLC/UV/MS技术对五种石斛的色谱指纹图谱进行了研究。结果：建立了五种石斛的HPLC/UV指纹图谱，并对其中三种石斛HPLC/MS指纹图谱中的色谱峰进行了解析，共对15个谱峰进行了化学成分的初步归属。结论：所建立的方法可用于石斛指纹图谱的测定，并为其全面质量控制及化学成分研究提供参考。     

糖尿病大鼠的肾脏肥大和尿EGF变化

本文观察了大黄对链脲菌素所致糖尿病大鼠肾脏肥大、尿表皮生长因子(EGF),以及肾功能的影响.结果表明,糖尿病大鼠肾脏肥大和尿EGF呈明显相关性,大黄抑制肾脏肥大,其尿EGF排泄量也明显降低;同时肾小球滤过率降低,大黄并能部分地减少近曲小管Na~+的再吸收.说明大黄抑制肾脏肥大的作用与大黄减少肾EGF生成和近曲小管增殖和肥大有关.     

A comparative study of three tissue-cultured Dendrobium species and their wild correspondences by headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry combined with chemometric methods

Plant tissue culture technique is widely used in the conservation and utilization of rare and endangered medicinal plants and it is crucial for tissue culture stocks to obtain the ability to produce similar bioactive components as their wild correspondences. In this paper, a headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method combined with chemometric methods was applied to analyze and evaluate the volatile compounds in tissue-cultured and wild Dendrobium huoshanense Cheng and Tang, Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo and Dendrobium moniliforme (Linn.) Sw. In total, 63 volatile compounds were separated, with 53 being identified from the three Dendrobium spp. samples. Different provenances of Dendrobiums had characteristic chemicals and showed remarkable quantity discrepancy of common compositions. The similarity evaluation disclosed that the accumulation of volatile compounds in Dendrobium samples might be affected by their provenance. Principal component analysis showed that the first three components explained 85.9% of data variance, demonstrating a good discrimination between samples. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry techniques, combined with chemometrics, might be an effective strategy for identifying the species and their provenance, especially in the assessment of tissue-cultured Dendrobium quality for use in raw herbal medicines.     

3种种源铁皮石斛叶黄酮类成分HPLC特征图谱比较

目的:研究不同产地种源铁皮石斛叶黄酮类成分HPLC特征图谱,并初步比较丹霞地貌种源(广东、福建、浙江、江西)、浙江本地种、铁皮兰种(广西、云南)特征图谱的差异。方法:采用Kromasil 100-5 C_(18)色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);流动相甲醇-水(梯度洗脱),检测波长340 nm,柱温25℃,流速0.8 m L·min~(-1)。采用国家药典委员会"中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统软件"(2004A版)生成共有模式。结果:3种种源的23批样品共标示出14个共有特征峰。其中,10批丹霞种源样品标示出12个共有特征峰(峰14为最强峰),样品相似度为0.880~0.996;6批浙江本地种源样品标示出13个共有特征峰(主要峰的相对峰面积较接近),样品相似度0.774~0.981;7批铁皮兰种源样品标示出9个共有特征峰(峰10,峰11相对峰面积较大),样品相似度0.922~0.974。丹霞种源对照图谱与浙江本地种对照图谱、铁皮兰种对照图谱的相似度分别为0.395,0.061,铁皮兰种对照图谱与浙江本地种对照图谱相似度仅为0.370。结论:该分析方法准确可靠,重复性好;相同种源铁皮石斛叶黄酮类成分群基本一致,显示铁皮石斛叶内在的稳定性;不同产地种源成分群组成及比例存在明显差异,亦为快速区分丹霞种源、浙江本地种、铁皮兰种区域特征提供了依据。     

铁皮石斛锌铁调控转运蛋白基因的克隆与表达分析

锌铁调控转运蛋白(ZRT, IRT-like protein, ZIP)在植物生长发育过程中起重要的调控作用。研究采用实时定量PCR(QPCR)和RACE技术,首次从珍稀濒危兰科药用铁皮石斛Dendrobium officinale中克隆得到1个ZIP基因cDNA全长,命名为DoZIP1,提交GenBank获得注册号KJ946203。生物信息学分析显示,该基因开放阅读框1 056 bp,编码1条由351个氨基酸组成的肽链,相对分子质量37.57 kDa,等电点6.09。推定的DoZIP1蛋白具有保守的锌铁调控转运相关蛋白结构域,二级结构包含α螺旋50.71%、延伸链11.11%、β转角1.99%与随机卷曲36.18%,具有信号肽和8个跨膜域,预测定位在质膜。该蛋白质氨基酸序列与拟南芥、苜蓿、水稻等物种ZIP蛋白相似性较高,系统进化分析表明其与AtZIP10,OsZIP3蛋白的亲缘关系较近,聚在一个分支。QPCR分析表明,DoZIP1基因转录本在根中相对表达量较高,为茎中的4.19倍;叶次之,为茎的1.12倍。DoZIP1基因的分子特征为下一步研究其在铁皮石斛生长发育过程的生物学功能奠定基础。     

铁皮石斛叶片多糖和醇溶性浸出物动态积累规律研究

该文通过揭示铁皮石斛叶片多糖和醇溶性浸出物含量的动态变化规律,为铁皮石斛叶片资源的开发利用提供依据.采用苯酚-硫酸法和醇溶性浸出物热浸法测定铁皮石斛3个优良品系不同月份的叶片中多糖和浸出物含量.结果表明,铁皮石斛叶片多糖质量分数为4.45％ ～ 12.17％,约为茎的1/4,醇溶性浸出物质量分数为7.45％ ～29.34％,约为茎的1.5倍.铁皮石斛叶片多糖含量变化与物候期密切相关,冬季、萌芽初期和落叶期植株代谢水平降低,叶片多糖含量减少;植株生长旺盛期,叶片多糖含量较高.叶片中浸出物含量在萌芽前达到最高值,促进了新芽的萌动.     

铁皮石斛1-羟基-2-甲基-2-(E)-丁烯基-4-焦磷酸还原酶基因的克隆与表达分析

目的从铁皮石斛Dendrobium officinale中克隆1-羟基-2-甲基-2-(E)-丁烯基-4-焦磷酸还原酶[1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl-4-diphosphatereductase,HDR]基因,并分析其在铁皮石斛不同组织中的表达差异以及不同信号分子诱导下的表达模式。方法采用RT-PCR和RACE等方法获得铁皮石斛HDR基因(Do HDR)全长,利用DNAMAN和MEGA6.0对其他物种的HDR基因编码的氨基酸序列进行同源性分析和进化关系分析,使用实时荧光定量分析HDR基因的表达模式。结果成功获得Do HDR基因,Gen Bank登录号为KC344827,全长1 658 bp,编码460个氨基酸,与其他科属植物的同源性达到80%以上。Do HDR基因在铁皮石斛叶片中表达量最高,从高到低依次是根、茎、原球茎;且受到脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)、水杨酸(salicylic acid,SA)信号分子的诱导。结论从铁皮石斛中获得Do HDR基因,为进一步阐明铁皮石斛萜类化合物合成途径中该基因的重要作用奠定了理论基础。     

The Effects of Pre‐Exercise Ginger Supplementation on Muscle Damage and Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness

Ginger possesses analgesic and pharmacological properties mimicking non‐steroidal antiinflammatory drugs. We aimed to determine if ginger supplementation is efficacious for attenuating muscle damage and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) following high‐intensity resistance exercise. Following a 5‐day supplementation period of placebo or 4 g ginger (randomized groups), 20 non‐weight trained participants performed a high‐intensity elbow flexor eccentric exercise protocol to induce muscle damage. Markers associated with muscle damage and DOMS were repeatedly measured before supplementation and for 4 days following the exercise protocol. Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed one repetition maximum lift decreased significantly 24 h post‐exercise in both groups (p < 0.005), improved 48 h post‐exercise only in the ginger group (p = 0.002), and improved at 72 (p = 0.021) and 96 h (p = 0.044) only in the placebo group. Blood creatine kinase significantly increased for both groups (p = 0.015) but continued to increase only in the ginger group 72 (p = 0.006) and 96 h (p = 0.027) post‐exercise. Visual analog scale of pain was significantly elevated following eccentric exercise (p < 0.001) and was not influenced by ginger. In conclusion, 4 g of ginger supplementation may be used to accelerate recovery of muscle strength following intense exercise but does not influence indicators of muscle damage or DOMS. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.