Monitoring of skin response to sodium lauryl sulphate: clinical scores versus bioengineering methods

The present trial was designed to evaluate clinical scores (single observer) of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS)-induced skin irritation in a group of subjects (n = 10) over a 10-day period along with various skin function parameters. In order to avoid significant variations due to secondary phenomena, the following parameters were recorded with non-invasive instruments in this order: skin capacitance (C1; arbitrary units; CM420 Corneometer), transepidermal water loss (TEWL; g/m2.h; Evaporimeter) and laser Doppler flowmetry (CBFV: cutaneous blood flow values; Periflux). All examinations were performed during winter on reclined relaxed subjects present for at least 10 min in a test room with controlled temperature and relative humidity (t degrees: 19.5-20.7 degrees C and RH: 47.3-60.3%). The analysis of differential data (delta = value at tx-value before test; 2-way ANOVA) was made on single parameters as a function of site (volar forearm versus neck) and time (from 24 h after 48-h occlusion with 5% SLS up to 10 days later). The profile of erythema scores over time differed between neck and forearm, but the delta CBFV readings with the laser Doppler instrument did not detect significant site-time interactions. Roughness (blind evaluation with palpating finger) and capacitance readings (delta C1) showed significant differences between sites, but the profile over time was similar in both locations. delta TEWL did not differ according to anatomical location. The reason for different erythema scores on neck and forearm might be related to inherent regional variation of optical properties of the skin or to a substantial contribution of SLS-induced roughness to the readings of erythema.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

2%HPMC对兔眼内压及角膜内皮影响的实验研究

报导了2%羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、1%透明质酸钠(Na-HA)及平衡盐液(BSS)分别注入兔眼前房后,其眼内压、角膜内皮细胞数及内皮细胞形态的变化。证实自制2%HPMC 与进口1%Na-HA 性能基本相同,仅有一过性眼压升高,不损害角膜内皮,能在眼前节手术及人工晶体植入时有效地保护角膜内皮细胞。     

Modulators of growth in primary culture of rat proximal tubular cells II

Summary: The present studies assessed the effects of manipulating extracellular sodium (Na) concentration and Na transport on cellular hypertrophy and hyperplasia in primary culture of rat proximal tubular cells. A concentration-dependent effect on thymidine incorporation and protein content was observed with cell culture media Na concentration of 130, 140 and 150 mmol/L. This effect was independent of osmolality (matched with mannitol) and no stimulatory effect occurred if choline was substituted for Na. Cells derived from sham-operated (Sx) animals exposed to a higher media concentration of Na (150 vs 140 mmol/L) had both stimulated thymidine incorporation to 186.8 ± 35.41% (P<0.05) and enhanced cell protein content to 134.7 ± 135% (P<0.05). This effect was more pronounced in cell cultures derived from unilaterally nephrectomized (Nx) animals, being 212.8 ± 31.5% (P<0.01) for thymidine incorporation (P<0.05 vs cells from sham-operated animals grown in high Na media) and 114.4 ± 3.2% (P<0.001) for protein content (P=0.11 vs sham-operated cells grown in similar conditions). the addition of 10^?4 mmol/L ethylisopropyl amiloride hydrochloride (EIPA) to Nx cells in a normal or high Na concentration media resulted in a decrease in cellular protein content to 82.6 ± 6.8% (P<0.05) and 85.5 ± 0.2% (P<0.0001) compared to respective controls. 10^?4 mol/L EIPA in media supplemented with insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) blocked the proliferative response normally seen in response to this growth factor from 156.6 ± 13.7 to 27.5 ± 3.1% (P<0.0001) compared to control. However, the presence of EIPA did not abrogate the hypertrophic response elicited by IGF-1 (cell protein content 128.1 ± 13.1% of control with IGF-1 vs 124.9 ± 12.5 with IGF-1 and EIPA; P= n.s.). Addition of 10^?4 mol/L EIPA to 10% serum derived from either Sx or Nx animals blocked the growth response to the sera, limiting the cellular protein content to 76.6 ± 5.5% (P<0.0001) and 89.7 ± 4.4% (P<0.0001) and thymidine incorporation to quiescent levels of 0.2 ± 0.1% (P<0.0001) and 0.4 ± 0.1% (P<0.0001) compared to respective controls. In summary, rat renal proximal tubular cell growth is influenced by Na concentrations in the cell culture environment and inhibited in the presence of EIPA. This supports a role for altered epithelial transport in the cellular growth response to a number of stimuli.     

Sodium channels accumulate at the tips of injured axons

The axolemmal distribution of voltage-gated sodium channels largely determines the regions of axonal electrical excitability. Using a wellcharacterized anti–sodium channel antibody, we examined peripheral nerve fibers focally injured by exposure to the neurotoxic agent, potassium tellurite (K₂TeO₃). Immunocytochemical and radioimmunoassay data showed a focal accumulation of sodium channels within the tips of injured axons. The major increase in sodium channel concentration occurred between 7 and 11 days after toxin exposure; however, immunocytochemically, excess sodium channels persisted in several axonal endings for a much longer time. The accumulation of sodium channels at injured axonal tips may be responsible, in part, for ectopic axonal excitability and the resulting abnormal sensory phenomena (especially pain and paresthesias) which frequently complicate peripheral nerve injury in humans. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

麦考酚酸酯及其临床应用进展

目的:麦考酚酸酯(MMF)是一种新型的免疫抑制剂.在临床应用中,MMF的使用也越来越广泛,已不仅仅局限于器官移植,还涉及到系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)、自体免疫风湿性疾病的治疗,以及在糖尿病,肺部血管高压的辅助治疗等诸多方面.肠包衣麦考酚酸钠,是一种新的可抵抗胃溶作用的麦考酚酸肠包衣剂型,药物在肠内释放,可以降低胃肠道(GI)不良反应的发生.     

Expression of Na+/HCO3− co‐transporter proteins (NBCs) in rat and human skeletal muscle

Aim: Sodium/bicarbonate co‐transport (NBC) has been suggested to have a role in muscle pH regulation. We investigated the presence of NBC proteins in rat and human muscle samples and the fibre type distribution of the identified NBCs. Methods and results: Western blotting of muscle homogenates and sarcolemmal membranes (sarcolemmal giant vesicles) were used to screen for the presence of NBCs. Immunohistochemistry was used for the subcellular localization. The functional test revealed that approximately half of the pH recovery in sarcolemmal vesicles produced from rat muscle is mediated by bicarbonate‐dependent transport. This indicates that the NBCs are preserved in the vesicles. The western blotting experiments demonstrated the existence of at least two NBC proteins in skeletal muscle. One NBC protein (approximately 150 kDa) seems to be related to the kidney/pancreas/heart isoform NBC1, whereas the other protein (approximately 200 kDa) is related to the NBC4 isoform. The two NBC proteins represent the electrogenic isoforms named NBCe1 and NBCe2. Membrane fractionation and immunofluorescence techniques confirmed that the two NBCs are located in the sarcolemmal membrane as well as in some internal membranes, probably the T‐tubules. The two NBCs localized in muscle have distinct fibre type distributions. Conclusions: Skeletal muscle possesses two variants of the sodium/bicarbonate co‐transporter (NBC) isoforms, which have been called NBCe1 and NBCe2.     

透明质酸钠预防粘连性肠梗阻术后再粘连临床观察

Objective To investigate the prevention of intestines adhesion about sodium hyaluronic acid in postoperative intestines adhesion.Methods Eighteen cases of adhesive intestine obstruction were done intestinal release or bowel resection.2～4mL sodium hyaluronic acid was put to the wound,anastigmatic and rough surface of peritoneal.Gastrointestinal decompression,anti-infective and infusion were taken after oper-ations.Followed up 8～24 months.Results Obstructive symptoms haven't happened,the effective rate is 100%.Only 2 cases have intermittent abdominal pain without obstruction,the incidence was 11%.Conclu-sion Sodium hylauronic acid is effective to prevent the adhesion of postoperative intestines adhesion,simp-ler use,fewer side-effects and great value to appliance.     

AN-132 block of cardiac sodium channels: A gate-related receptor analysis

Summary Based on the gate-related receptor hypothesis, an analysis of kinetics of AN-132, a new antiarrhythmic agent, blockade of cardiac sodium channels and the gate-related receptor which is bound by the drug was performed by computer simulation. Model-predicted apparent rates of onset of AN-132 (30 μmol/L) blocking were 0.051, 0.038, and 0.034 AF⁻¹ at stimulation frequencies of 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 Hz, respectively. The time constant of recovery from block by AN-132 at resting potential -90 mV was 39.5 s. These findings are in agreement with those experimental data documented. The analysis of gate-related receptor shows that AN-132 binds the inactivation gate-related receptor, and the binding and unbinding are modulated by the inactivation process.