Rupture of the Renal Artery After Cutting Balloon Angioplasty in a Young Woman With Fibromuscular Dysplasia

A 24-year-old woman with uncontrollable high blood pressure for 3 months had significant stenosis of the left renal artery caused by fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). The lesion was resistant to percutaneous transluminal angioplasty at 18 atm with a semicompliant balloon. Angioplasy with a 6 × 10 mm cutting balloon (CB) caused rupture of the artery. Low-pressure balloon inflation decreased but did not stop the leak. An attempt to place a stent-graft (Jostent; Jomed, Rangendingen, Germany) failed, and a bare, 6-mm balloon-expandable stent (Express SD; Boston Scientific, MN) was deployed to seal the leak, which had decreased considerably after long-duration balloon inflation. The bleeding continued, and the patient underwent emergent surgical revascularization of the renal artery with successful placement of a 6-mm polytetrafluoroethylene bypass graft. CBs should be used very carefully in the treatment of renal artery stenosis, particularly in patients with FMD.     

Intraoperative cutting errors in total knee arthroplasty

Introduction Precise reconstruction of leg alignment offers the best opportunity for achieving good long-term results in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). It was the aim of this study to evaluate the bone-cutting process as a potential source of inaccuracy in TKA.Materials and methods In a consecutive series of 50 computer-assisted TKAs, cutting errors, which were defined as a difference between the cutting block position before sawing and the achieved resection plane afterwards, were measured for the distal femur and proximal tibia resection. Measurements were performed using a CT-based navigation system.Results For the distal femoral cut, there was a mean varus/valgus deviation of 0.6° (SD±0.5°) and a mean flexion/extension deviation of 1.4° (SD±1.3°). For the proximal tibia, varus/valgus alignment showed a mean deviation of 0.5° (SD±0.5°). The mean sagittal variability was 1.0° (SD±0.9°). Differences between the frontal and the sagittal plane were significant.Conclusion To minimize cutting errors, techniques and instruments are needed which enable a more stable fixation of the cutting blocks or even more appropriate preparation instruments. Using a computer-assisted technique, the surgeon is aware of cutting errors occurring at each point of the operation and will therefore be able to correct these errors during surgery, while he is not aware of those errors with the conventional TKA technique.     

Antecedent Bile duct Cutting in the Glissonean pedicle technique (ABC technique) for extremely advanced perihilar cholangiocarcinoma

BackgroundIn an increasing number of patients undergoing radical surgery for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma [[1], [2], [3]], the intrahepatic bile duct is conventionally transected after the vessels to be preserved or reconstructed are confirmed [3,4]. In patients with extremely advanced perihilar cholangiocarcinoma having massive vascular involvement, it is sometimes difficult to confirm the vessels for reconstruction because of restricted working space and/or anatomical variants, even after liver parenchymal dissection [4]. When the vessels cannot be confirmed, the tumor is usually unresectable [4].MethodsWe developed a novel technique named “Antecedent Bile duct Cutting in the Glissonean pedicle technique (ABC technique)”, in which we directly cut the bile duct in the Glissonean sheath under 5x loupe until the vessels to be reconstructed are secured.ResultsThis video demonstrates the case of a 62-year-old man post-gastrectomy with a 47 × 36-mm perihilar cholangiocarcinoma with massive vascular involvement. Trisectionectomy was neither indicated left nor right due to excessively small remnant liver volume estimated even with portal vein embolization; thus, extended left hemihepatectomy with caudate lobectomy was applied using the ABC technique. Using the ABC technique after liver parenchymal dissection enabled us to identify and secure RAHA, RPHA, and RPV in favorable positions, and V5, RPV, RAHA, and RPHA were reconstructed. Finally, hepaticojejunostomy was performed. The operative time and blood transfusion were 1170 min and 1240 ml, respectively. R0 resection was achieved and the postoperative course was uneventful.ConclusionABC technique was technically feasible and useful for extremely advanced perihilar cholangiocarcinoma with massive vascular involvement.     

经皮冠状动脉内切割球囊成形术的临床应用

目的评价经皮冠状动脉内切割球囊成形术的临床疗效.方法使用切割球囊导管对20例冠心病患者(男18例、女2例,年龄53.4±6.3岁)的24支冠状动脉进行扩张.结果手术成功率为90%(18例),病变成功率为91.7%(22支).未出现死亡、急性Q波型心肌梗死和急性心包填塞等并发症.病变部位狭窄程度由术前的(85.6±7.3)%降至术后的(28.5±9.4)%.术后随访1～10个月,有3例复发心绞痛,其中1例经血管造影证实为再狭窄.结论切割球囊成形术是一种安全、有效的介入性治疗技术,其成功率高、并发症少.     

High power, low frequency ultrasound: meniscal tissue interaction and ablation characteristics

This study evaluates high power low frequency ultrasound transmitted via a flat vibrating probe tip as an alternative technology for meniscal debridement in the bovine knee. An experimental force controlled testing rig was constructed using a 20 kHz ultrasonic probe suspended vertically from a load cell. Effect of variation in amplitude of distal tip displacement (242-494 μm peak-peak) settings and force (2.5-4.5 N) on tissue removal rate (TRR) and penetration rate (PR) for 52 bovine meniscus samples was analyzed. Temperature elevation in residual meniscus was measured by embedded thermocouples and histologic analysis. As amplitude or force increases, there is a linear increase in TRR (Mean: 0.9 to 11.2 mg/s) and PR (Mean: 0.08 to 0.73 mm/s). Maximum mean temperatures of 84.6°C and 52.3°C were recorded in residual tissue at 2 mm and 4 mm from the ultrasound probe-tissue interface. There is an inverse relationship between both amplitude and force, and temperature elevation, with higher settings resulting in less thermal damage. (E-mail: garrett.mcguinness@dcu.ie)     

冠状动脉小血管病变介入治疗进展

支架术和经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术联合应用对于直径≥3mm的病变血管可产生较为理想的再狭窄率和主要心血管事件发生率,然而对于直径< 3mm的病变血管而言,愈后不佳,因此现在小血管病变的介入治疗已成为关注的焦点。近年来除了传统的支架术外,还运用了各种新方法来治疗小血管病变,如药物涂层支架、洗脱支架、合理化支架、点支架、切割球囊成形术等。本文对上述各种方法的疗效作一综述。     

输卵管妊娠腹腔镜手术及开腹手术的对比分析

目的探讨腹腔镜手术与开腹手术治疗输卵管妊娠的优越性。方法采用回顾性分析研究了腹腔镜手术85例患者及开腹手术60例患者的临床资料，比较术中术后及随访情况。结果腹腔镜术中出血量、术后体温恢复正常时间、术后排气时间、尿管停留时间及住院时间，明显少于开腹手术（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论腹腔镜手术治疗输卵管妊娠，具有术中出血量少、术后肠功能恢复快、住院时间短等优点，在临床上值得广泛应用。     

Cutting-balloon angioplasty before drug-eluting stent implantation for the treatment of severely calcified coronary lesions

Background Severely calcified coronary lesions respond poorly to balloon angioplasty, resulting in incomplete and asymmetrical stent expansion. Therefore, adequate plaque modification prior to drug-eluting stent （DES） implantation is the key for calcified lesion treat- ment. This study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of cutting balloon angioplasty for severely calcified coronary lesions. Methods Ninety-two consecutive patients with severely calcified lesions （defined as calcium arc 〉 180% calcium length ratio 〉 0.5） treated with bal- loon dilatation before DES implantation were randomly divided into two groups based on the balloon type： 45 patients in the conventional balloon angioplasty （BA） group and 47 patients in the cutting balloon angioplasty （CB） group. Seven cases in BA group did not satisfactorily achieve dilatation and were transferred into the CB group. Intravascular ultrasound （IVUS） was performed before balloon dilatation and after stent implantation to obtain qualitative and quantitative lesion characteristics and evaluate the stent, including minimum lumen cross-sectional area （CSA）, calcified arc and length, minimum stent CSA, stent apposition, stent symmetry, stent expansion, vessel dissection, and branch vessel jail. In-hospital, 1-month, and 6-month major adverse cardiac events （MACE） were reported. Results There were no statistical differences in clinical characteristics between the two groups, including calcium arc （222.2° ± 22.2° vs. 235.0° ± 22.1 °, p=0.570）, calcium length ratio （0.67 ± 0.06 vs. 0.77± 0.05, P = 0.130）, and minimum lumen CSA before PCI （2.59 ±0.08 mm2 vs. 2.52 ± 0.08 mm2, P = 0.550）. After stent implantation, the final minimum stent CSA （6.26 ± 0.40 mm2 vs. 5.03 ± 0.33 mm2; P = 0.031） and acute lumen gain （3.74 ±0.38 mm2 w. 2.44 ± 0.29 mm2, P = 0.015） were significantly larger ila the CB group than that of the BA group. There were not statis tically differences in stent expansion, stent symmetry, incomplete stent apposition, vessel dissection and branch vessel jail between two groups. The 30-day and 6-month MACE rates were also not different. Conclusions Cutting balloon angioplasty before DES implantation in severely calcified lesions appears to be more efficacies including significantly larger final stent CSA and larger acute lumen gain, without increasing complications during operations and the MACE rate in 6-month.     

强激光对生物组织切割深度的新计算方法

基于强激光对生物组织热作用的数学模拟^[1]，拟定了实用的计算模型及其数值求解的新方法，特别是提出了确定强激光作用下切割深度的计算公式。理论计算结果与强激光对生物组织切割的实验数据能较好地吻合。     

Reasons for and Experiences With Surgical Interventions for Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C): A Systematic Review

BackgroundBecause female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) leads to changes in normal genital anatomy and functionality, women are increasingly seeking surgical interventions for their FGM/C-related concerns.AimTo conduct a systematic review of empirical quantitative and qualitative research on interventions for women with FGM/C-related complications.MethodsWe conducted systematic searches up to May 2016 in 16 databases to obtain references from different disciplines. We accepted all study designs consisting of girls and women who had been subjected to FGM/C and that examined a reparative intervention for a FGM/C-related concern. We screened the titles, abstracts, and full texts of retrieved records for relevance. Then, we assessed the methodologic quality of the included studies and extracted and synthesized the study data.OutcomesAll outcomes were included.ResultsOf 3,726 retrieved references, 71 studies including 7,291 women were eligible for inclusion. We identified three different types of surgical intervention: defibulation or surgical separation of fused labia, excision of a cyst with or without some form of reconstruction, and clitoral or clitoral-labial reconstruction. Reasons for seeking surgical interventions consisted of functional complaints, sexual aspirations, esthetic aspirations, and identity recovery. The most common reasons for defibulation were a desire for improved sexual pleasure, vaginal appearance, and functioning. For cyst excision, cystic swelling was the main reason for seeking excision; for reconstruction, the main reason was to recover identity. Data on women's experiences with a surgical intervention are sparse, but we found that women reported easier births after defibulation. Our findings also suggested that most women were satisfied with defibulation (overall satisfaction = 50–100%), typically because of improvements in their sexual lives. Conversely, the results suggested that defibulation had low social acceptance and that the procedure created distress in some women who disliked the new appearance of their genitalia. Most women were satisfied with clitoral reconstruction, but approximately one third were dissatisfied with or perceived a worsening in the esthetic look.Clinical TranslationThe information health care professionals give to women who seek surgical interventions for FGM/C should detail the intervention options available and what women can realistically expect from such interventions.Strengths and LimitationsThe systematic review was conducted in accordance with guidelines, but there is a slight possibility that studies were missed.ConclusionThere are some data on women's motivations for surgery for FGM/C-related concerns, but little is known about whether women are satisfied with the surgery, and experiences appear mixed.Berg RC, Taraldsen S, Said MA, et al. Reasons for and Experiences With Surgical Interventions for Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C): A Systematic Review. J Sex Med 2017;14:977–990.