山豆根中黄酮化学成分研究

目的:对豆科槐属植物山豆根Sophora tonkinensis的黄酮类化学成分进行研究.方法:采用反复硅胶柱色谱法、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱法等进行分离纯化,并通过波谱分析鉴定了其化学结构.结果:分离得到8个黄酮类化合物,即山豆根色满二氢黄酮Ⅰ(tonkinochromane I,1),光甘草酚(glabrol,2),lupinifolin(3),tonkinensisol(4),8-C-prenylkaempferol (5),7,2'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-isoflavanol(6),芒柄花素(formononetin,7),金雀异黄素(genistein,8).结论:化合物1为新化合物,化合物6为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物2,3,5为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

HPLC法测定山豆根中苦参碱和氧化苦参碱的含量

目的：建立用高效液相色谱法同时测定山豆根药材中苦参碱和氧化苦参碱含量。方法：用氨基键合柱以乙腈－无水乙醇－水（８０：１０：１０,磷酸调ｐＨ＝２．０）为流动相,检测波长２２０ｎｍ。结果：该方法回收率高,成分的分离度好,采用外标法,快速,方便。结论：该方法可用于山豆根药材中２种主要生物碱的同时测定。     

Antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Costus speciosus in alloxan induced diabetic rats

Hyperglycemia, abnormal lipid and antioxidant profiles are the most usual complications in diabetes mellitus. In the present study, the antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipemic and antioxidant potency of an ethanol extract of Costus speciosus root was investigated in alloxan-induced diabetic male (Charles Foster) rats. Four groups of alloxan diabetic rats (n = 6) were administered orally with different doses of Costus speciosus root extract (150, 300 and 450 mg/kg BW) and a standard drug, glibenclamide (600 microg/kg BW), for 4 weeks. Two groups of rats (n = 6) served as normal and diabetic controls. While the diabetic controls showed significant abnormal carbohydrate, lipid and antioxidant profiles, administration of 150 mg/kg BW dose neither improved glucose nor lipid metabolism and antioxidant levels. Administration of 300 and 450 mg/kg BW doses, however, resulted in a reversal of diabetes and its complications. Both doses significantly brought down blood glucose concentration (26.76%, 34.68%), increased glycogenesis and decreased glyconeogenesis bringing the glucose metabolism toward normalcy. These doses also reversed the hyperlipidemia by reducing plasma total lipid (12.87%, 178.24%), cholesterol (21.92%, 30.77%) and triglyceride (25.32%, 33.99%) and improved hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities. The high dose (450 mg/kg BW) was found to have more potential antioxidant activities compared with glibenclamide. It is concluded that Costus speciosus root extract possesses anti-hyperglycemic, antihyperlipemic and antioxidative effects, which may prove to be of clinical importance in the management of diabetes and its complications.     

Antihyperglycemic and insulin secretory activity of Costus pictus leaf extract in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats and in in vitro pancreatic islet culture

Aim of the study

The leaves of Costus pictus D. Don were used extensively for its antihyperglycemic activity by the people in Kerala, India. In the present study, the antihyperglycemic and insulin secretory activity of an aqueous extract of Costus pictus leaf extract was investigated in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

Materials and methods

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test was done to determine the effective dose of Costus pictus extract. Aqueous extract of Costus pictus leaves was given orally to the diabetic rats for 14 days. The insulin secretory action of the leaf extract was investigated using isolated pancreatic islets from rat. Liver glucose uptake activity was measured using d-[¹⁴C] glucose.

Results

The oral administration of an aqueous extract of Costus pictus at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight significantly decreased the blood glucose with significant increase in plasma insulin level in diabetic rats at the end of 14 days treatment. The Costus pictus leaf extract significantly increased glucose induced insulin secretion at both 4 mM and 20 mM glucose concentrations which represents normal physiological and diabetic condition respectively. The decreased glucose uptake activity of the liver of diabetic rats was reverted to near normal levels after the treatment with Costus pictus leaf extract.

Conclusion

Our results suggest the glucose lowering effect of Costus pictus to be associated with the potentiation of insulin release from pancreatic islets and enhancement of peripheral utilization of glucose.     

某院2017年山豆根中药处方用药及配伍合理性分析

目的 提高山豆根临床处方用药及配伍的合理性。方法 选取重庆市大足区人民医院2017年含山豆根处方752张,分析患者性别、年龄、用药时间、用药剂量、科室分布、临床应用及配伍情况。结果 患者中男性略少于女性,年龄10个月至88岁,<10岁者(182方,24.20%),多年龄段患者日均用量均不小于6 g(国家规定的日内服量上限);用药时间1~30 d,用药3 d最多(231方,31.52%),其次是用药7 d(226方,30.05%);山豆根用量6~9 g处方数最多(677方,90.03%),96.81%的处方中山豆根用量超标;山豆根用方最多的科室为耳鼻喉科(245方,32.58%),儿科、皮肤科及呼吸科山豆根日均用量超标;山豆根用于急、慢性咽炎的治疗最多(217例,28.86%),此外的山豆根日均用量均超标;山豆根与甘草配伍频次最高(572次,6.19%),与郁金配伍频次最低(25次,0.26%);山豆根与清热药配伍频次最高(40次,17.98%),与开窍药、驱虫药配伍频次最低(2次,0.98%)。结论 该院2017年山豆根处方用药存在较多不合理,应加强监督和管理,促进合理用药。     

HPLC测定金果榄中的青牛胆苦素

目的 采用HPLC测定金果榄中青牛胆苦素的含量.方法 色谱柱为Extend-C<,18>(200 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);流动相为甲醇-0.2%聚乙二醇水溶液(1∶1);检测波长203 nm;流速0.8 ml·min<'-1>;外标法峰面积定量.结果 线性范围为0.332～3.320 μg(r=0.9998),平均回收率为97.6%,RSD=2.2%.结论 所建方法 简便、快速、准确.     

小钻化学成分的研究

目的研究小钻Kadsura longipedunculata Finet et Gagnep的化学成分。方法小钻80%乙醇提取物采用硅胶、ODS、Sephadex LH-20进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定所得化合物的结构。结果从中分离得到9个化合物,分别鉴定为(+)-安五脂素(1)、β-谷甾醇(2)、acetyl-binankadsurin A(3)、二氢愈创木脂素(4)、异型南五味子素G(5)、戈米辛R(6)、isoarborinol(7)、24-烯-环阿尔廷酮(8)、二十四烷酸(9)。结论化合物5～9为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物7为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

闭鞘姜类药材的鉴别研究

目的：为闭鞘姜类药材的鉴定和质量标准提供依据。方法：对闭鞘姜、莴笋花和光叶闭鞘姜根茎进行生药性状、组织显微和薄层色谱鉴别，对3种植物的叶表皮显微特征进行比较。结果：根茎横切面中柱鞘内侧维管束环导管的排列情况、导管中草酸钙结晶的存在、皮层和木栓细胞中草酸钙结晶的类型、薯蓣皂苷元的薄层色谱定性等是主要的鉴别特征。结论：3种药材可通过以上研究结果加以鉴别。     

狭序唐松草中三类生物碱对血小板聚集的影响

目的：研究狭序唐松草中三类生物碱ＢＢＩ、ＡＢＩ、ＡＰ的抗血小板聚集作用。方法：采用比浊法进行体外抗血小板聚集研究。结果：ＢＢＩ类和ＡＢＩ类能够抑制ＡＤＰ、Ｃｏｌｌ诱导的大鼠血小板聚集,ＡＰ类与正常对照相比则无显著差异。结论：ＢＢＩ类和ＡＢＩ类具有抗血小板聚集作用。且ＢＢＩ类作用强于ＡＢＩ类,ＡＰ类则几乎无作用。     

短柱肖菝葜中的一个新化合物

 目的对短柱肖菝葜的化学成分进行研究。方法应用多种色谱技术进行分离纯化,通过理化方法和波谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果分离并鉴定了3个化合物,分别为2-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基-5-C-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基-4,6-二羟基-苯基-对羟基苯酮(Ⅰ);大豆素(Ⅱ)和β-谷甾醇酯-3β-吡喃葡萄糖苷-6′-O-棕榈酸酯(Ⅲ)。结论Ⅰ为新化合物,简易命名为肖菝葜苷B;所有化合物均系首次从该属植物中分离得到。