闭鞘姜类药材的鉴别研究

目的：为闭鞘姜类药材的鉴定和质量标准提供依据。方法：对闭鞘姜、莴笋花和光叶闭鞘姜根茎进行生药性状、组织显微和薄层色谱鉴别，对3种植物的叶表皮显微特征进行比较。结果：根茎横切面中柱鞘内侧维管束环导管的排列情况、导管中草酸钙结晶的存在、皮层和木栓细胞中草酸钙结晶的类型、薯蓣皂苷元的薄层色谱定性等是主要的鉴别特征。结论：3种药材可通过以上研究结果加以鉴别。     

Antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Costus speciosus in alloxan induced diabetic rats

Hyperglycemia, abnormal lipid and antioxidant profiles are the most usual complications in diabetes mellitus. In the present study, the antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipemic and antioxidant potency of an ethanol extract of Costus speciosus root was investigated in alloxan-induced diabetic male (Charles Foster) rats. Four groups of alloxan diabetic rats (n = 6) were administered orally with different doses of Costus speciosus root extract (150, 300 and 450 mg/kg BW) and a standard drug, glibenclamide (600 microg/kg BW), for 4 weeks. Two groups of rats (n = 6) served as normal and diabetic controls. While the diabetic controls showed significant abnormal carbohydrate, lipid and antioxidant profiles, administration of 150 mg/kg BW dose neither improved glucose nor lipid metabolism and antioxidant levels. Administration of 300 and 450 mg/kg BW doses, however, resulted in a reversal of diabetes and its complications. Both doses significantly brought down blood glucose concentration (26.76%, 34.68%), increased glycogenesis and decreased glyconeogenesis bringing the glucose metabolism toward normalcy. These doses also reversed the hyperlipidemia by reducing plasma total lipid (12.87%, 178.24%), cholesterol (21.92%, 30.77%) and triglyceride (25.32%, 33.99%) and improved hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities. The high dose (450 mg/kg BW) was found to have more potential antioxidant activities compared with glibenclamide. It is concluded that Costus speciosus root extract possesses anti-hyperglycemic, antihyperlipemic and antioxidative effects, which may prove to be of clinical importance in the management of diabetes and its complications.     

HPLC测定金果榄中的青牛胆苦素

目的 采用HPLC测定金果榄中青牛胆苦素的含量.方法 色谱柱为Extend-C<,18>(200 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);流动相为甲醇-0.2%聚乙二醇水溶液(1∶1);检测波长203 nm;流速0.8 ml·min<'-1>;外标法峰面积定量.结果 线性范围为0.332～3.320 μg(r=0.9998),平均回收率为97.6%,RSD=2.2%.结论 所建方法 简便、快速、准确.     

小钻化学成分的研究

目的研究小钻Kadsura longipedunculata Finet et Gagnep的化学成分。方法小钻80%乙醇提取物采用硅胶、ODS、Sephadex LH-20进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定所得化合物的结构。结果从中分离得到9个化合物,分别鉴定为(+)-安五脂素(1)、β-谷甾醇(2)、acetyl-binankadsurin A(3)、二氢愈创木脂素(4)、异型南五味子素G(5)、戈米辛R(6)、isoarborinol(7)、24-烯-环阿尔廷酮(8)、二十四烷酸(9)。结论化合物5～9为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物7为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

Anti‐inflammatory Activities of Gouania leptostachya Methanol Extract and its Constituent Resveratrol

Gouania leptostachya DC. var. tonkinensis Pitard. Rhamnaceae is a traditional medicinal plant used in Thailand for treating various inflammatory symptoms. However, no systematic studies have been performed concerning the anti‐inflammatory effects or molecular mechanisms of this plant. The immunopharmacological activities of a methanol extract from the leaves and twigs of G. leptostachya (Gl‐ME) were elucidated based on the gastritis symptoms of mice treated with HCl/EtOH and the inflammatory responses, such as nitric oxide (NO) release and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) production, from RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages. Moreover, inhibitory target molecules were also assessed. Gl‐ME dose‐dependently diminished the secretion of NO and PGE₂ from LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages. The gastritis lesions of HCl/EtOH‐treated mice were also attenuated after Gl‐ME treatment. The extract (50 and 300 µg/mL) clearly reduced mRNA expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2, nuclear translocation of p65/nuclear factor (NF)‐κB, phosphorylation of p65‐activating upstream enzymes, such as protein kinase B (AKT), inhibitor of κBα kinase (IKK), and inhibitor of κB (IκBα), and the enzymatic activity of Src. By HPLC analysis, one of the major components in the extract was revealed as resveratrol with NO and Src inhibitory activities. Moreover, this compound suppressed NO production and HCl/EtOH‐induced gastric symptoms. Therefore, these results suggest that Gl‐ME might be useful as an herbal anti‐inflammatory medicine through the inhibition of Src and NF‐κB activation pathways. The efficacy data of G. leptostachya also implies that this plant could be further tested to see whether it can be developed as potential anti‐inflammatory preparation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

不同植物基原金线莲生药鉴别

目的对福建金线莲Anoectochilus roxburghii、台湾金线莲A.formosanus和滇越金线莲A.chapaensis进行生药学鉴别。方法采用徒手切片、显微观察和数码照相方法,比较分析不同植物基原金线莲的植物形态特征、根、茎、叶的横切面组织构造及其组织特征,金线莲干燥药材粉末特征。结果福建金线莲和台湾金线莲较滇越金线莲植株小,三者叶脉颜色分别为金黄色、银白色和淡红色,是外观鉴别的依据之一;滇越金线莲根木质部束数量较多,且髓部宽广,茎外韧型维管束数量较多;上表皮细胞形状、中脉上下表面形状与细胞色素分布特点是叶横切面的鉴别点;台湾金线莲上表皮细胞形状为类三角形,其他2种植物为类椭圆形;滇越金线莲中脉上表面较平整,其他2种植物微凹;福建金线莲中脉下表面呈半圆形凸出,其他2种植物微凸,福建金线莲红色物质稀少且位于上表面,台湾金线莲红色物质较多且散在,滇越金线莲有红色物质位于上表皮且集中排一列。结论不同植物基原金线莲植物形态和显微存在差异,为建立金线莲质量标准提供依据。     

Low-dose heavy metal mixture (lead,cadmium and mercury)-induced testicular injury and protective effect of zinc and Costus afer in wistar albino rats

The study evaluated the protective effect of Costus afer on low-dose heavy metal mixture (LDHMM)-mediated effects in the testis of albino rats. The weight-matched animals were divided into six groups: normal control, metal mixture of (PbCl₂ + CdCl₂ + HgCl₂), combination of metal mixture + Costus afer at 750 mg/kg, combination of metal mixture + Costus afer at 1,500 mg/kg, combination of metal mixture + Costus afer at 2,250 mg/kg and combination of metal mixture + (ZnCl₂). LDHMM reduced (p < .05) the antioxidant biomarkers (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; and glutathione, GSH) and increased (p < .05) the lipid peroxidation marker (malondialdehyde, MDA) and lead, cadmium and mercury concentrations in the testis. Treatment with LDHMM increased (p < .05) abnormal sperm morphology and plasma prolactin (PRL) level and decreased epididymal sperm count, viability, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH) and testosterone. LDHMM exposure caused deleterious changes in the testis. Treatment of rats with Costus afer (750, 1,500 and 2,250 mg/kg) dose-dependently reduced (p < .05) the LDHMM-mediated toxicity. Treatment with Costus afer also reversed the testicular weight and LDHMM decrease in antioxidant biomarkers. Costus afer may be a defensive modulator of LDHMM-mediated testicular lesions.     

滇越金线兰化学成分研究

目的:研究滇越金线兰石油醚部位的化学成分。方法:采用反复硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱及制备薄层方法对滇越金线兰石油醚部位进行分离、纯化,通过理化常数和波谱分析鉴定化合物的结构。结果:从该植物石油醚萃取部位分得6个化合物,分别鉴定为:木栓酮(1)、Sorghumol(2)、5α,8α-过氧麦甾-22-烯-3β-醇(3)、硬脂酸(4)、十八烷(5)、表木栓醇(6)。结论:其中,化合物1、2、4为首次从该植物中得到,化合物3、5、6为首次从开唇兰属植物中分离得到。     

In vitro screening of traditionally used medicinal plants in China against enteroviruses

AIM: To search for new antiviral agents from traditional Chinese medicine, specifically anti-enterovirosuses agents. METHODS: The aqueous extracts (AE) of more than 100 traditionally used medicinal plants in China were evaluated for their in vitro anti-Coxsackie virus B3 activities with a MTT-based colorimetric assay. RESULTS: The test for AE of 16 plants exhibited anti-Coxsackie virus B3 activities at different magnitudes of potency. They can inhibit three steps (inactivation, adsorption and replication) during the infection. Among the 16 plants, Sargentodoxa cuneata (Oliv.) Rehd. et Wils., Sophora tonkinensis Gapnep., Paeonia veitchii Lynch, Spatholobus suberectus Dunn. and Cyrtomium fortunei J. sm. also have activity against other enterovirus, including Coxsackie virus B5, Polio virus I, Echo virus 9 and Echo virus 29. Cell cytotoxic assay demonstrated that all tested AE had CC50 values higher than their EC50 values. CONCLUSION: The sixteen traditionally used medicinal plants in China possessed antiviral activity, and some of them merit further investigations.     

苦参、山豆根生物碱及其总碱的抑菌活性研究

目的: 通过研究苦参、山豆根中生物碱及其总碱的体外抑菌活性,探讨苦参碱类化合物抑菌活性与结构之间的相关性。方法: 采用牛津杯法,菌株37 ℃恒温培养24 h,检测苦参、山豆根中生物碱对7种菌株(金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、产碱假单胞菌、恶臭假单胞菌、肺炎链球菌、甲型溶血性链球菌、乙型溶血性链球菌)的抑制作用。结果: 苦参、山豆根中生物碱对7种菌株均有抑制作用,其中氧化苦参碱、氧化槐果碱的抗菌作用较弱,槐定碱对甲型溶血性链球菌、乙型溶血性链球菌抗菌作用显著,抑菌圈分别达到(2.60±0.10),(2.53±0.15)cm。苦参总碱、山豆根总碱对乙型溶血性链球菌的抑菌圈分别为(2.43±0.21),(1.77±0.05)cm。结论: 苦参、山豆根中生物碱的结构与抑菌活性有一定的联系,苦参、山豆根中生物碱可作为天然抗菌成分加以开发和利用。