上海社区老年人用药安全及影响因素分析

目的：了解上海社区老年人群的用药安全情况及其影响因素，方法：以整群抽样的方法抽取上海市黄浦区两个居民委员会2985名60岁以上的居民进行问卷调查，了解其疾病和用药情况，用药反应，对安全用药的知识，态度，行为，以及影响其用药行为的因素，结果：被调查中高血压、冠心病、消化系统疾病和呼吸系统疾病的患病率分别为35．93％、10．67％、5．70％和3．71％。抗高血压药，心脑血管病药，消化系统疾病和呼吸系统疾病的患病率分别为35．93％、10．67％、5．70％和3．71％，抗高血压药、心脑血管病药，消化系统药和抗生素的使用率分别为31．72％、16．20％、2．43％和2．11％，过去30天内，51．33％的被调查用过药物，用药不良反应发生率为2．06％，对用药安全的正确知识，态度，行为率分别为71．62％、69．39％及60．67％，影响药物选择的因素中医生占88．19％，结论：老年人的用药安全仍存在问题，有待改进，医生是影响老年人药选择的最主要因素。     

Fear of falling and postural control in Parkinson's disease.

This study investigated the relationship between fear of falling (FOF) and qualitative and quantitative postural control in Parkinson's disease (PD). Fifty-eight nondemented PD patients were studied along with age-matched healthy controls. The degree of FOF was estimated using the Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale. Qualitative postural control was evaluated using a component of the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale. Postural control was quantified, using centre of pressure measures obtained from a force plate, for eight standing balance tests of different challenges. The results showed that FOF was more evident for PD patients when compared with healthy individuals of similar age. Furthermore, FOF was significantly associated with a qualitative estimate of postural control in PD; individuals with PD who had a greater degree of posture impairment reported greater FOF. The results also showed that an estimate of FOF may help to explain quantitative postural instability in PD. FOF, when coupled with a qualitative estimate of postural control, was able to explain a greater amount of variation in quantitative balance performance for five of the eight balance tests. When considered independently, the qualitative measure of postural control, in general, could not well predict quantitative balance performance. The greater degree of FOF and its possible association with altered postural control suggests that FOF should be considered as an important, independent risk factor in the assessment and treatment of postural instability in patients with PD.     

新型饮水对小鼠繁殖及抗氧化酶活性的影响

目的　探讨新型饮水对健康的影响及其保健作用。方法　将矿溶生态水、活化水、纯净水、矿泉水、碱性离子水等 5种新型饮水作为唯一水源分别喂饲亲代及子代小鼠 3个月 ,对照给予天然水。观察它们对小鼠体重、繁殖及抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果　与天然水比较 ,活化水、矿溶生态水促进亲代雄性小鼠体重增长 (P <0 0 5) ;矿溶生态水使子代小鼠、矿泉水和碱性离子水使子代雄性小鼠体重增长缓慢 (P <0 0 5) ;纯净水使新生仔鼠体重减轻 (P <0 0 5) ,活化水、矿溶生态水使小鼠窝产仔数增多 (P <0 0 5) ,5种水对小鼠受孕率、妊娠率、出生存活率无影响 ;矿溶生态水、活化水、纯净水、矿泉水使小鼠肝组织SOD活力升高 (P <0 0 5) ,碱性离子水使肝组织SOD活力降低 (P <0 0 5)。结论　 5种新型饮水对小鼠体重有影响 ,对受孕率、妊娠率、出生存活率无影响 ;矿溶生态水、活化水、纯净水、矿泉水有提高SOD活力作用     

Spatial Learning Deficits in Mice with a Targeted Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene Disruption

Previous studies in rats using the Morris water maze suggested that the processing of spatial information is modulated by corticosteroid hormones through mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors in the hippocampus. Mineralocorticoid receptors appear to be involved in the modulation of explorative behaviour, while additional activation of glucocorticoid receptors facilitates the storage of information. In the present study we used the water maze task to examine spatial learning and memory in mice homozygous and heterozygous for a targeted disruption of the glucocorticoid receptor gene. Compared with wild-type controls, homozygous and heterozygous mice were impaired in the processing of spatial but not visual information. Homozygous mutants performed variably during training, without specific platform-directed search strategies. The spatial learning disability was partly compensated for by increased motor activity. The deficits were indicative of a dysfunction of glucocorticoid receptors as well as of mineralocorticoid receptors. Although the heterozygous mice performed similarly to wild-type mice with respect to latency to find the platform, their strategy was more similar to that of the homozygous mice. Glucocorticoid receptor-related long-term spatial memory was impaired. The increased behavioural reactivity of the heterozygous mice in the open field points to a more prominent mineralocorticoid receptor-mediated function. The findings indicate that (i) the glucocorticoid receptor is of critical importance for the control of spatial behavioural functions, and (ii) mineralocorticoid receptor-mediated effects on this behaviour require interaction with functional glucocorticoid receptors. Until the development of site-specific, inducible glucocorticoid receptor mutants, glucocorticoid receptor-knockout mice present the only animal model for the study of corticosteroid-mediated effects in the complete absence of a functional receptor.     

麻醉机呼吸环路碱石灰尘埃污染的情况

目的：观察通气时碱石灰尘埃向呼吸环路中的排放及被呼吸道阻留的情况。方法：麻醉机环路连接集尘袋及筛装新碱石灰。ＪＴ库尔特颗粒计数仪动态测定排尘量。其颗粒测量范围为１～１２５μｍ３，通气１０分后测定呼吸环路加集尘袋内的尘埃量即为总尘量，收取称干重得尘埃分散度。通过对Ｎａｒ－ｃｏｍｅｄ、Ｄｒａｇｅｒ、Ｓｕｌａｒ８０８和１０３麻醉机行上述测量后，另以前者（Ｎ机）为例，其环路按相应处理分干燥、湿化和过滤三组，志愿者模拟通气１０分测定环路含尘量后与总尘量差得气管肺的阻留量。结果：四种麻醉机环路内碱石灰尘埃的分散度达１３ｍｇ／ｍ３以上。尘埃排放量与通气时间呈正比（ｒ＝０．９５，Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ｎ机干燥组中总排尘量的半数以上被气管肺阻留。湿化组该阻留量明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０５），而过滤组环路内总排尘量和气管肺阻流量下降更为显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：使用新碱石灰通气时，麻醉机环路内存在严重的尘埃污染，环路内湿化有一定的防尘作用，但以滤过处理效佳。     

Localization of adhesion molecules on human spermatozoa by fluorescence microscopy

Summary.  The expression of adhesion molecules on human spermatozoa of healthy probands was analysed. The localization patterns of adhesion molecules (AM) on the spermatozoal surface were documented by fluorescence microscopy. Spermatozoa were incubated with antibodies against α1 (CD49a), α2 (CD49b), α3 (CD49c), α4 (CD49d), α5 (CD49e), α6 (CD49f) chains of β1 integrins, β1 (CD29), β2 (CD18), αV (CD51), β3 (CD61) and β4 integrin chains, the LFA-3 (Lymphocyte function antigen, CD58) from the immunoglobulin superfamily and the extracellular matrix proteins laminin, fibronectin and collagen IV. For collagen IV, α1 and α2 chains no expression could be noticed. Laminin was detected at the acrosomal membrane, fibronectin and β4 chain mainly at the equatorial membrane. The fibronectin receptors α3, α4 and α5 chains of the β1 integrins were mainly located on acrosomal and equatorial membrane areas. Laminin receptor α6 chain was located postacrosomal and less frequently acrosomal. β2 chain and vitronectin receptors αV and β3 chains had a mainly postacrosomal localization pattern. LFA-3 was found constantly on postacrosomal membrane areas. Double staining technique was used to prove the simultaneous occurrence of fibronectin and its integrin receptors α3, α4 and α5 chains and of αV and β2 chains on spermatozoa. The localization patterns of integrins on double stained spermatozoa were similar to the patterns described for single stained spermatozoa. The localization of fibronectin appeared to be influenced by the presence of integrins: the typical equatorial fibronectin band disappeared in case of an equatorial localization of integrins.     

我国毒物中毒概况和预防对策

论述了我国生产性职业中毒、运输过程意外事故中毒、环境污染事故中毒、生产性和非生产性农药中毒、食物中毒以及药物中毒.还讨论了中毒的预防对策.     

革兰氏阴性杆菌发生过程控制的研究

本研究选择奇异变形杆菌和绿肿杆菌等作为实验体系，从群体发生发展过程的宏观表现上探讨了生物控制的时空表达及非线性问题。结果表明，杆菌发生过程的时相周期性可以表现为空间的波形靶图样，并具有分形的特征。实验结果表明，菌群在生长过程中的代谢产物是富含生物信息的控制中介机制。我们认为，生物系统局部存在着准平衡和准封闭的微生态环境，生物液晶的存在和相变是细菌群体发生过程的重要协同中介因素。     

雾化吸入二性霉素B治疗肺部霉菌感染的临床观察

采用雾化吸入二性霉素Ｂ治疗肿瘤合并肺部霉菌感染１６例，与静脉滴注二性霉素Ｂ相比较，有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５），且毒副作用小，患者易于接受。     

原发性肾紫癜诊治体会（附5例报告）

目的：探讨原发性肾紫癜的诊断和治疗。方法：总结1994～2001年收治经手术和病理证实的肾紫癜5例的临床资料，其中误诊肾盂肿瘤2例，肾结核1例，血尿查因疑肾紫癜2例。结果：5例均行肾脏切除，其中4例因短时内大量出血超过500ml而急诊行肾切除，包括疑肾紫癜还未用上激素治疗的2例。1例反复出血不能排除肿瘤而行肾切。结论：本病的术前诊断比较困难，应结合临床具体分析，尽可能早期用激素治疗以保存肾脏，只有在血尿严重，威胁生命或不排除恶性肿瘤时才考虑行肾切除。