防治继发性骨质疏松的补肾壮骨中药组方优化实验研究

目的对防治继发性骨质疏松的中药补肾壮骨颗粒进行处方优化筛选。方法维甲酸诱导大鼠继发性骨质疏松症模型,以仙灵骨葆为阳性对照,观察补肾壮骨颗粒3个组方对血液生化指标、骨生物力学和组织计量学的影响。结果与模型组相比,阳性对照和补肾壮骨处方均可降低骨吸收,以处方3低剂量组最为明显（P〈0.05）;阳性对照和处方3有增加ALP、BGP的作用,以及提高骨湿重系数（P〈0.05）、增加骨体积的作用;各给药组大鼠胫骨近端骨松质的骨小梁面积百分数、骨小梁厚度、骨小梁数量和骨小梁分离度均有显著变化（P〈0.01）,3个处方间无显著性差异。各给药组左侧股骨和胫骨弯曲试验（折断）和第4腰椎压碎试验的最大荷载均有增加的趋势,以处方3的低剂量组最明显,分别增加了16.2%、17.7%、15.4%。结论补肾壮骨方剂3个处方均有对抗维甲酸致SD大鼠骨质疏松的作用,以处方3效果更好。     

Intrahippocampal infusion of botulinum neurotoxin E (BoNT/E) reduces spontaneous recurrent seizures in a mouse model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is one of the most common forms of human epilepsy, and it is often resistant to conventional antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy. Here we tested whether a single intrahippocampal administration of the synaptic blocker botulinum neurotoxin E (BoNT/E) is effective in reducing spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) in a mouse model of MTLE. Unilateral intrahippocampal injection of kainic acid (KA) in mice was used as a model of MTLE. Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings of SRS were performed during the chronic phase of epilepsy, before and after administration of either BoNT/E or vehicle. Frequency of SRS was significantly decreased for at least 5 days following BoNT/E, but not vehicle, infusion. Our findings demonstrate that BoNT/E can effectively reduce seizure incidence in a mouse model of MTLE.     

Granule cell dispersion develops without neurogenesis and does not fully depend on astroglial cell generation in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy

Purpose: Granule cell dispersion (GCD) appears as a characteristic morphological feature of the mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). It has been suggested that this phenomenon could be due to an increased neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus. However, this hypothesis is still debated and recent clinical and experimental studies have shown that neurogenesis is rather decreased in MTLE. To further determine the role of neural and astroglial cell generation in GCD we examined the consequences of aging and irradiation, which are known to reduce progenitor cells, in a mouse model of MTLE induced by intrahippocampal kainate (KA) injection. Methods: We injected KA in hippocampus of three different types of mice; (1) young adult, (2) aged, and (3) irradiated mice. Newly generated cells were labeled by Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and were characterized by immunohistochemistry. The extent of GCD was compared among the three animal groups. Results: In young adult mice, BrdU‐labeled neurons as well as doublecortin‐ and NeuroD‐positive cells decreased progressively after KA injection whereas BrdU‐labeled astrocytes and microglias increased. In aged and irradiated mice, where basal neurogenesis was already strongly reduced, GCD developed after KA injection to the same extent as in young adult mice. However, augmentation of the BrdU‐labeled astrocytes after KA was less than 40% in irradiated mice in comparison to young and aged mice. Conclusions: Our data show that GCD occurs without neurogenesis. Furthermore GCD developed regardless of the degree of astroglial cell proliferation, suggesting that neural stem cell generation is not crucial for GCD.     

Glutamate receptor involvement in dentate granule cell epileptiform activity evoked by mossy fiber stimulation

In many persons with temporal lobe epilepsy, dentate granule cells form an interconnected synaptic network. This recurrent mossy fiber circuit mediates reverberating excitation that may facilitate seizure propagation by synchronizing granule cell discharge. The involvement of specific glutamate receptors in granule cell epileptiform activity evoked by stimulating the mossy fibers was investigated with use of rat hippocampal slices superfused with bicuculline, with or without increasing [K+](o) to 6 mM. The occurrence of short-latency mossy fiber-evoked granule cell epileptiform activity in slices from pilocarpine-treated rats correlated with the presence and extent of recurrent mossy fiber growth. Blockade of AMPA receptors nearly abolished the orthodromic component of the response; subsequent antagonism of kainate receptors as well appeared to have no further action. Antagonism of NMDA receptors reduced the duration of epileptiform discharge, but increased the amplitude of population spikes within the evoked burst. Thus AMPA and NMDA, but perhaps not kainate, receptors play an important role in this type of epileptiform activity. Activation of type II metabotropic glutamate receptors, which inhibits the release of glutamate from mossy fiber boutons, reduced the magnitude of epileptiform discharge. This action was reversed by a partial agonist of these receptors. However, neither an agonist nor an antagonist of type III metabotropic glutamate receptors significantly altered the response. Considering the importance of synchronous granule cell discharge for seizure propagation from the entorhinal cortex to the hippocampus, agonists of type II metabotropic glutamate receptors may be useful in suppressing such discharge both experimentally and clinically.     

RP-HPLC法测定小柴胡颗粒中黄芩苷含量

目的 :以RP HPLC测定小柴胡颗粒中黄芩苷含量。方法 :黄芩苷以超声法直接用甲醇提取。色谱条件为 :AlltimaC18色谱柱 ( 2 50mm× 4 .6mm ,5μm ) ;流动相为甲醇 水 磷酸 ( 60∶4 0∶0 .2 ) ;柱温室温 ;检测波长 2 80nm。结果 :黄芩苷在 0 .0 6～ 0 .60 μg线性关系良好 ,平均加样回收率为 10 0 .2 3% ,RSD =1.70 % (n =5)。结论 :本法快速、准确、重现性好 ,可用于本制剂质量控制。     

芪归糖痛宁颗粒调节炎性因子预防糖尿病周围神经病变的机制研究

目的 通过观察芪归糖痛宁颗粒预防性给药对相关炎性因子的影响,探究其改善糖尿病周围神经病变(diabetic peripheral neuropathy,DPN)的机制。方法 将120只SD大鼠分为正常组,模型组,芪归糖痛宁颗粒高、中、低剂量组和甲钴胺组,采用链脲佐菌素腹腔注射联合高脂饲料喂养法复制糖尿病大鼠模型,预防性给予相应药物8周,以运动神经传导速度（motor nerve conduction velocity,MNCV）和摆尾温度阈值评价DPN的改善情况,采用酶联免疫吸附法测定大鼠血清基质金属蛋白酶-1 (matrix metalloproteinase 1,MMP-1)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1（interleukin 1,IL-1）、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（monocyte chemotactic protein 1,MCP-1)含量。结果 与正常组比较,模型组大鼠摆尾温度阈值显著升高（P<0.05）,MNCV显著下降（P<0.05）,血清MMP-1、TNF-α、IL-1和MCP-1均显著升高（P<0.05）。芪归糖痛宁颗粒对DPN大鼠的MNCV、摆尾温度阈值及血清MMP-1、TNF-α、IL-1和MCP-1的效应具有明显的剂量依赖性（P<0.05）,不同剂量对不同指标的效应呈现不同的量效关系;不同剂量芪归糖痛宁颗粒与甲钴胺对DPN大鼠的MNCV、摆尾温度阈值及血清MMP-1、TNF-α和IL-1的效应相比较,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 芪归糖痛宁颗粒能预防DPN,其机制与调控复杂的炎性因子网络有关,其效应具有明显的剂量依赖性。     

步长稳心颗粒与茶碱缓释片联用治疗老年窦性心动过缓疗效观察

目的:观察步长稳心颗粒与茶碱缓释片联用治疗窦性心动过缓的临床疗效。方法:132例窦性心动过缓患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组68例给予步长稳心颗粒,9g/次,每天3次,并联用茶碱缓释片口服,0.1g/次,每天2次;对照组64例给予茶碱缓释片0.1g/次,每天2次。两组疗程均为1个月。观察用药前后常规心电图,动态心电图变化及症状缓解情况,副作用观察。结果:治疗组显效38例,有效20例,总有效率85.2%;对照组显效20例,有效22例,总有效率65.6%。两组疗效比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:步长稳心颗粒与茶碱缓释片联用治疗老年窦性心动过缓安全有效,副作用少,值得推广。     

防哮颗粒对哮喘缓解期大鼠血清IFN-γ和TNF-α的影响

目的探讨防哮颗粒对哮喘缓解期气道炎性损伤的防治机理。方法制作大鼠哮喘缓解期模型,观察防哮颗粒浓缩液灌胃后对模型大鼠血清IFN-γ和TNF-α的影响,并与固本咳喘片、酮替芬对照组比较。结果防哮颗粒能升高哮喘缓解期模型大鼠血清中IFN-γ含量,降低TNF-α含量,且与中、西药对照组比较差异有高度统计意义(P<0.01)。结论防哮颗粒可抑制模型大鼠气道炎症,降低气道高反应,故对哮喘缓解期模型大鼠气道炎性损伤具有良好的预防作用。     

中风防治灵颗粒治疗急性脑梗死的临床观察

目的:探讨中风防治灵颗粒(太子参、制何首乌、水蛭等)对急性脑梗死的临床疗效。方法:采用中风防治灵颗粒(院内制剂)与蛭龙血通胶囊(中成药)治疗急性脑梗死各36例,并进行临床疗效比较。结果:治疗组疗效明显优于对照组。结论:中风防治灵颗粒治疗急性脑梗死能提高临床疗效,且制备方法简便,是一种很有前途的中药制剂。     

抗感颗粒提取工艺研究

目的优选抗感颗粒最佳提取工艺。方法以总黄酮和甘草酸的含量为考察指标,采用正交实验法对抗感颗粒的提取工艺进行优选。结果最佳提取工艺为:加水量为14倍,提取时间为1 h,提取次数为3次。结论该工艺稳定性好,适合工业化生产。