Patient mobilisation in the intensive care unit and evaluation of a multifaceted intervention including Facebook groups: A quasi-experimental study

AimsTo describe prevalence and time to mobilisation in intensive care unit patients defined as a minimum sitting in an upright position in bed, and evaluate the impact of a multifaceted quality improvement campaign on likelihood of patients being mobilised.Research methodology/designQuality improvement project using a quasi-experimental study design, comparing patient cohorts before (Before) and after (Intervention) a campaign including educational sessions, audit and feedback of intensive care unit quality indicators via closed Facebook-groups and e-mail and local opinion leaders. Secondary analysis of mobilisation data from adult intensive care patient stays extracted from electronical medical charts. Likelihood of being mobilised was analysed with Multivariate Cox-regression model and reported as Sub-hazard Ratio (SHR).SettingFour intensive care units in a university hospital.Main outcome measuresPrevalence and time to first documented mobilisation, defined as at least “sitting in bed” during the intensive care unit stay.ResultsOverall, 929 patients were analysed, of whom 710 (76 %) were mobilised; 73 % (356/ 489) in Before vs 81 % (354/ 440) in Intervention (p = 0.007). Median time to mobilisation was 69.9 (IQR: 30.0, 149.8) hours; 71.7 (33.9, 157.9) in Before and 66.0 (27.1, 140.3) in Intervention (p = 0.104). Higher SAPS II-scores were associated with lower likelihood (SHR 0.98, 95 % CI 0.97–0.99), whereas admissions due to gastroenterological failure (SHR 2.1, 95 % CI 1.4–3.0), neurological failure (SHR 1.5, 95 % CI 1.0–2.2) and other causes (intoxication, postoperative care, haematological-, and kidney failure) (SHR 1.7, 95 % CI 1.13–2.6) were associated with higher likelihood of mobilisation vs respiratory failure.ConclusionA quality improvement campaign including use of Facebook groups is feasible and may improve mobilisation in intensive care unit patients. Most patients were mobilised within 72 hours following intensive care unit admission, and SAPS II scores and causes for intensive care unit admission were both associated with likelihood of being mobilised.     

部分媒体从业人员营养相关知识知晓情况及需求调查

目的了解部分媒体从业人员营养相关知识的知晓情况及需求,为开展营养健康传播提供科学依据。方法对全国范围内参与2013年“营养中国行”项目营养论坛的媒体从业人员开展问卷调查。结果共调查媒体从业人员105人,男性54人（51．4％）,女性51人（48．6％）。营养知识基本素养较低,“营养基础知识”全部回答正确率占37．1％,“《中国居民膳食指南》”全部回答正确率占8．6％。缺乏信息来源,或对信息来源不加甄别（68．6％）、报道以偏概全（50．5％）和过度强调单一食物的营养作用（40．0％）被认为是营养健康传播中最突出的3个问题;营养健康传播选题的主要依据是受众的需求（79．0％）;35．2％和47．6％的人会经常查证和逐条查证所传播信息的信源;47．6％的人比较了解受众的需求。83．8％和70．5％的人需要营养领域专家以及营养和健康教育专业机构的支持;63．8％的人希望专家用通俗易懂的语言传播营养健康知识;61．9％的人希望专业机构定期开展媒体和专家的沟通活动,并建立可查询的营养领域权威专家资源库。结论媒体从业人员营养知识还有不足,因此还需要健康教育和营养领域专业机构、媒体、营养专家和公众的通力合作。。     

Telling stories about abortion: abortion-related plots in American film and television, 1916–2013

Objectives

Popular discourse on abortion in film and television assumes that abortions are under- and misrepresented. Research indicates that such representations influence public perception of abortion care and may play a role in the production of social myths around abortion, with consequences for women’s experience of abortion. To date, abortion plotlines in American film and television have not been systematically tracked and analyzed.

Study design

A comprehensive online search was conducted to identify all representations of pregnancy decision making and abortion in American film and television through January 2013. Search results were coded for year, pregnancy decision and mortality outcome.

Results

A total of 310 plotlines were identified, with an overall upward trend over time in the number of representations of abortion decision making. Of these plotlines, 173 (55.8%) resulted in abortion, 80 (25.8%) in parenting, 13 (4.2%) in adoption and 21 (6.7%) in pregnancy loss, and 16 (5.1%) were unresolved. A total of 13.5% (n= 42) of stories ended with the death of the woman who considered an abortion, whether or not she obtained one.

Conclusions

Abortion-related plotlines occur more frequently than popular discourse assumes. Year-to-year variation in frequency suggests an interactive relationship between media representations, cultural attitudes and policies around abortion regulation, consistent with cultural theory of the relationship between media products and social beliefs. Patterns of outcomes and rates of mortality are not representative of real experience and may contribute to social myths around abortion. The narrative linking of pregnancy termination with mortality is of particular note, supporting the social myth associating abortion with death.

Implications

This analysis empirically describes the number of abortion-related plotlines in American film and television. It contributes to the systematic evaluation of the portrayal of abortion in popular culture and provides abortion care professionals and advocates with an initial accurate window into cultural stories being told about abortion.     

Acute kidney injury after contrast-enhanced examination among elderly

OBJECTIVES:

to assess renal function in elderly patients undergoing contrast-enhanced computed tomography and identify the preventive measures of acute kidney injury in the period before and after the examination.

METHOD:

longitudinal cohort study conducted at the Federal University of São Paulo Hospital, from March 2011 to March 2013. All hospitalized elderly, of both sexes, aged 60 years and above, who performed the examination, were included (n=93). We collected sociodemographic data, data related to the examination and to the care provided, and creatinine values prior and post exam.

RESULTS:

an alteration in renal function was observed in 51 patients (54%) with a statistically significant increase of creatinine values (p<0.04), and two patients (4.0%) required hemodialysis.

CONCLUSION:

There is an urgent need for protocols prior to and post contrast-enhanced examination in the elderly, and other studies to verify the prognosis of this population.     

Type I Tympanoplasty: surgical success and prognostic factors

ObjectivesTo evaluate success rate of type I tympanoplasty in adults and to investigate the importance of selected prognostic factors on graft uptake.Material and methodsRetrospective medical chart review of 155 patients who underwent Type I Tympanoplasty, in our department, from January 2013 to December 2017. Graft uptake rate was evaluated and the effects of prognostic factors on surgical outcome such as sex, smoking and otological surgery history, status of the contralateral ear, size and location of the perforation, middle ear mucosa status, surgical approach and graft material. Preoperative and postoperative audiometric data were collected, and the functional success was determined.ResultsThe overall surgical anatomical success rate was 75%. Analysis of the selected variables, identified as independent prognostic factors of anatomical unsuccess (95% CI): smoking (OR = 3.29, p < .01), middle ear tympanosclerosis (OR = 2.96; p = .04). Perforations above 50% of the tympanic membrane area had a borderline effect on graft uptake (p = .05). There was a significative improvement in the average air conduction thresholds of 7.44 dB and an ABG closure rate at 10 dB and 20 dB was achieved in 47% and 84.5%, respectively. Patients who received temporalis fascia graft had similar hearing gain compared to patients who underwent cartilage tympanoplasty (7.7 vs. 7.3 dB, p = .79).ConclusionType I tympanoplasty is an effective and safe procedure with a high anatomical success rate in the treatment of mucosal COM. Poorer outcomes were found in patients with smoking habits, in those with tympanosclerosis of middle ear mucosa and in larger perforations. These prognostic factors should be considered in surgical planning and patients should be advised to quit smoking. Tympanoplasty with cartilage graft had a hearing outcome comparable to temporalis fascia graft and should be considered in high-risk patients.     

Can Doppler or contrast-enhanced ultrasound analysis add diagnostically important information about the nature of breast lesions?

OBJECTIVES:

Despite evidence suggesting that Doppler ultrasonography can help to differentiate between benign and malignant breast lesions, it is rarely applied in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to determine whether certain vascular features of breast masses observed by duplex Doppler and color Doppler ultrasonography (before and/or after microbubble contrast injection) add information to the gray-scale analysis and support the Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) classification.

METHODS:

Seventy solid lesions were prospectively evaluated with gray-scale ultrasonography, color Doppler ultrasonography, and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. The morphological analysis and lesion vascularity were correlated with the histological results.

RESULTS:

Percutaneous core biopsies revealed that 25/70 (17.5%) lesions were malignant, while 45 were benign. Hypervascular lesions with tortuous and central vessels, a resistive index (RI)≥0.73 before contrast injection, and an RI≥0.75 after contrast injection were significantly predictive of malignancy (p<0.001).

CONCLUSION:

The combination of gray-scale ultrasonography data with unenhanced or enhanced duplex Doppler and color Doppler US data can provide diagnostically useful information. These techniques can be easily implemented because Doppler devices are already present in most health centers.     

虚拟耳镜对鼓室成形术前后鼓室结构的观察

目的 探讨虚拟耳镜在鼓室成形术中的临床评估作用.方法 应用虚拟耳镜观察耳病患者102例(204耳),72例(75耳)完成鼓室成形术和外耳道鼓室成形术,其中慢性中耳炎53例(55耳),先天性外耳道闭锁1 9例(20耳).结果 23耳慢性化脓性中耳炎胆脂瘤型,虚拟耳镜观察19耳听骨链破坏,手术证实23耳均有听骨腐蚀;32慢性化脓性中耳炎骨疡型,虚拟耳镜观察29耳听骨链不同程度破坏,手术证实23耳锤骨和砧骨侵蚀,11耳镫骨头或镫上结构缺失;20耳先天性外耳道闭锁,中耳畸形,术前提示18耳听骨畸形,2耳小鼓室无听骨链,手术证实17耳外耳道闭锁,听骨严重畸形,2耳镫骨缺失,1耳前庭窗闭锁.2耳术后突然听力下降,复查虚拟耳镜发现移植听骨与鼓膜脱离.虚拟耳镜与手术探查符合率,中耳炎为92%,先天性外耳道闭锁、中耳畸形为100%.结论 虚拟耳镜为鼓室成形术术前病变程度及术后疗效评估提供可靠的影像学依据.     

逆行咽鼓管插管盐酸氨溴索注药治疗分泌性中耳炎

目的 探讨咽鼓管逆行插管行鼓室冲洗,盐酸氨溴索注药治疗分泌性中耳炎的临床疗效.方法 对112例(178耳)分泌性中耳炎患者采用逆行经咽鼓管插管,37℃生理盐水鼓室冲洗、盐酸氨溴索鼓室注药并留置.观察耳闷、耳鸣症状,鼓膜像,语频区听力恢复情况及与病程的关系.结果 全部病例178耳经1～3次治疗后,治愈119耳(66.9%),有效30耳(16.9%),无效29耳(16.3%),治愈率66.9%,总有效率83.7%.病史小于半年者,治愈率明显高于病史大于半年者,随着治疗次数的增加,治愈率和有效率逐渐降低.结论 逆行咽鼓管插管行鼓室冲洗,盐酸氨溴索注药是治疗分泌性中耳炎安全有效的方法.     

分泌性中耳炎的治疗现状与思考

分泌性中耳炎(secretory otitis media,SOM)病因尚未完全明确.尽管大部分患者可以治愈,但仍有部分较为顽固,对这些患者的处理目前仍存争议.近年来尽管在治疗上有新的尝试,但疗效并未实现突破.本文对目前SOM的治疗现状进行归纳评述,希望引起大家对SOM治疗方法选择的谨慎与重视,也希望带动相关研究的开展.     

老年人脉压指数与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的关系

为了研究脉压指数与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的关系 ,对 334例老年人行颈动脉内膜中层厚度超声检测并进行测压 ,分别以脉压≤ 6 0mmHg、6 1～ 80mmHg、81～ 10 0mmHg及 >10 0mmHg和脉压指数≤ 0 .4 0 0、0 .4 0 1～ 0 .5 0 0、0 .5 0 1～ 0 .6 0 0及 >0 .6 0 0分为四个亚组进行分析。结果发现 ,随着脉压和脉压指数的增加 ,颈动脉内膜中层厚度和收缩压均随之增加 ,脉压指数组舒张压进行性下降 ;Spearman’s相关分析发现 ,颈动脉内膜中层厚度与脉压指数相关性最佳 ;多元逐步回归分析显示 ,颈动脉内膜中层厚度仅与脉压指数、年龄具有显著回归效果 ,脉压指数的标准回归系数远大于年龄。结果提示 ,在老年人中脉压指数评价血管硬化比脉压有一定的优越性