以国产紫杉醇为主的方案治疗转移性乳腺癌

目的评价以国产紫杉醇为主的方案治疗转移性乳腺癌的近期疗效和不良反应。方法12例乳腺癌根治术后患者发生一处或多处转移,均有可评价客观指标,采用紫杉醇+表阿霉素方案或紫杉醇+顺铂方案化疗。具体为紫杉醇135mg/m2,第1天,静脉滴注3小时;表阿毒素60mg/m2第1天静脉推注或分2天静脉推注;顺铂80mg/m2分3天静脉滴注,并适量水化、利尿等。紫杉醇使用前12小时、6小时分别口服地塞米松20mg,且给药前30分钟予非那根25mg肌肉注射和西米替丁400mg静脉推注。表阿霉素在紫杉醇前使用,顺铂在紫杉醇后使用。结果本组12例CR1例、PR5例、NC2例、PD4例,总有效率50%。主要不良反应为骨髓抑制和脱发,其次为消化道反应和肌肉关节酸痛。结论以国产紫杉醇为主的方案治疗转移性乳腺癌有效率较高,不良反应可耐受。     

长春瑞滨联合阿霉素和顺铂治疗乳腺癌肺转移临床观察

目的观察长春瑞滨(NVB)联合阿霉素(ADM)和顺铂(DDP)治疗乳腺癌肺转移的临床疗效。方法24例乳腺癌肺转移采用NVB25mg/m2d1、8+ADM40mg/m2d1+DDP25mg/m2d1～3方案联合化疗。结果CR4例,PR13例,总有效率(CR+PR)71%。主要毒副反应为骨髓抑制和静脉炎,采用深静脉置管给药可减少静脉炎发生。结论NAP方案治疗乳腺癌肺转移疗效较高。     

紫杉醇与铂类药物联合治疗进展期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的 观察紫杉醇加顺铂或卡铂治疗进展期非小细胞肺癌的疗效与毒副反应。方法 采用紫杉醇加顺铂（或卡铂）方案治疗32例进展期非小细胞肺癌患者，观察近期疗效和毒副反应。结果 完全缓解（CR）2例，部分缓解（PR）13例，疾病稳定（SD）11例，疾病进展（PD）6例，总有效率（CR＋PR）为：46．9％。主要毒副反应是脱发，粒细胞减少，贫血，胃肠道反应等。结论 紫杉醇联合顺铂（或卡铂）治疗进展期非小细胞肺癌疗效肯定，毒副反应可以耐受。     

血府逐瘀汤治疗髋关节置换术后非感染性发热

[目的]探讨髋关节置换术后非感染性发热的防治。[方法]应用血府逐瘀汤加减辨证论治。[结果]43例患者体温恢复正常,其中36例在3天内体温恢复正常。[结论]该方法对髋关节置换术后非感染性发热有较好作用。     

不同穴组对椎-基底动脉供血不足的协同或拮抗作用研究

目的:探讨针刺经穴(风池、天柱)、夹脊(C4～C6)对椎-基底动脉供血不足(VBI)的协同或拮抗作用.方法:采用自身对照的方法,对20例VBI患者分3次分别观察针刺经穴组、夹脊组、配伍组3个穴组对椎-基底动脉收缩期血流速度(vsys)的影响.结果:3组针刺后椎-基底动脉的vsys较针刺前相比均有显著性提高(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),但3组之间比较差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).结论:针刺风池、天柱或C4～C6夹脊组或两者同用,均可使VBI患者椎-基底动脉的vsys值升高,改善椎-基底动脉的供血状况.但从即刻改善程度来说,两者之间未发现协同或拮抗作用.     

关于中西医结合的几点思考

中西医结合的问题一直是困惑人们的难题,其一,中西医结合一直没有一个内涵确定、外延清晰的科学定义;其二,由于中西文化在世界观、价值观和方法论等方面存在着明显差异导致中医和西医学思维方式、发展方向、研究内容和研究方法的差异性.只有吸取了中医学的整体观和辩证观,吸收西医学微观研究,取长补短,发挥各自优点,宏观整体与微观分子水平相结合,方能实现中西医学从基础理论到临床实践的真正结合,形成更加优越的新医学.     

经肝动脉化疗栓塞联合经皮射频消融术治疗原发性肝癌的疗效观察

【摘要】 目的 探讨经肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）联合经皮射频消融术（PRFA）与单独应用经皮射频消融术治疗原发性肝癌的临床疗效。方法 选择2012年3月～2014年3月在我院诊治的肝癌患者90例,随机分为观察组（50例）与对照组（40例）。观察组予以经肝动脉化疗栓塞联合经皮射频消融术,对照组应用经皮射频消融术治疗,观察两组疗效及预后情况。结果 术后1个月两组患者并发症如疼痛、肺部感染、出血、恶心呕吐等发生率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;两组术后1个月时血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）与门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）水平均低于术前(P＜0.05),但观察组术后一个月血清ALT和AST值显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);观察组与对照组比较能明显提高近期有效率(P＜0.05)。结论 两种治疗方案均能有效治疗原发性肝癌,但经肝动脉化疗栓塞联合经皮射融术相对于单独应用经皮射频消融术,在原发性肝癌治疗中具有更高的缓解率,更有利于肝功能的恢复,可减少术后并发症。     

Immuno-pharmacodynamics for evaluating mechanism of action and developing immunotherapy combinations

Immunotherapy has become a major modality of cancer treatment, with multiple new classes of immunotherapeutics recently entering the clinic and obtaining market approval from regulatory agencies. While the promise of these therapies is great, so is the number of possible combinations not only with each other but also with small molecule therapeutics. Furthermore, the observation of unusual dose-response relationships suggests a critical dependency of drug effectiveness on the dosage regimen (dose and schedule). Clinical pharmacodynamic (PD) biomarkers will be useful endpoints for confirming drug mechanism of action, evaluating combination therapies for synergy or antagonism, and identifying optimal dosage regimens. In contrast to conventional PD in which drug action occurs entirely within a single target cell (ie, is self-contained within the malignant cell), immunotherapy involves a complex mechanism of action with sequential steps that propagate through multiple cell types, both normal and malignant. Its intercellular pharmacology begins with molecular target engagement either on an immune effector cell or a malignant cell, followed by stimulatory biochemical and biological signals in immune effector cells, and then finally ends with activation of cell death mechanisms in malignant cells lying within a certain distance from the activated effector cells (immune cell–tumor cell proximity). Evaluating such “trans-cellular pharmacology,” in which different steps of drug action are distributed across multiple cell types, requires novel microscopy and image analysis tools capable of quantifying PD-biomarker responses, mapping the responses onto the cellular geography of the tumor using phenotypic biomarkers to identify specific cell types, and finally analyzing the spatial relationships between biomarkers in the context of each cell’s biological role. We have termed this form of nearest neighbor image analysis of drug action “proximity PD microscopy,” to indicate the importance of the location of the PD-biomarker response within the cellular landscape of a tumor specimen. We discuss herein the major modes of immunotherapy, and lay out a blueprint for using PD assessment to optimize dosage regimens of single agents and guide development of combination immunotherapy regimens, using PD1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibition as a case study.     

联合用药预防结核菌素强阳性患者发病的临床意义

目的探讨联合用药对结核菌素强阳性患者的方便、有效、可接受性强以及副反应小的预防性治疗方案。方法对结核菌素强阳性的患者采用联合用药的方式，即分别使用异烟肼和利福喷汀、利福喷汀和吡嗪酰胺、异烟肼方案。结果A、B、C组结核菌素强阳性患者对于治疗方案的接受率分别为83．6％、87．6％、62．5％；完成疗程率分别为88．9％、94．4％、63．2％：副反应发生率分别为7．8％、9．2％、6．4％。结核病2年复发率分别为9％、7％、10％。结论采用异炯肼和利福喷汀与利福喷汀和吡嗪酰胺以3个月间歇方法对预防结合菌素强阳性患者的发病是可行的。     

Failure of daptomycin β-Lactam combination therapy to prevent resistance emergence in Enterococcus faecium

Daptomycin β-Lactam combination therapy offers “protection” against daptomycin non-susceptibility (DNS) development in Enterococcus faecium. We report failure of this strategy and the importance of source control. Mutations were detected in the LiaF and cls genes in DNS isolates. A single DNS isolate contained an unrecognized mutation, which requires confirmation.