12～33周胎儿脊柱生长发育与胎龄关系研究

作者采用X线摄片和B型超声波技术,观测12～33周胎儿脊柱,建立了根据脊柱颈、胸、腰段长度估计胎龄和由胎龄推算脊柱颈、胸、腰段长度的两种方程;找出了腰段长度与胎龄互换的两种回归方程之间截距的校正值,并推算出根据腰段长度评估胎龄的正常值范围。观察到椎弓原发骨化点首先出现在上颈椎,然后向下延伸;椎体原发骨化点首先出现在下胸段或上腰段,然后向上、下两个方向延伸。认为脊柱腰段长度和颈椎体、骶椎体、骶椎弓原发骨化点的出现时间可作为评估12～23周胎儿发育状态的依据。     

Isolation, purification and identification of ellagic acid derivatives, catechins, and procyanidins from the root bark of Anisophyllea dichostyla R. Br.

The root bark of Anisophyllea dichostyla R. Br. is traditionally used in the Democratic Republic Congo for the treatment of several conditions such as anorexia, fatigue and intestinal infections. We have identified and quantitated several polyphenol antioxidants in the methanol extract of the root bark (120g). The polyphenol content (3.32g/kg) was predominantly ellagitannins (25%) and polyhydroxyflavan-3-ols (catechins and procyanidins, 75%) with 3'-O-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxo ellagic acid 4'-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside and (-)-epicatechin as the major species in each class. These two compounds and the following species were identified unequivocally by NMR spectroscopy: (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin 3-O-gallate, 3-O-methyl ellagic acid, 3,3'-di-O-methyl ellagic acid, 3'-O-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxo ellagic acid, 3'-O-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxo ellagic acid 4'-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside, and 3'-O-methyl ellagic acid 4-O-beta-d-xylopyranoside. The following additional compounds were purified by semi-preparative HPLC and tentatively identified on the basis of UV spectra, HPLC-ESI-MS and nano-ESI-MS-MS: (+)-catechin-3-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside, epicatechin-(4beta-->8)-catechin (procyanidin B(1)), epicatechin-(4beta-->8)-epicatechin (procyanidin B(2)), an (epi)catechin trimer, 3-O-methyl ellagic acid 4-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside, (-)-epicatechin 3-O-vanillate, 3,4-methylenedioxo ellagic acid 4'-O- beta-d-glucopyranoside, and 3,3'-di-O-methyl ellagic acid 4-O-beta-d-xylopyranoside. Fractionation of the raw extract by column chromatography on silicic acid yielded 10 fractions. In the hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase antioxidant assay system, CC-9 which contained a range of polyphenols dominated by (-)-epicatechin-O-gallate proved to be the most potent antioxidant fraction (IC(50)=52 micro g/mL) in terms of ROS scavenging. In terms of XO inhibition CC-8, dominated by (epi)catechin trimer and which also contained appreciable amounts of 3'-O-methyl ellagic acid 4'-O-beta-d-xylopyranoside, as well as the catechins (+)-catechin-3-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside, epicatechin-(4beta-->8)-catechin (procyanidin B(1)), and (-)-epicatechin 3-O-gallate, proved to be the most potent (IC(50)=36 micro g/mL).     

Optimization of the extraction conditions and quantification by RP-LC analysis of three alkaloids in Zanthoxylum nitidum roots

Context: A classic traditional Chinese medicine, Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC. widely used in China, exhibits anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antianalgesic activities. Alkaloids are one of the main bioactive components. It is urgent to develop a simple and reliable method to determine the main alkaloids in Z. nitidum roots.

Objective: To determine the three alkaloids in Z. nitidum roots, a reversed-phase liquid chromatographic (RP-LC) method combined with an optimum extraction condition was established.

Materials and methods: A method involving four-factor-three-level orthogonal array design including the extracting solvent and the RP-LC condition was assayed. Twenty batches were collected from different areas of the Guangxi Province at different harvesting times. The determined alkaloids were nitidine chloride (NC, 1), ethoxychelerythrine (2) and liriodenine (3). The stable mobile phase was a C₁₈ packing, and the mobile phase was acetonitril-aqueous phosphoric acid-triethylamine-buffer solution.

Results: The optimum extraction and detection conditions have been determined in the process of quantification of Z. nitidum root alkaloids. The three alkaloids were detected simultaneously in the 20 batches of samples. The results clearly showed that alkaloid concentrations differed significantly among Z. nitidum collected from various collection areas.

Discussion and conclusion: We have established an optimum extraction and detection conditions in the process of quantification the three alkaloids in Z. nitidum roots. From this research, the most influenced factor on Z. nitidum roots was the collecting location, and the next factor was the harvesting time. The collecting location and the harvesting time should be considered as the high-quality medicinal herbs factors.     

金属钴、铬离子对成骨细胞ALP活性及I型胶原表达的影响

目的：观察钴、铬离子对小鼠成骨细胞（MC3T3E1）的碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性及I型胶原蛋白合成的影响,探讨钴、铬离子对成骨细胞的生物学作用。方法试验分为对照组（成骨细胞培养液无金属离子）和实验组（钴、铬离子与小鼠成骨细胞体外共培养）,检测培养上清液ALP活性及I型胶原蛋白含量、收集细胞检测成骨细胞I型胶原蛋白mRNA的表达。结果与对照组相比,钴、铬离子能明显抑制成骨细胞的ALP活性;离子组干预24h后,成骨细胞I型胶原蛋白及mRNA分别下降45.3%、26.8%（P〈0.05）,48h后分别下降49.2%、32.6%（P〈0.05）。结论钴、铬离子明显抑制成骨细胞ALP活性及降低I型胶原蛋白的分泌及其mRNA的表达。     

A quality by design approach to impurity method development for atomoxetine hydrochloride (LY139603)

The development of an ion-pairing HPLC method and associated system suitability parameters for the analysis of atomoxetine hydrochloride (LY139603 HCl) using a quality by design approach is described. Potential method conditions were evaluated for their ability to meet design requirements and statistically designed experiments were used to optimize conditions and demonstrate method robustness for the separation of atomoxetine and impurities. The separation of two early eluting impurities, phenyl methylaminopropanol (PMAP (+/-)3-methylamino-1-phenylpropanol) and mandelic acid is correlated to the separation of other impurities that elute near the main sample component and the resolution of this peak pair is used as a system suitability test without the need for impurity reference standards.     

茯苓皮中三萜酸类成分的研究

目的 研究茯苓皮中的三萜酸类化合物.方法 采用柱色谱法和制备液相色谱法,从茯苓皮的二氯甲烷及乙酸乙酯提取物中分离纯化单体化合物,并通过光谱方法鉴定其结构.结果 从茯苓皮的提取物中分离并鉴定了11个三萜酸,分别为茯苓酸A(Ⅰ)、茯苓酸B(Ⅱ)、茯苓酸AM(Ⅲ)、茯苓酸(Ⅳ)、dehydroeburiconic acid(Ⅴ)、dehydrotrametenonic acid(Ⅵ)、dehydrotrametenolic acid(Ⅶ)、eburicoic acid(Ⅷ)、3-O-acetyl-16α-hydroxytrametenolic acid(Ⅸ)、3-O-formyl-dehydrotrametenolic acid(X)、3-O-formyl-eburicoic acid(Ⅺ),其中化合物Ⅹ、Ⅺ为新化合物.结论 通过验证实验证明:化合物Ⅹ、Ⅺ为分离过程中产生的人工产物.     

化疗相关性恶心呕吐影响因素分析及列线图模型构建

目的 探讨影响化疗相关性恶心呕吐的危险因素，构建化疗相关性恶心呕吐列线图模型。方法 采用便利抽样法，选取2021年12月至2022年10月就诊于徐州医科大学第二附属医院的320例肿瘤化疗患者的临床资料，统计并分析化疗相关性恶心呕吐的危险因素，利用Logistic回归构建风险预测模型，并使用列线图展示模型。结果 320例化疗患者中，化疗相关性恶心呕吐（CINV）发生例数134例（41.88%），其中，恶心发生例数为131例（40.94%），呕吐发生例数94例（29.38%），一般资料分析显示，CINV与年龄、性别、饮酒史、睡眠质量、既往CINV史、妊娠期恶心呕吐史（妊吐史）、化疗次数、止吐药物种类、晕动病史及心理预感发生CINV有关，且差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。回归分析显示，年龄、性别、饮酒史、PSQI得分、既往CINV病史、妊吐史、化疗次数、止吐药物种类、参与社会工作、晕动病史、使用非甾体抗炎药、心理预期CINV及焦虑均成为CINV的危险因素，并用列线图模型表示。结论 男性、高龄、多次化疗、饮酒史成为CINV保护因素；晕动病史、妊吐史、低睡眠状态、焦虑等成为CINV危险因素。列线图模型可为识别高危患者及及时干预策略提供指导。     

Bioactivity and molecular docking of lactones isolated from Centaurea pseudosinaica Czerep

Two cytotoxic sesquiterpene lactones, 17-epichlorohyssopifolin A (1) and chlorjanerin (2), and a monoterpene lactone, loliolide (3) were isolated from Centaurea pseudosinaica. The cytotoxicity of the total extract and terpenoids 1–3 were evaluated against three human cancer cells (HepG2, PC-3, and HT-29), along with the human normal primary epidermal keratinocytes (HEKa) cells. With IC₅₀ values ranging between 0.6 ± 0.04 and 5.0 ± 0.61 μg/mL against HepG2; 0.2 ± 0.01 and 11.9 ± 1.31 μg/mL against PC-3, and 0.04 ± 0.013 and 8.9 ± 0.97 μg/mL against HT-29, the total extract, and lactones 1–3 demonstrated cytotoxic effects. Compound 1 displayed the strongest impact on all cancer cells and a slightly safe effect on the normal cells HEKa. Compound 1 caused accumulation of HepG2 and HT-29 cells in G1 phase as displayed cell cycle analysis. On the other hand, the cell distributions were increased in the S phase in PC-3 cells. Furthermore, 1 caused apoptosis in PC-3 and HePG2 cells with 91.50%, and 79.72 %, respectively. A higher fraction of necrotic cells was observed in HT-29 cells amounting to 23.60%. These results suggested that the promising cytotoxicity exhibited by 1 is brought by the apoptosis induction in the cancer cells, which were evaluated. As the compounds showed antiproliferative effect against the HT-29 cells, the docking simulation was performed aiming at determining how they would interact with the EGFR enzyme, whose PDB: 4I23 is considered one of the two distinct wild types of EGFR enzymes. The antibacterial activity results revealed that 3 showed the most remarkable antibacterial effects, especially against the examined Gram-positive bacteria. The total extract exhibited potent activity against all examined bacteria. The total extract showed a potent antifungal effect against two Candida and two Aspergillus pathogens. The antioxidant activity revealed the potency of the total extract and 3 as antioxidant candidates. The obtained results refer to the importance of Centaurea pseudosinaica as a source of potent antiproliferative agents and the whole plant as an antipathogenic and antioxidant agent.     

高校自然科学综合性优秀期刊栏目设置调研与分析

【目的】 了解高校自然科学综合性优秀期刊栏目设置现状,为科技期刊专业化转型和期刊评价提供参考。【方法】 收集112种高校自然科学综合性优秀期刊2021年各期次的目次表和总目次表,统计与分析其栏目设置情况。【结果】 66%的期刊在目次表中有稳定的栏目设置,仅47%的期刊在总目次表中设置栏目。在栏目设置方式方面,标识性特色栏目占比为43%,以专题、专栏、专辑和专刊为主;非标识性特色栏目占比为31%,以学科特色为主体内容,栏目设置突出区域特点、问题导向和学科优势;学科“小综合”栏目占比为20%,栏目设置突出差异化;创新前沿栏目占比不足20%,栏目创新性略显薄弱。【结论】 高校期刊应重视在目次表与总目次表中的栏目设置,不同期刊需采用与其学科优势相匹配的栏目设置方式;同时加强栏目创新设计,适当区分专刊与专辑、专栏与专题,分类分步推进综合性期刊专业化转型;可考虑把栏目设置纳入期刊定性评价体系。